The Arctic is the most northerly
region of the planet earth
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and covers 16th of
the earth's surface.
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People usually define the
arctic as the area above the
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Arctic Circle, an imaginary
line that circles around the
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top of the globe. The arctic
consists of the Arctic Ocean,
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parts of Canada, Russia,
the USA, Queensland, Norway,
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Finland, Sweden, and Iceland.
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Winter in the
arctic means short days,
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and at least once a year there's
an entire day of darkness
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in this freezing region. And
it sure gets freezing out here.
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Temperatures as low as
-70 degrees Celsius have been
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recorded in the arctic.
Yet despite the freezing cold
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temperatures, people live here
and call this wintry wonderland
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home. Amongst these are the
indigenous people of Lapland
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called the Sami, they've
adapted to the cold weather
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and have found ingenious
ways to survive in one of the
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harshest
environments on our planet,
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this includes domesticating
and farming reindeer
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The Sami have practiced
traditional reindeer herding
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for centuries. Reindeer herding
is more than just a profession
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to the Sami, it's a way of life.
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The Sami are known as the
people who walk with reindeer.
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But they not only walk with
reindeer, they also rest with
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them and they bring us a
reminder of an important message
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from our ancient past.
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A message we will do well to
remember in our modern world.
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So, join me and the Sami
herders as we walk with reindeer
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to find out all about it.
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It's the middle of
winter in Finnish Lapland
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the days are short and
the temperature today is about
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20 degrees below zero.
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Lapland is located in
the very north of Finland
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deep inside the Arctic Circle
and borders Sweden, Norway,
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and Russia.
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This place dishes up the
stuff of a real arctic winter
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wonderland like snow-dusted
forests, cozy log cabins, aurora
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borealis, the Northern Lights,
and a population that's made up
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of more reindeer than people.
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And these reindeer are perfectly
designed for living up here
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in one of the
coldest places on earth.
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To begin with, they
are very well insulated
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they have some pretty
clever ways of keeping warm,
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for example, they grow a thick
coat with two layers of hair.
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A dense undercoat and then
an outer layer of hollow hairs.
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That final layer traps
the air and provides excellent
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insulation, it ensures that
they retain their body heat.
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In fact, it's so
effective at keeping in heat
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reindeer can even lie down
in the snow and not cause it to
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melt. Then reindeer have
distinctively shaped skulls
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and have a broader and
flatter muzzle than just deer.
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Their noses are specially
adapted to warm the air
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that they breathe
before it enters their lungs,
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this helps them maintain
their core body temperature.
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Even their hooves are special,
in summer when the ground is wet
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the footpads on their
wide splayed hooves soften
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and become thick and
spongy providing extra grip
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to help them keep their
footing on the soft tundra.
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Then in winter the footpad
tightens and shrinks back
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exposing the rim of the
hoof that grips and provides
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traction in the
slippery snow and ice.
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Even their eyes change
color between summer and winter
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to adapt to the widely varying
levels of light in the far
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north. Their eye color changes
from yellow-green in summer
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to dark blue in winter.
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Due to the extremely
limited amount of light up here
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in winter, reindeers eyes
need to be much more sensitive
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to the light than in summer.
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The blue color during the
darkest months of the year
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help scatter more incoming light
and results in better vision.
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Reindeer are the only mammals
that can see ultraviolet light
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this ability lets them see
things in the icy white of the
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arctic that others would miss.
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With all these unique
and wonderful attributes
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reindeer thrive in
these freezing conditions
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and in a place where
cattle and sheep cannot survive,
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they are valuable to people.
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The reindeer is the only
domesticated deer in the world
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and the people who first
domesticated them here in
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Lapland were the Sami people.
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The Sami are Scandinavia's
only indigenous people
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and they inhabit areas around
the arctic circle in Norway,
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Russia, Sweden, and
Lapland, here in Finland.
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There are about 100,000
Sami scattered throughout this
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region. The Sami people
have been herding reindeer for
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centuries and there at the very
heart of traditional Sami life
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and culture reindeer are a
way of life for the Sami people.
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There are more than
7,000 reindeer herders here
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known traditionally as Bode
"siiddat" or reindeer-walkers
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and that's exactly what
herders once did following the
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fast-paced animals on foot or
wooden skis as they sought out
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the best grazing grounds
over hundreds of kilometers
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of terrain. Modern-day
herding is a mix of traditional
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skills and land-use
and motorized herding.
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Instead of walking or skiing,
the herders now often rely
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on expensive all-terrain
vehicles and snowmobiles
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to keep up with
the demands of herding.
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But the Sami and some of the
most tenacious people on earth,
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the cowboys and
cowgirls of the tundra.
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Deeply in tune with nature
and able to move and guide
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huge herds of reindeer
during brutal winters over vast
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expanses of tundra.
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Here in Lapland, the
Sami herders schedule is not
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governed by time in
the movement of the sun,
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but is tied to
something far more important,
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the movement of the reindeer.
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The yearly cycle of the
reindeer determines everything,
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in late April through to
June, the majority of reindeer
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calves a bull, after that
the reindeer are released to the
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summer pastures and
allowed to roam freely.
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Then in mid to late June
the reindeer are gathered for
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calf-marking. Round-ups
are carried out in the specific
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reindeer cooperative
locations or herding districts
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where the herds are counted,
the new calves are marked,
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with distinct earmarks
that identify their owners.
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And then the reindeer
are released to roam freely
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until autumn in small
herds ranging in size from a few
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animals to hundreds at a time.
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In the autumn the reindeer mate
after which they are collected
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into reindeer
corals and separated.
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The respective owners determine
what animals will be butchered?
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ownerships are re-affirmed
and the animals to be kept
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are counted. The work at the
corals often involves extended
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families and networks and some-
times whole villages can be
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involved. After separating
the animals, they move to
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winter pastures, in modern
times the reindeer herders
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supplement the natural liken
pastures with artificial fodder.
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After separating more animals
for selling, additional corals
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are organized to determine
ownership and group attachment
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of each reindeer. Then
the animals are moved to
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spring pastures and
the reindeer yearly cycle
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begins again. And that's
what's happening right now,
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the reindeer are being
released from the corals and the
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Sami herders are moving
them to the spring pastures.
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It's easy to understand why
reindeer are revered in Sami
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culture. For thousands of
years these magnificent animals
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have adapted so perfectly to
the freezing arctic conditions,
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have provided Sami families
with everything they need,
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food, clothing, accommodations,
transport, money, tools and
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weapons. Reindeer are at the
very heart of traditional Sami
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life and culture, reindeer
are a part of the Sami peoples
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very identity. They say
that one of the best ways to
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get to know society is through
language and this is certainly
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true of the Sami people,
the close relationship with
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their reindeer is
reflected in their language.
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It's estimated that there
are about 1,000 Sami words
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devoted to reindeer
appearance, behavior and habits.
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Many of the words
are unique and colorful,
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for example, take the word
Poronkusema, it's an old fashion
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Sami measurement, it's the
distance a reindeer can walk
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or pull a sleigh before it needs
a rest-stop, a comfort stop.
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Reindeer can't travel
too far without answering the
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call of nature, they must
have a rest stop every 71/2 km
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so that they can urinate.
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So when the Sami are walking
with reindeer, they have to
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stop and rest every 71/2
km, then there's the Sami word
00:11:40.30\00:11:46.20
Peninkulma refers to the
distance a barking Lap reindeer
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dog can be heard in still air.
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The Sami people have bred these
dogs for herding and guarding
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their reindeer and on a
still night, their shrill bark
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can be heard for a distance
of 10 km across the tundra,
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that distance is
called Peninkulma.
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These two old fashioned
Sami measurements certainly are
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unique and fascinating. However
most of the Sami measurements
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to do with distance are
related to the human body.
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For the Sami, the human body
ruled when it came to measuring
00:12:27.61\00:12:32.91
just as it did for
most ancient civilizations.
00:12:32.95\00:12:36.62
For example, the Sami had
measurements that are very
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similar to the old
imperial system of measurements
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which is also
based on the human body.
00:12:44.56\00:12:47.70
An inch is the width of a
man's thumb, the Sami called it
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a Tuuma, a span is the length
between the tip of the little
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finger to the tip of the thumb
when the hand is stretched out,
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the Sami called it a Vaaksa,
a foot is the length of an
00:13:03.38\00:13:08.52
average man's foot,
the Sami word is Jalka.
00:13:08.55\00:13:12.29
And it's not just the Sami
in early English that's used the
00:13:12.32\00:13:16.93
body as a
standard for measurements
00:13:16.96\00:13:18.89
that's how people have measured
things for thousands of years
00:13:18.93\00:13:23.67
dating right back to
the third millennia B.C.
00:13:23.70\00:13:27.44
The early Egyptian and
Babylonian records indicate that
00:13:27.47\00:13:34.14
length was first measured with a
forearm, hand, finger, and foot,
00:13:34.18\00:13:38.95
even the very earliest
civilizations needed measurement
00:13:38.98\00:13:43.69
for purposes of agriculture,
construction, and trade.
00:13:43.72\00:13:48.42
Using the body as a standard
for measurement was simple
00:13:48.46\00:13:52.59
and convenient. Early standard
units might have only applied
00:13:52.63\00:13:58.77
to a single community, or a
small region with every area
00:13:58.80\00:14:03.71
developing its own standards
of measurements for length
00:14:03.74\00:14:07.54
and weight. But with the
development of manufacturing
00:14:07.58\00:14:12.11
technologies and the growing
importance of trade between
00:14:12.15\00:14:15.92
communities and
ultimately across the earth,
00:14:15.95\00:14:18.75
standardized weights and
measures became critical.
00:14:18.79\00:14:22.86
In the 18th century modernized
simplified and uniform systems
00:14:22.89\00:14:28.83
of weights and
measures were developed.
00:14:28.86\00:14:31.83
The metric system was officially
adopted by France in 1799
00:14:31.87\00:14:36.91
and over the 19th and
20th centuries, it became the
00:14:36.94\00:14:41.31
dominant system world-wide.
Although several countries
00:14:41.34\00:14:45.61
including the United States
and China continue to use their
00:14:45.65\00:14:49.92
own customary units.
00:14:49.95\00:14:51.75
Although there have been a great
variety of different systems
00:14:51.79\00:14:56.59
of measuring distance
over the course of history,
00:14:56.62\00:14:59.16
the measurement of time
has been far more uniform
00:14:59.19\00:15:03.40
and standardized around the
world, even her in Lap land.
00:15:03.43\00:15:08.17
The oldest clock was
most likely planet earth,
00:15:08.20\00:15:13.84
historically the large units
of time were measured by the
00:15:13.88\00:15:18.51
movement of the earth in
relation to the sun, moon,
00:15:18.55\00:15:22.02
and stars. So, there's the year
which is determined by the time
00:15:22.05\00:15:27.46
it takes the earth to complete
one full orbit around the sun.
00:15:27.49\00:15:32.13
Then there's the month, which
is based on how long it takes
00:15:32.16\00:15:36.30
the moon to orbit the
earth. And there's the day,
00:15:36.33\00:15:40.04
which is the time it takes the
earth to rotate once on its own
00:15:40.07\00:15:44.51
axis. Then the day is subdivided
into 24 hours, and hour into
00:15:44.54\00:15:51.18
60 minutes, and finally
a minute into 60 seconds,
00:15:51.21\00:15:55.35
so, all of our major time
measurements are related to the
00:15:55.38\00:15:59.69
movement of the heavenly bodies.
00:15:59.72\00:16:02.09
All of them with one exception
the week. The week is unique,
00:16:02.12\00:16:09.10
in that, it's our only major
time unit that isn't connected
00:16:09.13\00:16:13.84
to the movement of
the heavenly bodies.
00:16:13.87\00:16:16.30
The week is a period of
seven days, a unit of time
00:16:16.34\00:16:20.68
that has no astronomical
basis whatever yet we order our
00:16:20.71\00:16:25.95
lives in a seven-day cycle.
The seven day week is one of the
00:16:25.98\00:16:31.85
most durable phenomena
in History, it's universal
00:16:31.89\00:16:35.72
and virtually in every nation
and civilization on the planet
00:16:35.76\00:16:39.66
throughout history, you'll find
people living out their lives
00:16:39.69\00:16:44.83
to the rhythm of the
wake, even here in Lapland.
00:16:44.87\00:16:49.47
The week is one of the
most important calendar units in
00:16:49.50\00:16:53.94
our lives. How did this
7-day cycle become so popular,
00:16:53.98\00:16:59.41
so universal, and come to
occupy such an important place
00:16:59.45\00:17:04.32
in our minds and our calendars?
00:17:04.35\00:17:06.59
How did it become such an
important rhythm of human life?
00:17:06.62\00:17:11.06
Where did it originate?
00:17:11.09\00:17:14.10
Well, the origin of the week
has long baffled anthropologists
00:17:14.13\00:17:19.57
and scholars of ancient history
but now amazing new discoveries
00:17:19.60\00:17:24.71
in the scientific world are
shedding light on this mystery.
00:17:24.74\00:17:29.11
The relatively new science
of chronobiology has uncovered
00:17:29.14\00:17:33.95
some totally unexpected
facts about living things.
00:17:33.98\00:17:37.99
Now chronobiology is a field
of biology that studies how
00:17:38.02\00:17:43.69
body's natural cycles,
mental, physical, and emotional,
00:17:43.73\00:17:47.86
are affected by the
solar and lunar rhythms.
00:17:47.90\00:17:51.83
We've known for a long time
that our bodies operate on a
00:17:51.87\00:17:57.41
circadian or daily rhythm
as well as monthly and annual
00:17:57.44\00:18:01.98
rhythm, but Chrono biologists
have only recently discovered
00:18:02.01\00:18:07.62
seven-day cycles or circumspect
cycles written into our biology
00:18:07.65\00:18:12.85
and what's especially
interesting is that this
00:18:12.89\00:18:17.03
7- day cycle is the central
rhythm by which all other
00:18:17.06\00:18:21.60
circadian rhythms in our bodies
are tuned or orchestrated.
00:18:21.63\00:18:26.03
In fact our blood pressure
cycle, coping hormone cycle,
00:18:26.07\00:18:32.14
immune response to infections,
production of blood and urine
00:18:32.17\00:18:36.34
chemicals, our heartbeat,
the common cold and even our
00:18:36.38\00:18:40.95
mood or general state of mind
all operate on a 7-day cycle.
00:18:40.98\00:18:46.39
There's even evidence of a
7- day cycle in the formation
00:18:46.42\00:18:52.16
of our tooth enamel. The 7-day
weekly cycle is embedded in our
00:18:52.19\00:18:57.87
genes, but it's not only written
into the biology of humans
00:18:57.90\00:19:02.27
the 7-day cycle is also found
in animals, plants, and insects.
00:19:02.30\00:19:08.24
Experiments conducted by leading
scientists prove that 7-day
00:19:08.28\00:19:14.62
cycles govern fundamental
aspects in the lives of flies,
00:19:14.65\00:19:19.35
rats, bees, and even primitive
algae. Amazing as it may seem,
00:19:19.39\00:19:26.49
we were all created with
a 7- day biorhythmic cycle
00:19:26.53\00:19:31.90
built into us from complex
humans down to simple bacteria
00:19:31.93\00:19:36.87
and one-cell organisms. Science
proves that the 7- day weekly
00:19:36.91\00:19:42.91
cycle is etched deeply into our
DNA and life on planet earth.
00:19:42.94\00:19:48.98
What explains these
7-day or weekly rhythms?
00:19:49.02\00:19:55.46
Well, simply this, the seven
day week was established by
00:19:55.49\00:20:01.00
God Himself right back
at the creation of the world
00:20:01.03\00:20:05.70
and that 7-day cycle was
etched into mankind's DNA,
00:20:05.73\00:20:10.01
mankind's
consciousness, way back there.
00:20:10.04\00:20:13.51
The most conclusive evidence
we have in history, philosophy,
00:20:13.54\00:20:19.01
and science for the
establishment of the global
00:20:19.05\00:20:22.42
week and the 7-day cycle is the
Bible account of the creation
00:20:22.45\00:20:27.69
of the world. There, God created
everything in the world in
00:20:27.72\00:20:33.23
6- days and then rested on
the 7th, this provided the model
00:20:33.26\00:20:38.23
for culture, societies,
and civilizations all around
00:20:38.27\00:20:43.17
the world. Here's what it
says in the first two chapters
00:20:43.20\00:20:47.28
of the book of Genesis.
00:20:47.31\00:20:49.01
By the 7th-day God had finished
the work He had been doing
00:21:09.06\00:21:14.24
so on the 7th-day, He
rested from all His work
00:21:14.27\00:21:18.37
then God blessed the
7th-day and made it holy
00:21:18.41\00:21:22.88
because on it He rested from
all the work of creating that
00:21:22.91\00:21:27.78
He had done. There
it is, sure and simple,
00:21:27.82\00:21:32.15
God created the weekly 7-day
cycle when He made the world,
00:21:32.19\00:21:37.26
it's rooted in a created order
and it's etched into our DNA.
00:21:37.29\00:21:42.86
It's the cycle humans were
designed to function best on
00:21:42.90\00:21:47.44
work the first six-day of the
week and rest on the seventh.
00:21:47.47\00:21:52.77
God placed the 7-day cycle in
our body chemistry at creation,
00:21:52.81\00:21:58.85
God created life to live on a
7-day cycle, that's the rhythm
00:21:58.88\00:22:05.02
we're made for that's best
for us and to help us remember
00:22:05.05\00:22:09.36
that, God, placed this formula
for optimum living right in the
00:22:09.39\00:22:14.30
very heart of
the Ten Commandments,
00:22:14.33\00:22:16.63
the ten principles He gave us to
live by. Here's what God said.
00:22:16.67\00:22:22.67
The fourth commandment calls
us to remember our origins.
00:22:51.77\00:22:56.57
You see, it's not only reindeer
that need to take a break
00:22:56.60\00:23:00.94
and have a rest, so do we, and
God designed us to function best
00:23:00.98\00:23:07.15
on the 7-day cycle. To work
the first 6-days of the week
00:23:07.18\00:23:11.99
and rest on the seventh day
00:23:12.02\00:23:15.29
Now, down through history
people have tried to change
00:23:15.32\00:23:19.93
this God-given cycle, they've
tried to break the 7-day cycle
00:23:19.96\00:23:24.53
and change the length of
the week but with disastrous
00:23:24.57\00:23:28.64
results. The French
tried to change the 7-day cycle
00:23:28.67\00:23:33.14
in 1793 just after the French
Revolution, France adopted a
00:23:33.17\00:23:39.31
10-day week in an attempt
to increase productivity.
00:23:39.35\00:23:43.99
During these years French
society saw a stark increase
00:23:44.02\00:23:48.89
in injuries, exhaustion, illness
and work animals that collapsed
00:23:48.92\00:23:54.90
and died at astounding rates.
00:23:54.93\00:23:57.70
Back then, people
attempted to operate on a rhythm
00:23:57.73\00:24:02.47
other than the one they were
designed for and the results
00:24:02.50\00:24:06.71
were disastrous.
00:24:06.74\00:24:08.51
The Soviet Union and other
societies have tried similar
00:24:08.54\00:24:13.92
changes to the 7-day weekly
cycle, but like the French
00:24:13.95\00:24:18.85
found they didn't work and
soon all reverted back to the
00:24:18.89\00:24:23.63
original God-given 7-day model.
00:24:23.66\00:24:26.70
Humans function best when
we live out our lives to the
00:24:26.73\00:24:32.43
rhythm of the week, the
7-day cycle, that's the way, God
00:24:32.47\00:24:36.77
designed us. God created
the weekly cycle at creation
00:24:36.81\00:24:41.71
when He made the
world and that 7-day cycle
00:24:41.74\00:24:45.45
is etched into our DNA.
00:24:45.48\00:24:47.98
God made the 7-day of the
week a rest day specifically
00:24:48.02\00:24:53.82
for our well-being. God designed
every 7th-day as a rest day
00:24:53.86\00:24:59.49
for us and we would be
wise to recognize this God-given
00:24:59.53\00:25:04.43
cycle, this weekly cycle
that's built into our bodies
00:25:04.47\00:25:08.87
and our environment.
00:25:08.90\00:25:10.24
This is the way
life works best for us.
00:25:10.27\00:25:14.28
As scientists are discovering
living rhythmically leads to a
00:25:14.31\00:25:20.52
healthier and happier
life. If everything around us
00:25:20.55\00:25:24.59
functions to the natural
rhythms of the weekly 7-day
00:25:24.62\00:25:28.42
cycle, wouldn't it be
wise for us to do so as well?
00:25:28.46\00:25:32.96
To work for the first six
days of the week and rest on the
00:25:32.99\00:25:37.10
seventh? This allows us to
tune into our body's rhythm
00:25:37.13\00:25:42.14
and to perform at
our peak every day.
00:25:42.17\00:25:46.78
If you'd like to find
out more about God's plan
00:25:48.91\00:25:52.98
to provide rest for our
busy lives in this modern world,
00:25:53.01\00:25:57.02
if you'd like to perform
at your peak, if you'd like to
00:25:57.05\00:26:00.96
experience inner peace and
happiness, then I'd like to
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recommend the Free
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Phone or text 0436.333.555
in Australia or 020.422.2042
00:26:41.70\00:26:49.04
in New Zealand, or
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00:26:49.07\00:26:54.08
or simply scan the
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00:27:00.88\00:27:06.52
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00:27:06.55\00:27:14.00
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00:27:14.03\00:27:17.80
call or text us now.
00:27:17.83\00:27:19.27
Be sure to join us again next
week when we'll share another
00:27:19.30\00:27:27.38
of Life's Journey's together.
Until then, let's ask God
00:27:27.41\00:27:31.91
to lead us to find real
peace and meaning in our lives
00:27:31.95\00:27:36.45
and lasting
happiness. Let's pray.
00:27:36.48\00:27:39.49
Dear Heavenly Father,
00:27:39.52\00:27:41.72
We all face challenges in life,
we live in a busy stressful
00:27:41.76\00:27:46.39
world and we often struggle
to find true rest and peace.
00:27:46.43\00:27:51.47
But Lord, you have a plan
to provide the rest and peace
00:27:51.50\00:27:56.17
we need, you've even
embedded it in our DNA.
00:27:56.20\00:28:00.24
Father, guide us to
this weekly seventh-day rest
00:28:00.28\00:28:05.51
that you've provided. And
give us peace and happiness
00:28:05.55\00:28:09.28
now and forever.
We pray in Jesus name.
00:28:09.32\00:28:13.99
Amen!
00:28:14.02\00:28:15.76