The following program presents
principles designed to promote
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good health and is not
intended to take the place
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of personalized
professional care.
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The opinions and ideas expressed
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are those of the speaker.
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Viewers are encouraged to
draw their own conclusions
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about the information presented.
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Hello, I'm Dr. Emerson.
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I am Medical Director at
Eden Valley Lifestyle Center.
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And today I wanted to take
up a discussion again on fevers
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and the
beneficial effects they have
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in fighting
infections and even cancers.
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Last time we were together
we looked at some evidence
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that titters were
actually beneficial.
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We looked at some of
the work Louis Pasteur did
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with anthrax, he found that
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he could induce
anthrax in cows and sheep,
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but was unable to
induce it into chickens.
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He found that chickens
had a higher temperature
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than cows and sheep.
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Cows and sheep
being 38 degrees Celsius,
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chickens being 40
to 42 degrees Celsius.
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And he found that if
he cooled the chicken down
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in a water bath and gave it
anthrax through an injection
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instead of ignoring it,
which was the usual case,
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the chicken was
dead in 24 hours.
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Took another chicken infected
him with the anthrax vaccine
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in the cooling bath,
when he started to show
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symptoms after a couple
of hours of anthrax toxicity,
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he took him out of
the bath, dried him off,
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warmed him up chicken survived.
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Just a few degrees Celsius
made the difference between
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life and death in
the chicken's fight
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against Anthrax.
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Then we looked at the
work of Wagner-Jauregg
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who found that syphilis
caused a progressive paralysis
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and that, in
countries like China and India
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where syphilis was ramped,
it very rarely progressed
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to this progressive paralysis.
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He hypothesized that
the malaria that was endemic
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in these places as
well was causing fevers
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that were possibly
treating the syphilis.
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So in 1917, he
took nine patients
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with progressive
paralysis from syphilis,
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which was considering
incurable at that time,
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he injected them
all with malaria,
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of course you
can't do that today.
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But that's what
he did at that time,
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induced the fever,
three out of the nine people
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the paralysis result.
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He then treated
their malaria with Quinine.
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He was so
successful that they treated
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thousands of patients
that had progressive paralysis
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from syphilis with
the malarial treatments.
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And the success rate
was consistently about 30%,
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and he was so
successful that this was became
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a standard
treatment at that time.
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This sounded a bit strange
and yet the scientific community
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apparently didn't think it
so strange because in 1927,
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he received the Nobel
Prize in Medicine and Physiology
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for his work in treating
syphilis with malaria fevers.
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Have other diseases been
treated with fever therapy,
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actually typhoid vaccine
was used to treat resistant
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forms of
gonorrhea, this produce fevers
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over 40 degrees Celsius or
about 140 degrees Fahrenheit
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and these were
modernly successful.
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However there were side-effects
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from the typhoid vaccine.
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This is a gram
negative bacteria,
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and could produce not only fever
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but occasionally
hypotension or shock,
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needless to say we don't use
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that form of hyperthermia today.
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Is there more
evidence that regarding
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the beneficial effects of fever.
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Well, we wanna look at
the work of Matt Kluger
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who did control trials to study
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the effect of
fevers in infected animals.
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His work was
summarized in a very good review
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in the Journal Science in 1984.
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To study fevers in animals
however he needed an animal
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whose temperature he
could control fairly easily.
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And he found this in the
ectoderm the dorsalis lizard.
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Now lizards are ectoderms,
that means the only way
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they can change their
temperature is were it moved
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to a warmer
climate to get warmer,
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or move to a shadier,
cooler climate to get cooler.
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He setup a sandbar, he
had a shade on one end,
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he had sunlamps on the other
and he had a little lizards
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running in between
these two equal climes
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and he had a thermocouple
in the rectums of these,
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these would measure the
temperature and give him
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a read out of the lizard's
temperatures moment by moment.
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He found that,
when they were healthy,
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they would migrate between
the shade in the sunlamps
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to an area where the
temperature would be about
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38 degrees Celsius and this
is what, what they preferred.
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This is what they liked.
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When however, he
gave them a bacteria
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and caused them to get
sick, their thermostat inside
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was turned up and
they desired a warmer clime
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and they
migrated toward the lamp
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and their temperatures
rose to 40-42 degrees Celsius,
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they then would recover and
move back to the cooler clime,
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their body temperature
would again drop to about
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38 degrees Celsius, which was
their normal body temperature.
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In a later experiment then he
took several groups of lizards
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infected them all
with this bacteria.
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But then he prevented
some of them from going
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to the warmer climes and he had
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different
climates for these lizards.
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Some were able to go
up to 42 degrees Celsius
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in a three days,
their mortality was,
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or their
survival actually was 95%
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those that he kept at
say 40 degrees Celsius
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their mortality,
their survival at
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three and half days was 70%.
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If he kept them at a lower
temperature 38 degrees Celsius
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which was their normal
body temperature only 30%
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survived by three and half days.
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If he kept them cooler
than normal temperature
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at 36 degrees 25%
survived at three days and half.
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And if he kept them
cooler at 34 degrees Celsius,
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none of them survived at
the end of three and half days.
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So, if fever were found then
to be therapeutic in lizards
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what about the
practice of giving aspirin
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to suppress a fever,
while he looked at this,
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he infused aspirin
into a group of lizards
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and then another
group of lizards he did,
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he gave them no
aspirin and he infected
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them both with this bacteria.
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He found that the
lizards that again did not have
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the aspirin
migrated to a warmer clime
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42 degrees Celsius and
recovered and survived.
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Those that have the aspirin,
their thermostat was not reset
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to a higher level,
they did not migrate
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to the higher
temperature, they stayed around
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38 degrees were
cooler and they all died,
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100% died by
three and half days.
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This beneficial effect of fevers
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was also documented in goldfish.
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Goldfish are found to live
in a certain clime in the water,
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of course if you dove
into a lake in the summer
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you find that the deeper you
go the colder the water gets.
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Well, fish would go down
low for cooler temperatures,
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they would raise higher
for warmer temperatures.
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And it was found that
when there were infected,
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the fish would move to
a higher temperature clime
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about five
degrees centigrade higher,
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they would fight the infection,
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recover from the infection
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and then move back
down to their cooler clime.
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If they were
prevented again from migrating
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to the warmer temperatures
their mortality increased
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and the immortality
increased in direct proportion
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to how much
lower their temperature
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was kept after the infection.
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So the lower the temperature
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the greater the
mortality in goldfish.
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Well, so far we've
been talking about reptiles,
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can this
beneficial effect of fevers
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also be seen in mammals.
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Well, they did a
co-related study in 1977,
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they looked at
ferrets, which are mammals,
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and they infected them
with an influenza virus.
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Now they tested for
the presence of the virus
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with nasal washings
and they would screen
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those for the
presence of the virus.
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And they found
that when they measured
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the rectal temperatures
of the ferrets that,
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if the ferrets that got
the highest temperatures
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spontaneously resolved
their viral infection faster,
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those that had lower
temperatures were not healing
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at the higher
temperature fevers clearer
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their virus more slowly.
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And these were statistically
significant findings.
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They did another test with mice,
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what they found
with mice, a newborn mice
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their temperatures
are typically lower
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than temperatures of
mice eight to nine days old.
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If these newborn mice
get Coxsackie B1 virus
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it's usually fatal.
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However, if they are
eight to nine days old
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and have this
higher temperature,
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they usually survive.
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So they took a
group of newborn mice,
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they infected them
with a Coxsackie B virus,
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and half of them they incubated,
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put them in rooms
at 34 degrees Celsius
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to increase their temperature,
their mortality dropped
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dramatically compared with
those that were kept in rooms
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at 22 to 24 degrees Celsius.
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They then moved to
puppies, and they found
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similar
response, similar findings.
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They found that newborn puppies,
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if they don't get
mother's maternal antigens
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through the mother's milk.
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If they're infected
with herpes canine virus
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as newborn
puppies, they die 100%.
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On the other hand,
if they are infected
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at two weeks or more,
their temperatures are higher,
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they're able to
mount fevers and they get
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a little running nose,
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it doesn't effect
them, significantly.
00:10:58.41\00:11:02.04
So they took a
group of newborn puppies
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and they hypothesized that
maybe this higher temperature
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was protective, so they
took the newborn puppies,
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infected them all
with herpes canine virus.
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Half of them they
kept at room temperature,
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half of them they
incubated kept their
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temperatures
higher, and they found
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that those that were
at room temperature 100%
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of them were dead by day nine.
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Where as those that were
incubated by the ninth day
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they were all still alive.
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They found that just
a temperature difference
00:11:32.94\00:11:36.86
going from 95 to 98.5
degrees Fahrenheit up to
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101 to 103 degrees Fahrenheit
was a difference between
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life and death for these puppies
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that were infected with
the herpes canine virus.
00:11:46.57\00:11:49.89
Well, when they did
autopsies on the ones that died
00:11:49.90\00:11:53.42
and then they
sacrificed ones that lived
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or a few of them
died after nine days,
00:11:55.74\00:11:58.25
they found that ones
that were unincubated,
00:11:58.26\00:12:01.89
they had wide spread
areas of focal necrosis,
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this is small
areas of dead tissue
00:12:04.88\00:12:07.15
and hemorrhage or
bleeding throughout the body.
00:12:07.16\00:12:09.70
A lung showed mild conjunction,
00:12:09.71\00:12:11.96
a few areas of consolidation
consistent with pneumonia.
00:12:11.97\00:12:15.84
Two of the puppies
that have been incubated
00:12:15.85\00:12:17.91
that died after the nine
days showed very little damage
00:12:17.92\00:12:22.63
on pathology studies,
very little hemorrhage
00:12:22.64\00:12:27.46
and just very little
pulmonary congestion as well.
00:12:27.47\00:12:31.51
That is they had
markedly less tissue damage
00:12:31.52\00:12:34.32
than the unincubated dogs.
00:12:34.33\00:12:37.07
The sacrificed
animals, those that had survived
00:12:37.08\00:12:39.70
in the later
sacrifice showed barely
00:12:39.71\00:12:42.23
visible pathology findings.
00:12:42.24\00:12:45.74
So the newborn
puppies who don't yet have
00:12:45.75\00:12:47.97
thermal regulation in place,
which would induce the fever,
00:12:47.98\00:12:52.55
which could protect
them, these succumbed
00:12:52.56\00:12:56.17
to the infections
of herpes canine virus.
00:12:56.18\00:12:58.39
But these newborn
puppies if they were incubated,
00:12:58.40\00:13:01.52
that incubation was life
saving to them in most cases.
00:13:01.53\00:13:06.84
Now we'll look
at some older dogs,
00:13:06.85\00:13:08.91
these are dogs in
whom the thermal regulation
00:13:08.92\00:13:11.25
is already in
place and functioning,
00:13:11.26\00:13:13.75
they have higher
body temperatures
00:13:13.76\00:13:15.36
than newborn puppies.
00:13:15.37\00:13:16.99
The rectal temperatures
generally run around
00:13:17.00\00:13:18.95
100.5 to a 102
degrees Fahrenheit,
00:13:18.96\00:13:22.76
these were all inoculated
00:13:22.77\00:13:23.77
again with herpes canine virus.
00:13:23.78\00:13:25.84
Some are allowed to maintain
their normal body temperature
00:13:25.85\00:13:28.84
and their tissues did
not show evidence of damage.
00:13:28.85\00:13:31.89
Further more a virus on
-- when they were sacrificed
00:13:31.90\00:13:35.60
could not be
isolated in their tissue,
00:13:35.61\00:13:38.70
but other dogs, older
dogs were tranquilized
00:13:38.71\00:13:42.89
and their body
temperature was lowered to about
00:13:42.90\00:13:45.18
94 to 97 degrees
Fahrenheit for 45 to 48 hours,
00:13:45.19\00:13:50.13
they were then
sacrificed on pathological exam,
00:13:50.14\00:13:52.99
these dogs, the virus was
readily recovered in the liver,
00:13:53.00\00:13:57.64
in the spleen,
lesser amounts were found
00:13:57.65\00:13:59.38
in the lymph nodes, in the lung,
00:13:59.39\00:14:00.77
the kidneys,
the adrenal tissues.
00:14:00.78\00:14:03.44
The pathological
studies were done using
00:14:03.45\00:14:07.67
fluorescent
antibodies to adhere to
00:14:07.68\00:14:09.84
viruses infected
locally in cells.
00:14:09.85\00:14:12.86
In the dogs that were,
had the lower temperature
00:14:12.87\00:14:15.46
they found numerous
discreet fluorescent foci,
00:14:15.47\00:14:19.28
could be seen in the livers,
in the spleen, in the kidney.
00:14:19.29\00:14:22.89
But the dogs that kept
their higher temperature
00:14:22.90\00:14:25.87
no fluorescent
cells could be seen,
00:14:25.88\00:14:28.01
in other words
there was no evidence
00:14:28.02\00:14:29.39
of viral
infection in these cells.
00:14:29.40\00:14:33.43
Does this have
application to humans?
00:14:33.44\00:14:36.86
Dr. Haahr wrote
in 1977, he said,
00:14:36.87\00:14:43.06
"The human neonate
especially if premature
00:14:43.07\00:14:45.83
also has a restricted
temperature regulation
00:14:45.84\00:14:48.15
and unless his body
temperature is kept around
00:14:48.16\00:14:50.35
37 degrees Celsius
or higher susceptibility
00:14:50.36\00:14:54.21
to viral infections may develop.
00:14:54.22\00:14:56.59
This maybe one
of the reasons why
00:14:56.60\00:14:57.98
generalized
herpes-simplex infections
00:14:57.99\00:15:00.05
are greatly overrepresented
in premature babies,
00:15:00.06\00:15:03.40
because the febrile
response to premature is limited
00:15:03.41\00:15:06.61
it seems
reasonable to use hyperthermia
00:15:06.62\00:15:08.69
as a therapeutic
measure in cases of
00:15:08.70\00:15:11.05
suspected viral infections,
this might reduce mortality
00:15:11.06\00:15:14.90
and severe sequelae virus
infections in this age group."
00:15:14.91\00:15:20.28
And that was
from Dr. Haahr, 1977.
00:15:20.29\00:15:24.51
So, we would like
to ask at this point,
00:15:24.52\00:15:26.63
what causes a fever,
or what is the mechanism
00:15:26.64\00:15:30.24
to produce a fever
when the body is infected?
00:15:30.25\00:15:34.99
What we find is that,
when tissue becomes infected,
00:15:35.00\00:15:38.43
the leukocytes, the
white cells in the blood
00:15:38.44\00:15:40.92
sense this and release a
protein called Interleukin 1
00:15:40.93\00:15:44.32
used to be called
en-dogenous pyrogen,
00:15:44.33\00:15:48.40
that means a fire maker inside.
00:15:48.41\00:15:50.93
This stimulated the
production of prostaglandins
00:15:50.94\00:15:53.48
which then crossed
the blood-brain barrier
00:15:53.49\00:15:55.66
and signaled the
brain, this causes the
00:15:55.67\00:15:58.14
autonomic nervous
system to reset the thermostat
00:15:58.15\00:16:01.54
to a higher temperature.
00:16:01.55\00:16:03.91
This intricately
designed system would indicate
00:16:03.92\00:16:07.51
that it was placed
their by a loving God,
00:16:07.52\00:16:09.90
a loving
Creator for our benefit.
00:16:09.91\00:16:13.29
This in itself applies
that fever would be a benefit,
00:16:13.30\00:16:17.48
as there is a mechanism in place
00:16:17.49\00:16:18.98
to actually generate this fever.
00:16:18.99\00:16:21.67
Well, how does this
fever mechanism play out
00:16:21.68\00:16:23.89
when we get infected?
00:16:23.90\00:16:25.69
Well, if we get infected what
happen is the body temperature
00:16:25.70\00:16:30.04
thermostat resets
itself let's say 102,
00:16:30.05\00:16:33.60
but you're at 98
degrees Fahrenheit,
00:16:33.61\00:16:36.48
and so you feel
cold, this is your body's
00:16:36.49\00:16:39.07
way of saying, help
me out, put on a blanket.
00:16:39.08\00:16:41.41
So you put on a
blanket, start shaking,
00:16:41.42\00:16:43.40
you're chilling,
you generate heat
00:16:43.41\00:16:44.86
from those muscle contractions,
00:16:44.87\00:16:46.20
your body
temperature rises to a 102,
00:16:46.21\00:16:48.66
and now you feel comfortable
'cause your temperature
00:16:48.67\00:16:51.85
is now matched
to your thermostat,
00:16:51.86\00:16:53.77
at least you feel
you don't feel cold.
00:16:53.78\00:16:56.53
Now, if somebody
touches you and says,
00:16:56.54\00:16:58.59
oh you're burning
up, on't you feel hot,
00:16:58.60\00:17:00.06
you say no, I feel comfortable
in terms of temperature.
00:17:00.07\00:17:05.63
Then your
temperature is maintained
00:17:05.64\00:17:07.73
for as long as it takes
to clear that infection,
00:17:07.74\00:17:10.33
when that infection is clearer,
00:17:10.34\00:17:11.31
your body thermostat
resets itself at 98.6.
00:17:11.32\00:17:14.46
Now you feel hot,
that's your body's
00:17:14.47\00:17:17.33
way of saying, help me out,
00:17:17.34\00:17:18.70
you throw off the covers,
you break out in a sweat,
00:17:18.71\00:17:21.60
this lowers your
temperature down to 98.6
00:17:21.61\00:17:24.18
and now you've
gone through the cycle.
00:17:24.19\00:17:26.46
If we're in the
hospital and trying to identify
00:17:26.47\00:17:28.51
an infecting organism
and for the blood culture,
00:17:28.52\00:17:31.04
we wanna check
that blood culture
00:17:31.05\00:17:32.87
as the temperature is climbing,
00:17:32.88\00:17:34.46
because that's
when the infecting agent
00:17:34.47\00:17:36.75
is still in the blood.
00:17:36.76\00:17:37.73
If you catch the, if
you did the blood culture
00:17:37.74\00:17:40.45
when the temperature's
decreasing you are less likely
00:17:40.46\00:17:44.16
to get a positive
culture because the agent
00:17:44.17\00:17:46.74
has already been cleared through
00:17:46.75\00:17:48.41
that cycle of
fever and then chills.
00:17:48.42\00:17:54.91
How do fevers
help fight infections?
00:17:54.92\00:17:57.68
Well, one of the
simplest mechanisms of course
00:17:57.69\00:18:00.66
would be the direct
effect of an higher temperature
00:18:00.67\00:18:04.09
being lethal to
bacterial outright.
00:18:04.10\00:18:06.44
And many bacteria do
grow at slower temperatures,
00:18:06.45\00:18:09.41
excuse me, grow slower
at febrile temperatures.
00:18:09.42\00:18:12.59
Some of the strains
of pneumococci are killed
00:18:12.60\00:18:14.58
outright by
temperatures as low as
00:18:14.59\00:18:17.04
41 to 41.5 degrees Celsius.
00:18:17.05\00:18:20.22
Rabbits maintain a
normal temperature around
00:18:20.23\00:18:22.53
39.5 degrees Celsius,
and their fevers can reach
00:18:22.54\00:18:27.04
as high as 42 degrees
Celsius, which would be
00:18:27.05\00:18:29.34
high enough to kill
pneumococci outright.
00:18:29.35\00:18:33.92
Now remember that fever therapy
00:18:33.93\00:18:36.69
was used successful
to resolve many cases
00:18:36.70\00:18:39.11
of neurosyphilis and
resistant forms of gonorrhea.
00:18:39.12\00:18:43.66
Are the febrile
temperatures high enough to kill
00:18:43.67\00:18:46.70
syphilis and gonorrhea outright?
00:18:46.71\00:18:48.88
It's a good question.
00:18:48.89\00:18:50.56
For gonorrhea, the
answer could be yes.
00:18:50.57\00:18:53.72
Gonococci are very sensitive
to temperature elevations
00:18:53.73\00:18:56.75
and they're killed
outright at temperatures
00:18:56.76\00:18:58.44
of 41 to about 40
to 41 degrees Celsius.
00:18:58.45\00:19:02.28
However, the direct
effect of higher temperatures
00:19:02.29\00:19:05.27
is unlikely to be the
mechanism for killing syphilis
00:19:05.28\00:19:09.34
because the amount of
syphilitic spirochetes causing
00:19:09.35\00:19:12.87
Neurosyphilis are only
killed at temperatures over
00:19:12.88\00:19:15.48
41 degrees Celsius.
00:19:15.49\00:19:17.75
But the
temperatures caused by malaria
00:19:17.76\00:19:21.12
very seldom reach
41 degrees Celsius.
00:19:21.13\00:19:23.61
So the beneficial
effect of the malarial fevers
00:19:23.62\00:19:25.95
in the case of
syphilis would not have related
00:19:25.96\00:19:28.37
to the direct effect of
the fever on the syphilis.
00:19:28.38\00:19:33.34
It would have to be related
to a different mechanism,
00:19:33.35\00:19:35.71
that is the fever's
ability to stimulate or turn
00:19:35.72\00:19:39.34
on the immune
system to start working.
00:19:39.35\00:19:42.22
And this is the most
important mechanism by which
00:19:42.23\00:19:43.94
fevers help fight infections,
we're gonna see shortly that
00:19:43.95\00:19:47.26
fevers can
stimulate or turn on the host
00:19:47.27\00:19:49.13
defense mechanisms,
resulting in increased
00:19:49.14\00:19:52.07
antibody production
leukocytes, phagocytosis
00:19:52.08\00:19:55.28
and other mechanisms.
00:19:55.29\00:19:56.56
Thus fevers help the
body fight bacteria such as
00:19:56.57\00:20:00.14
syphilitic
spirochetes and gonococci.
00:20:00.15\00:20:03.82
Other question is, can
fevers help fight viruses?
00:20:03.83\00:20:08.58
Well, we find that
febrile temperatures have
00:20:08.59\00:20:10.77
a direct inhibitory
effect on most viruses.
00:20:10.78\00:20:13.85
Poliovirus is inhabited
by febrile temperatures.
00:20:13.86\00:20:18.14
Poliovirus grown
at higher temperatures
00:20:18.15\00:20:20.94
at a 104 degrees Fahrenheit
were 250 times smaller
00:20:20.95\00:20:25.60
than those grown
at lower temperatures,
00:20:25.61\00:20:27.60
say 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.
00:20:27.61\00:20:31.40
These viruses were
not destroyed by the heat
00:20:31.41\00:20:33.68
but the
development was impaired.
00:20:33.69\00:20:37.69
Febrile temperatures
directly kill or inhabit
00:20:37.70\00:20:40.24
some viruses and bacteria.
00:20:40.25\00:20:42.59
However the fevers
most powerful means
00:20:42.60\00:20:45.16
of killing viruses and bacteria
00:20:45.17\00:20:46.71
is through the
stimulating immune system.
00:20:46.72\00:20:48.81
So let's take a few
moments and let's look at how
00:20:48.82\00:20:51.83
the T-cells and the white cells
00:20:51.84\00:20:55.57
are stimulated by a fever.
00:20:55.58\00:21:00.45
When an infection occurs,
the fevers work to enhance
00:21:00.46\00:21:04.23
T lymphocyte
activation and proliferation,
00:21:04.24\00:21:08.05
these cells are important
in fighting viruses and tumors.
00:21:08.06\00:21:15.02
Studies by Gordon
Duff, Scott Durum at Yale
00:21:15.03\00:21:18.71
show that T-cell
production rate increases
00:21:18.72\00:21:21.11
as much as 20 times
when the temperature elevates
00:21:21.12\00:21:24.90
from 98.6 to 102.
00:21:24.91\00:21:27.94
Massive increase in
production of T-cells
00:21:27.95\00:21:31.08
also lymphocytes are
activated to fight viruses
00:21:31.09\00:21:33.94
more readily at
these higher temperatures.
00:21:33.95\00:21:38.26
Interferons these
are proteins which exert
00:21:38.27\00:21:40.94
antiviral and antitumor,
antibacterial actions,
00:21:40.95\00:21:43.92
very important in
fighting tumors and bacteria.
00:21:43.93\00:21:47.59
When the
temperature is raised from
00:21:47.60\00:21:49.12
102 to 104 the Interferon
becomes more than three times
00:21:49.13\00:21:53.53
as effective in fighting
a virus in a tissue culture.
00:21:53.54\00:21:57.50
Febrile temperatures
dramatically increase
00:21:57.51\00:21:59.86
interferon
production which is stimulated
00:21:59.87\00:22:02.00
by the presence of a virus.
00:22:02.01\00:22:04.49
Interferon itself
appears to be generated,
00:22:04.50\00:22:07.56
to generate fevers through
the production of Interleukin 1.
00:22:07.57\00:22:16.08
What we find is that white cells
00:22:16.09\00:22:18.82
can engulf bacteria and
this is called Phagocytosis.
00:22:18.83\00:22:25.30
The Phagocytic
activity increases
00:22:25.31\00:22:27.87
at higher
temperatures in some studies.
00:22:27.88\00:22:30.88
White cells, which
do the phagocytosis
00:22:30.89\00:22:33.77
are eating the bacteria,
their white cell mobility
00:22:33.78\00:22:37.57
also increases markedly between
00:22:37.58\00:22:38.96
35 and 40 degrees Celsius.
00:22:38.97\00:22:41.35
Some bacteria are
killed more efficiently
00:22:41.36\00:22:43.73
once they're
ingested by the white cells
00:22:43.74\00:22:45.44
at these higher temperatures.
00:22:45.45\00:22:47.63
Many bacteria need
iron to grow and live,
00:22:47.64\00:22:51.81
and at higher temperatures
bacteria's centrifuge system,
00:22:51.82\00:22:55.40
which helps transport
iron into the bacteria
00:22:55.41\00:22:57.54
is compromised,
so they can't bring
00:22:57.55\00:22:59.27
that needed iron into
the bacteria for survival.
00:22:59.28\00:23:02.91
Also during fevers,
white cells release substances
00:23:02.92\00:23:05.27
to bind free serum iron
and to lower its concentration
00:23:05.28\00:23:09.62
thus making it
unavailable to bacteria.
00:23:09.63\00:23:12.34
So fevers actually act
to help starve bacteria
00:23:12.35\00:23:17.58
from the iron that
they so desperately need.
00:23:17.59\00:23:22.32
In chronic
inflammatory diseases,
00:23:22.33\00:23:24.75
anemia with low
iron count is common,
00:23:24.76\00:23:27.99
and is due in
part to this effect.
00:23:28.00\00:23:31.38
Desert iguanas use
this effect to help
00:23:31.39\00:23:33.65
survive an
infection with A hydrophila.
00:23:33.66\00:23:38.36
In those cases there is
a drop in their serum iron
00:23:38.37\00:23:42.20
by as much as 30%,
why would this be helpful,
00:23:42.21\00:23:45.50
well it was found that
the A hydrophila bacteria
00:23:45.51\00:23:48.42
infecting the lizard
has enough iron to eat
00:23:48.43\00:23:52.47
when it's in culture
media, when there is enough iron
00:23:52.48\00:23:56.69
in the culture media.
00:23:56.70\00:23:57.80
Its growth is not
slowed by increasing
00:23:57.81\00:24:01.01
the temperature from 38
to 41 degrees centigrade,
00:24:01.02\00:24:04.61
oh Celsius, excuse me.
00:24:04.62\00:24:05.85
However, if the iron
in the media is decreased
00:24:05.86\00:24:09.48
the bacteria growth
rate is markedly slowed
00:24:09.49\00:24:12.26
by raising the temperature from
00:24:12.27\00:24:13.60
38 to 41 degrees Celsius.
00:24:13.61\00:24:16.01
Thus the lower
iron concentrations
00:24:16.02\00:24:19.11
with the higher
temperature work together
00:24:19.12\00:24:22.16
to starve the hydrophila
of the iron and help kill it.
00:24:22.17\00:24:26.13
Similar results were
found in rabbits infected
00:24:26.14\00:24:28.73
with bacteria as
well, so fevers are helpful
00:24:28.74\00:24:32.79
in bacteria and
viral infections,
00:24:32.80\00:24:34.43
but are they helpful in cancers.
00:24:34.44\00:24:36.92
Fever therapy has some
success as an anti-tumor agent
00:24:36.93\00:24:40.51
according to
articles by Cavaliere in 1967,
00:24:40.52\00:24:46.07
by Suit in 1974,
by Overgaard in 1977,
00:24:46.08\00:24:49.31
and for over a 100
years there has been a length
00:24:49.32\00:24:51.18
between high temperatures
and tumor aggression,
00:24:51.19\00:24:53.55
that's been noted in
the medical literature.
00:24:53.56\00:24:57.41
In 1893, William Coley
started treating cancers
00:24:57.42\00:25:00.48
by infecting
patients with bacteria,
00:25:00.49\00:25:02.43
a streptococcus
species often mixed
00:25:02.44\00:25:04.01
with other species of bacteria.
00:25:04.02\00:25:06.28
He had some success with
this form of cancer therapy,
00:25:06.29\00:25:08.65
either from the
fevers themselves
00:25:08.66\00:25:10.06
or some other effect of the
bacteria on the immune system.
00:25:10.07\00:25:14.20
In what way did these
febrile temperatures work
00:25:14.21\00:25:17.25
to fight cancers?
00:25:17.26\00:25:18.76
Well, high temperatures
have a direct anti-tumor effect
00:25:18.77\00:25:21.25
on many types of tumor
cells, various malignant cells
00:25:21.26\00:25:25.91
when heated to 41
to 43 degrees Celsius
00:25:25.92\00:25:28.42
appear to be
selectively destroyed by heat.
00:25:28.43\00:25:31.31
Several
mechanisms have been found,
00:25:31.32\00:25:33.65
high temperatures do
inhibit the cellular activities
00:25:33.66\00:25:35.97
found in the RNA and the DNA,
00:25:35.98\00:25:38.50
but this is not
restricted just to tumor cells.
00:25:38.51\00:25:41.33
High temperatures
markedly depress various
00:25:41.34\00:25:43.16
metabolic and
respiratory processes of tumors,
00:25:43.17\00:25:46.86
but not healthy cells.
00:25:46.87\00:25:48.30
And that is more
selective toward cancer cells.
00:25:48.31\00:25:51.36
Lysosomes are
intercellular sacs containing
00:25:51.37\00:25:55.31
toxic chemicals,
heat increases the number
00:25:55.32\00:25:57.50
of these
lysosomes in the tumor cells
00:25:57.51\00:25:59.60
and these tumor cell lysosomes
are more sensitive to heat
00:25:59.61\00:26:02.59
than those in the
healthy cells release their
00:26:02.60\00:26:05.34
destructive enzymes
more easily, calling, causing
00:26:05.35\00:26:07.91
the tumor cell
destruction that contains them.
00:26:07.92\00:26:11.59
This process can defend
against intercellular viruses.
00:26:11.60\00:26:15.99
However, I believe
the most important role
00:26:16.00\00:26:17.52
of febrile
temperatures in cancers is to,
00:26:17.53\00:26:19.78
is its ability to stimulate
00:26:19.79\00:26:20.80
immune system as noted earlier.
00:26:20.81\00:26:23.01
Let me ask if hyperthermia
is being used today?
00:26:23.02\00:26:25.62
Yes, it is. Duke University,
Dr. Dewhirst is using it
00:26:25.63\00:26:29.84
to heat up tumors
locally, they apply microwaves
00:26:29.85\00:26:32.65
to an area before
applying or giving chemotherapy
00:26:32.66\00:26:36.37
and this does
improve the survival rate
00:26:36.38\00:26:40.04
at Charite
Hospital in Berlin, Germany.
00:26:40.05\00:26:45.01
Dr. Whirst is using it
to treat tumors locally,
00:26:45.02\00:26:49.14
they use local hyperthermia,
heat up the tumor locally
00:26:49.15\00:26:52.15
and again this is
used with chemotherapy
00:26:52.16\00:26:54.74
and it does improve survival.
00:26:54.75\00:26:57.01
In China it is been
shown to double survival,
00:26:57.02\00:26:59.74
they are using it
to heat tumors locally
00:26:59.75\00:27:02.14
and again in
conjunction with chemotherapy,
00:27:02.15\00:27:05.06
they're using for
pancreatic cancers,
00:27:05.07\00:27:06.84
head and neck cancers,
00:27:06.85\00:27:08.53
and non-small-cell
carcinoma of the lungs.
00:27:08.54\00:27:14.29
It's also being used at
00:27:14.30\00:27:17.09
University of Texas at Houston,
00:27:17.10\00:27:19.23
they don't use local
hyperthermia but whole
00:27:19.24\00:27:21.35
body
hyperthermia under anesthesia,
00:27:21.36\00:27:24.46
and they apply chemotherapy
and this improves their
00:27:24.47\00:27:27.09
success rate as well.
00:27:27.10\00:27:28.95
At Eden Valley,
we use a whole body
00:27:28.96\00:27:31.82
hyperthermia and a water tank,
00:27:31.83\00:27:34.62
we use it with minimal expense,
00:27:34.63\00:27:37.08
these are simple remedies
that can be used at home,
00:27:37.09\00:27:40.31
body temperature is raised.
00:27:40.32\00:27:41.31
And we've also been able
to give intravenous Vitamin C
00:27:42.31\00:27:45.35
with this as well as
nutritional supplements
00:27:45.36\00:27:47.77
to help the body
fight the cancers,
00:27:47.78\00:27:51.58
strengthen the immune system
and stimulate it to action.
00:27:51.59\00:27:56.22
We hope that you can
remember the benefits of fever
00:27:56.23\00:28:01.20
in fighting local
infections and again,
00:28:01.21\00:28:04.49
consider allowing
temperatures to run,
00:28:04.50\00:28:06.94
keeping children comfortable
00:28:06.95\00:28:08.05
when they have
fevers. Thank you.
00:28:08.06\00:28:10.40