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In August 1799 a warship sailed
away from the coast of Egypt.
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On board was Napoleon Bonaparte
with a small party of officers.
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Little more than a year earlier
Napoleon had invaded Egypt with
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a powerful fleet and a large
army. Napoleon had hoped to make
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Egypt a French possession so
that he could move on to attack
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the British in India. But
the British Admiral Nelson had
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destroyed his naval fleet
and now defeated Napoleon was
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leaving his army behind. His
military adventure turned out to
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be an absolute disaster. It was
a complete failure in every way.
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Every way but one. You see while
the French army was in Egypt
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one of the soldiers made an
incredible discovery. He found
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an ancient stone inscription
that unlocked the mysteries of a
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long lost empire. Join me
as we follow archeologists and
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linguists as they decode this
strange inscription and reveal
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the secrets of ancient Egypt.
And together we'll listen to
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civilizations long dead
speak with thunder tones to our
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generation. And there may even
be a message from the past for
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you and me.
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¤ ¤
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This is the world's longest
river. The Nile flows around
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6700 kilometers from its source
in equatorial Africa to the
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Mediterranean Sea covering 1/10
of the earth's circumference and
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passing through nine countries.
Today, as for thousands of years
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the central fact of life for the
Egyptian people is this river,
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The Nile. Without the Nile there
would be no Egypt as we know it.
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You see the land of Egypt is 96
percent desert. Less than four
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percent of its total land area
is productive. All the rest is
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dry, barren desert. To the
ancient Egyptians this river was
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the source of life and
civilization began along its
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banks. Great religions were born
here. Even the Bible story, its
00:03:00.58\00:03:05.28
first writer, Moses, was plucked
from the waters of the Nile as
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an infant and reared by an
Egyptian princess. This mighty
00:03:09.75\00:03:14.69
River enters southern Egypt
and flows past the magnificent
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monuments of Abu Simbel, the
majestic temples of Luxor, the
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fabled Valley of the Kings
with its 64 royal tombs and the
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enormous pyramids of Giza.
Finally, it makes a grand sweep
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past the little town of Rosetta
also, known as Rashid, and ends
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its journey at the Mediterranean
Sea Now it was here at Rosetta
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near the mouth of the Nile that
one of archeology's greatest
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discoveries was made. In fact,
one of the greatest discoveries
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in all history. Here's how
it happened. Napoleon Bonaparte
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invaded Egypt in 1798.
Accompanying his army was a team
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of 175 French scientists and
artists. They were there to map
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the land and study the
mysterious monuments of Egypt.
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Strange hieroglyphic picture
writing on the temple walls and
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monuments looked down on
Napoleon's men. This fascinating
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picture writing can be seen
today etched everywhere on the
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huge columns and blocks of stone
Yet not a person in Egypt or in
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all the world, for that
matter, could read these strange
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inscriptions. In fact, for 15
centuries the knowledge of this
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writing was lost to civilization
Men had gazed fascinated upon
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Egyptian hieroglyphs without
understanding their meaning.
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The ancient Egyptians were
a mystery because no one could
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read their hieroglyphic writing.
But in 1799 one of Napoleon's
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officers was supervising the
restoration of Fort Rosetta on
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banks of the Nile delta. As
he was digging a trench, he came
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upon an unusual stone just over
a meter high, three quarters of
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a meter wide and weighing 762
kilos with inscriptions engraved
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on it. He immediately realized
that he had discovered something
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special and that it was
important to the scientists
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accompanying the French army in
Egypt and he certainly was right
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The discovery of this slab
of black basalt now known as the
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Rosetta Stone marked the
beginning of modern archeology.
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It was the key which unlocked
the puzzle of ancient Egyptian
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writing. In fact, the Rosetta
Stone is probably the most
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important archeological artifact
in the world today. After the
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defeat of Napoleon and the
French surrender of Egypt in
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1801, the Rosetta Stone was
brought to London as a prize of
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war and taken to the British
Museum. The Rosetta Stone was
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part of the decree issued by the
new king Ptolemy V, King of all
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Egypt in 196 B.C. The text
contains a decree establishing
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a cult in the temples in
Evana. What is said is of little
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importance. The important
thing is that its message was
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inscribed in three languages.
Yes, the same message was
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repeated three times in three
different languages. At the top
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of this stone are 14 lines
of hieroglyphics. Then in the
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middle 32 lines of a sort of
Egyptian handwriting, Demotic,
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and finally at the bottom 54
lines of Greek. The three forms
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of writing repeated the same
message. Since the Greek was
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easily understood it was just a
matter of matching up the Greek
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against the hieroglyphs. Now
this may not seem a difficult
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task but try as they would
no one could make progress in
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reading the ancient Egyptian
hieroglyphs. The Rosetta Stone
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sat in the British Museum for
decades. No one could decipher
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it. No one could crack the
hieroglyphic code. No one that
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is except a brilliant young
French linguist Jean-Francois
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Champollion. He was just nine
years old when the Rosetta Stone
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was first discovered.
But by then he was already an
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accomplished linguist and
was fluent in Greek, Latin and
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Hebrew. By his mid-teens,
Champollion had mastered a
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further six ancient oriental
languages. Then he turned his
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attention to the Rosetta Stone
and devoted all his energy to
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cracking the hieroglyphic code.
It became his passion. He was
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determined to read and
understand it. He worked from
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the known to the unknown. From
the Greek, which he knew and
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understood, to the demotic
and to the hieroglyphs. Suddenly
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after years of exhausting and
detailed study Champollion saw
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the true explanation of the
strange picture writing in the
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autumn of 1822. Until then he
had thought hieroglyphs had some
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sort of symbolic meaning used as
letters only to write for a name
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But now he recognized that the
signs were used for sounds as
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well as words. The key lay in
the cartouches or oblong circles
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of Egyptian hieroglyphs
representing the names of the
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kings found throughout the
Rosetta Stone. Within days he
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successfully made sense of many
kings' names. It was quite clear
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he had deciphered the
hieroglyphs correctly. And he
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announced his discovery in Paris
on the 17th of September 1822.
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He'd done it. Finally
Champollion had cracked the
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hieroglyphic code, perhaps the
greatest code in history. The
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ancient mystery of hieroglyphs
had been solved. Until the
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discovery of the Rosetta Stone
and the work of Champollion
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no one had been able to read
the ancient hieroglyphic writing
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which could be seen everywhere
on the walls of the tombs and
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temples of ancient Egypt.
We knew nothing of the ancient
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Egyptians. But now the ability
to read the ancient Egyptian
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language as it was written in
the days of the ancient pharaohs
00:10:04.10\00:10:07.07
unlocked the vast treasures of a
forgotten civilization. The door
00:10:07.10\00:10:12.61
to the past was now open. And
as archeologists and linguists
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began to read the hieroglyphs
on the tombs, temples and
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monuments of ancient Egypt
and as they studied the ancient
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inscriptions to their amazement
they found that they correlated
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with the Bible record and shed
light on the Bible narrative.
00:10:31.29\00:10:35.43
In fact, they found things
exactly as the Bible says they
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were. For example, at the Giza
plateau near the great pyramids
00:10:41.37\00:10:46.34
the mysterious Sphinx is
found crouching in the sand. The
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Sphinx is considered to be the
greatest statue on earth. It was
00:10:51.18\00:10:55.68
carved out of one piece of solid
limestone bedrock. Between the
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paws of the Sphinx is an
impressive stone monument. Its
00:11:00.99\00:11:05.33
hieroglyph text tells of the day
the Sphinx supposedly spoke. The
00:11:05.36\00:11:11.47
inscription records how Thutmose
IV unexpectedly became Pharaoh.
00:11:11.50\00:11:17.57
One day when he was on a hunting
expedition he stopped to rest in
00:11:17.61\00:11:22.88
the shade of the Sphinx. As
he did so he claimed the Sphinx
00:11:22.91\00:11:27.85
spoke to him and told him
he would become the pharaoh of
00:11:27.88\00:11:32.29
Egypt. When this came true he
cleared the sand away that was
00:11:32.32\00:11:36.26
covering the Sphinx and put this
memorial between its paws that's
00:11:36.29\00:11:40.93
still here today. It's an
obvious attempt to legitimize
00:11:40.96\00:11:45.73
his claim to the royal throne.
It's quite evident that Thutmose
00:11:45.77\00:11:50.81
IV never expected to become king
His father was on the throne
00:11:50.84\00:11:55.08
and his older brother was the
crown prince next in line for
00:11:55.11\00:11:59.21
the throne. However, both
his older brother and his father
00:11:59.25\00:12:03.69
disappeared from the scene
of action about the same time.
00:12:03.72\00:12:07.82
What could possibly have
happened to the king and the
00:12:07.86\00:12:11.96
rightful heir, the crown prince?
Well this inscription was placed
00:12:11.99\00:12:17.37
here about the time the
descendants of Abraham, the
00:12:17.40\00:12:21.57
Israelites left Egypt. At
the time of the Biblical exodus
00:12:21.60\00:12:25.34
you'll remember that 10 dreadful
plagues fell upon Egypt. The
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last of these plagues destroyed
the firstborn child of every
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Egyptian family including the
firstborn son of Pharaoh. This
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is how the Bible describes it in
Exodus chapter 12 verses 29 and
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30...
00:12:47.56\00:13:13.39
And so it seems that Thutmose IV
came to the throne unexpectedly
00:13:13.42\00:13:19.86
when his older brother the crown
prince was slain in the 10th
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plague and his father the ruling
Pharaoh drowned in the Red Sea
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as he chased the
Israelites. It's amazing how the
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hieroglyphic inscriptions
and the discoveries of modern
00:13:35.51\00:13:39.55
archeology confirms the ancient
Bible story. That's true of many
00:13:39.58\00:13:45.32
sites in Egypt. About 200
km south of Giza at Beni Hasan
00:13:45.35\00:13:50.79
there are 39 rock tombs that
are cut into the limestone cliff
00:13:50.83\00:13:55.93
These tombs belong to nobles
who ruled this Egyptian province
00:13:55.96\00:14:01.00
about 4000 years ago. Each tomb
is cut out of solid rock. The
00:14:01.04\00:14:08.14
walls of these tombs are covered
with magnificent paintings and
00:14:08.18\00:14:13.18
hieroglyphic inscriptions.
Of special interest is the
00:14:13.21\00:14:17.25
beautiful tomb of Khnumhotep.
He was the province's most
00:14:17.29\00:14:21.52
important official, the
governor of the eastern desert.
00:14:21.56\00:14:25.79
A painting in his tomb shows
a group of Semites from Canaan
00:14:25.83\00:14:31.23
arriving in Egypt. It shows the
clothes they wore, the kind of
00:14:31.27\00:14:35.34
footwear they had and the
musical instruments they played.
00:14:35.37\00:14:38.87
These tombs date back to
the days of Abraham, Isaac, and
00:14:38.91\00:14:45.15
Jacob It was common for people
from Canaan to visit Egypt to
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barter for corn in times of
famine just as the Bible says
00:14:50.22\00:14:55.12
the Israelites did in the time
of Jacob. Here's what the Bible
00:14:55.16\00:14:59.59
says in Genesis
chapter 42 verses 1-3:...
00:14:59.63\00:15:26.22
This painting is one of many
that clearly shows that life in
00:15:26.25\00:15:30.49
ancient Egypt was very much as
indicated in the Bible. Yes. As
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archeologists study the
hieroglyphs and uncover the past
00:15:36.60\00:15:40.04
here in Egypt, they
are discovering monuments,
00:15:40.07\00:15:43.67
inscriptions, people, and places
that demonstrate the accuracy
00:15:43.71\00:15:49.28
and reliability of the Bible.
Further south along the Nile at
00:15:49.31\00:15:59.39
ancient Thebes, now modern Luxor
a double row avenue of round
00:15:59.42\00:16:03.99
headed sphinx leads to the great
Temple of Karnak. This is the
00:16:04.03\00:16:09.26
largest temple complex ever
built. To enter we pass through
00:16:09.30\00:16:14.97
a gateway that's 43 meters high.
And then beyond the first court
00:16:15.00\00:16:20.31
we enter the famous
hypostyle hall, one of the most
00:16:20.34\00:16:24.25
spectacular sites is all of
Egypt, a sandstone forest of
00:16:24.28\00:16:28.25
134 gigantic columns.
The pillars are 10 meters in
00:16:28.28\00:16:35.26
circumference with architraves
weighing 70 tons each. Nearby
00:16:35.29\00:16:41.56
archeologists found a
fascinating victory relief
00:16:41.60\00:16:45.00
carved deep into the temple
walls. It tells how Pharaoh
00:16:45.03\00:16:48.94
Shishak led a devastating
military campaign against
00:16:48.97\00:16:52.57
Israel after the death of
the Israelite king Solomon. The
00:16:52.61\00:16:58.25
inscription records Shishak's
victory over Rehoboam the son of
00:16:58.28\00:17:02.85
Solomon and tells how he
captured over 100,000 Israel
00:17:02.88\00:17:06.52
including the capitol of
Jerusalem. Each conquered city
00:17:06.55\00:17:11.99
is represented by the figure
of a Hebrew on whose body is
00:17:12.03\00:17:16.06
inscribed the city's name. The
details of the campaign are also
00:17:16.10\00:17:20.94
recorded in the Bible. Here's
what it says in 1 Kings chapter
00:17:20.97\00:17:25.44
14 verses 25 and 26:...
00:17:25.47\00:17:48.26
It wasn't all that long ago that
skeptics were saying there is
00:17:48.30\00:17:52.63
no such person as Shishak. The
Bible is wrong, they said. But
00:17:52.67\00:17:57.61
you know, once Champollion
cracked the hieroglyphic code
00:17:57.64\00:18:01.08
these inscriptions on temple
walls and tombs have proved the
00:18:01.11\00:18:06.08
critics wrong and the Bible
right. It seems that the more
00:18:06.11\00:18:11.62
archeologists work the
more evidence they discover to
00:18:11.65\00:18:15.42
confirm Bible history. In fact,
one of the most amazing examples
00:18:15.46\00:18:20.30
of this is found right here in
Karnak temple and surrounds the
00:18:20.33\00:18:24.83
story of the ancient Hittites.
Now the problem with the ancient
00:18:24.87\00:18:29.57
Hittites might well be called
the riddle of the ages because
00:18:29.60\00:18:34.94
you see 48 times the Bible
mentions the Hittite race, its
00:18:34.98\00:18:39.71
dealings with Abraham, with
Solomon, with David, with Egypt.
00:18:39.75\00:18:44.42
These Bible references picture
the Hittites as one of the most
00:18:44.45\00:18:49.46
powerful of ancient empires. Yet
in all the records of antiquity
00:18:49.49\00:18:54.80
aside from the Bible not a trace
of them. Not a word remaining.
00:18:54.83\00:19:00.04
Only the Bible mentioned the
Hittites. So scholarly critics
00:19:00.07\00:19:06.17
of the Bible said that it would
be impossible for such an empire
00:19:06.21\00:19:10.75
to disappear from history
without leaving a single trace
00:19:10.78\00:19:14.85
behind. Therefore, a lack
of evidence was interpreted as
00:19:14.88\00:19:19.75
evidence that the Hittites never
existed and were nothing more
00:19:19.79\00:19:24.26
than an ancient legend, a Bible
myth. People said the Bible was
00:19:24.29\00:19:30.00
wrong. Then came the Rosetta
Stone. The Egyptian inscriptions
00:19:30.03\00:19:35.17
were deciphered. The
hieroglyphic reliefs and
00:19:35.20\00:19:38.44
inscriptions could be read and
the great pillars, pylons and
00:19:38.47\00:19:43.14
monuments of Karnak Temple told
their story and here on these
00:19:43.18\00:19:48.65
massive walls to everyone's
utter amazement Pharaoh
00:19:48.68\00:19:53.39
Ramesses II describes how he
went to war with the king of the
00:19:53.42\00:19:57.39
Hittites in one of the great
decisive battles of history, a
00:19:57.43\00:20:02.06
battle in which the power of
Egypt was tested to the limit.
00:20:02.10\00:20:06.67
In fact, the battle was so
important and the Hittites so
00:20:06.70\00:20:12.27
powerful that Ramesses carved
the story about them on all the
00:20:12.31\00:20:16.75
major temples of Egypt. From
these inscriptions and other
00:20:16.78\00:20:21.08
archeological discoveries we
now know that the Hittites were
00:20:21.12\00:20:26.12
indeed a mighty empire, one of
the most powerful in the ancient
00:20:26.15\00:20:30.73
world. They were based in
present-day Turkey and their
00:20:30.76\00:20:34.26
rule stretched from
the Black Sea to Damascus.
00:20:34.30\00:20:39.13
The hieroglyphic inscriptions
here at Karnak show that the
00:20:39.17\00:20:43.30
Hittites of Bible fame were no
myth after all and the Bible is
00:20:43.34\00:20:48.74
vindicated again. This has
happened at one ancient site
00:20:48.78\00:20:53.15
after another here in Egypt.
Across the Nile on the west bank
00:20:53.18\00:21:00.19
we are met by the Colossi of
Memnon. This impressive pair of
00:21:00.22\00:21:04.49
statues formed the entrance to
a huge mortuary temple belonging
00:21:04.53\00:21:09.33
to Pharaoh Amenhotep III.
They are all that remain of the
00:21:09.36\00:21:14.77
fabulous temple built from white
sandstone with gold throughout
00:21:14.80\00:21:19.54
and floor and doors covered with
silver. Even in their ruined
00:21:19.57\00:21:24.91
state the Colossi are impressive
Just behind the Colossi Pharaoh
00:21:24.95\00:21:30.82
Merneptah, the 13th son of
Ramesses II built his mortuary
00:21:30.85\00:21:36.06
temple and it was here in 1896
that the famous archeologist
00:21:36.09\00:21:41.43
Sir Flinders Petrie made an
amazing discovery. He found a
00:21:41.46\00:21:47.34
black stone slab just over
two meters high engraved with a
00:21:47.37\00:21:51.61
description of Pharaoh
Merneptah's military victories
00:21:51.64\00:21:54.74
in Canaan in 1207 B.C. It's now
known as the Merneptah stele.
00:21:54.78\00:22:01.75
To everyone's amazement it
contained the name of Israel.
00:22:01.78\00:22:06.89
It's the earliest reference
to Israel outside of the Bible
00:22:06.92\00:22:11.96
and the only mention of Israel
in the Egyptian records. People
00:22:11.99\00:22:16.97
were surprised because skeptics
said that the children of Israel
00:22:17.00\00:22:22.74
did not enter Canaan at the time
indicated in the Bible. They
00:22:22.77\00:22:27.11
said the Israelites only
appeared in Canaan hundreds of
00:22:27.14\00:22:30.65
years later. But the discovery
of the Merneptah stele over 3200
00:22:30.68\00:22:36.62
years old and now in the Cairo
Museum shows that the Bible was
00:22:36.65\00:22:41.92
right again. It shows that
the message of the hieroglyphic
00:22:41.96\00:22:45.49
inscriptions and the
evidence that archeologists are
00:22:45.53\00:22:49.63
uncovering is entirely
consistent with the Bible
00:22:49.66\00:22:52.93
description of Israel's origin.
We find this pattern continues
00:22:52.97\00:23:01.08
at the most beautiful temple in
all of Egypt. Rising out of the
00:23:01.11\00:23:05.45
desert plain on the west
bank of the Nile at Luxor is the
00:23:05.48\00:23:09.38
mortuary temple of Queen
Hatshepsut. Ancient Egypt
00:23:09.42\00:23:13.66
produced a number of remarkable
women but Hatshepsut was the
00:23:13.69\00:23:18.66
greatest of them all. She
was the first woman to become
00:23:18.69\00:23:23.00
Pharaoh and wear the double
crown of Egypt. But the amazing
00:23:23.03\00:23:28.40
thing is that virtually all
of her statues have been smashed
00:23:28.44\00:23:31.61
and her engravings and
inscriptions have been defaced
00:23:31.64\00:23:35.78
and vandalized. We know for a
fact today that this was done by
00:23:35.81\00:23:40.72
the Pharaoh who followed her,
Thutmose III. For some reason
00:23:40.75\00:23:46.96
he hated Hatshepsut so much that
he wanted her name and memory
00:23:46.99\00:23:52.06
obliterated from the face of the
earth. He wanted her erased from
00:23:52.09\00:23:57.83
history. But why? Well the
Bible throws some light on this
00:23:57.87\00:24:03.51
mystery. You see it appears that
it was Hatshepsut who rescued
00:24:03.54\00:24:08.34
the Hebrew baby Moses from the
Nile and adopted him as her son.
00:24:08.38\00:24:13.11
And so Moses the prince who
led the Israelites out of Egypt
00:24:13.15\00:24:18.62
would have been familiar
with this temple and Hatshepsut
00:24:18.65\00:24:23.66
planned to put her adopted
son Moses on the throne of Egypt
00:24:23.69\00:24:27.63
instead of Thutmose and Thutmose
hated her for that and never
00:24:27.66\00:24:32.17
forgave her. But listen to
what the Bible says happened in
00:24:32.20\00:24:36.44
Hebrews chapter 11 verse 24:...
00:24:36.47\00:24:46.41
It appears that Moses was
groomed to be Pharaoh. He could
00:24:46.45\00:24:51.69
have possessed all the treasure
of Egypt, but he chose rather to
00:24:51.72\00:24:56.32
be numbered with his blood
brothers, the Israelites. He
00:24:56.36\00:24:59.83
turned down the throne of Egypt.
And so Thutmose III seized
00:24:59.86\00:25:05.67
control. In a fit of revenge he
embarked on a campaign to wipe
00:25:05.70\00:25:11.41
away Hatshepsut's memory. He
chiseled out her inscriptions
00:25:11.44\00:25:15.04
and tore down her statues. It
all fits together with the Bible
00:25:15.08\00:25:21.42
record as archeologists and
linguists read the hieroglyphs
00:25:21.45\00:25:26.32
from the temples, tombs and
monuments of ancient Egypt they
00:25:26.35\00:25:30.96
bring a message from the past
to our generation and to you and
00:25:30.99\00:25:36.23
me. It's a message that echoes
across the centuries stating
00:25:36.26\00:25:41.47
loud and clear, you can trust
the Bible. But when you read the
00:25:41.50\00:25:47.04
Bible you are not dealing with
myths and legends. Rather you
00:25:47.08\00:25:51.98
are dealing with reliable
history and real people.
00:25:52.01\00:25:55.58
Wouldn't it be a tragedy to
spend your life doubting and
00:25:55.62\00:26:00.32
questioning the Bible, the word
of God when you could have had
00:26:00.36\00:26:04.26
it to depend on all along? You
could have had it to stand on
00:26:04.29\00:26:08.50
when every other prop was swept
away. The Bible really is the
00:26:08.53\00:26:14.50
right book for right now. If
you'd like to know more about
00:26:14.54\00:26:20.38
the Bible and the inner peace
and happiness it brings, then
00:26:20.41\00:26:24.91
I'd like to recommend the
free gift we have for all our
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Incredible Journey viewers today
It's the popular Bible reading
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This small, easy-to-read Bible
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guide is our gift to you and
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00:26:39.26\00:26:44.67
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sure you take this opportunity
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Phone or text us at 0436-333-555
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00:27:01.12\00:27:12.33
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no obligation. Write to us at:
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Don't delay. Call or text us now
00:27:37.29\00:27:39.95
Be sure to join us again next
week when we will share another
00:27:39.99\00:27:44.36
of life's journeys together.
Until then let's pray for a
00:27:44.39\00:27:49.26
trusting spirit so that we can
put our confidence in the Bible
00:27:49.30\00:27:53.30
and its message of hope
and inner peace. Let's pray.
00:27:53.34\00:27:57.77
Dear heavenly Father, we are
grateful for the Bible and the
00:27:57.81\00:28:03.08
evidence of its reliability and
trustworthiness. Please grant us
00:28:03.11\00:28:07.42
the genuine peace and happiness
that it's message brings.
00:28:07.45\00:28:11.32
We thank you. In
Jesus' name, Amen
00:28:11.35\00:28:15.09
¤ ¤
00:28:15.12\00:28:24.87