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It would be hard to talk about
history in Australia and not end
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end up talking about one man.
Two centuries after his death
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his name is probably more
familiar to school children than
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leaders of their own day. And
of course the country is dotted
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mountains, rivers, parks and
monuments that carry his name,
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Captain James Cook. But few
people realize how unappreciated
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he was in his own day. To begin
with, Captain Cook wasn't even
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a captain when he landed in
this country on a sunny April
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afternoon in 1770. James Cook
was a God fearing Englishman who
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would circumnavigate the globe
literally putting Australia, New
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Zealand and many other Pacific
Island nations and locations on
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the map. He would become the
most influential navigator of
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his time, charting coastlines
from the Arctic to the
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Antarctic, the east coast of
Australia to the west coast of
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North America. And hundreds of
islands in between. James Cook
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would barely rate a mention
in the papers of the day but
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there's something about James
Cook not many people are aware
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of. Join us as we
discover just what it is.
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¤ ¤
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The world's greatest explorer
and navigator started his
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journey here. James Cook was
born in the village of Markson,
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Yorkshire in Northeast England
on October 27th, 1728. This
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granite vase now stands on
the site of Cook's birthplace
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cottage. The cottage was
demolished in 1786 to make way
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for a grand mansion since
destroyed by fire. James and
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Grace worshipped in this
small village church of Saint
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Catherine's in Markson.
They were God-fearing people and
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James, their second child, was
christened here on the 3rd of
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November 1728. The register in
which James' birth was entered
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is displayed in the church.
The entry reads James the son of
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James Cook, day laborer, and
it's written in a single hand.
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When James was eight years old
his family moved to a farm near
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the Village of Grate Ayton. His
father's employer paid for James
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to attend the local school
here between 1736 and 1740. He
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received his early education
and learned the basics of
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mathematics that would enable
him to master the navigation
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skills he became famous for
in later life. Nearby in the
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village is the old All Saints
Parish church where the Cook
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family regularly worshipped.
The Bible and its message was
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important to the Cook family.
Here young James learned to
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treasure the Bible and in later
life would carry his Bible with
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him wherever he went. Smuggling
was a way of life along this
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coast and Staids was one of the
centers for this activity. For
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generations these villagers made
a living from the sea. Hardened
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seafarers transported contraband
up and down the coastline. When
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James was 16 he came here
to stay to work in the local
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general store. Here he had his
first contact with the sea and
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had his introduction to the
seafaring life as he listened
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to the tales of the sea from the
fishermen in the village. From
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the nearby cliffs, the highest
point on the east coast of
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England, James must have dreamed
of a life at sea as he watched
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the coal ships passing by
something that set him on the
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path to become the world's
greatest circumnavigator and
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explorer. Encouraged by his
employer young James left the
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village of Staids and its
general store in 1746 to journey
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to Whidbey where he was
apprenticed to John and Henry
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Walker, owners of coal vessels
plying the east coast to London.
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A view of the town with
its ancient abbey and the squat
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Saint Mary's church across the
harbor, the plain tile rooves
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of cottages has changed little
since Cook's time here. James
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lived on the east side over
the bridge in Grape Lane. It was
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here in John Walker's house that
James began his apprenticeship
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and training as a seaman.
He worked late into the night
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reading about navigation and
seamanship. The Walkers were a
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family of Quakers who owned
a fleet of ships engaged in the
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coal trade between the northeast
of England and London. The
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Quakers or Society of Friends
were honest, upright, hospitable
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Christians known the a simple
lifestyle based on the values
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and principles of the Bible. The
Walker's Christian beliefs and
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lifestyle made a lasting
impression on young James and
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became the true anchor in
his life. These values and
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principles would explain the way
Cook went on to captain his ship
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and treat officers, sailors and
natives. James lived and worked
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believing that God was with him.
He had a reputation for fair
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discipline, a strong sense of
justice and respect for people
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who others simply labeled
savages. James sailed from here
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regularly in Whidbey cats, small
sturdy vessels suited to coastal
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work not knowing, of course,
that he would eventually become
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one of the world's greatest
navigators and explorers in
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vessels built here in the
tradition of these colliers,
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these coal-carrying vessels. In
the spring of 1755, James Cook
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left just _ ship in the
Thames to join the frigate HMS
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Eagle as a volunteer, working
his way up from able seaman to
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master of his own vessel, the
most famous being the ancient
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bark Endeavor built right here
on the flats in Whidbey. So Cook
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and a Whidbey ship came together
again in the Endeavor to lay the
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foundation of some of the
most significant voyages in the
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history of exploration. Many
records confirm Cook's Christian
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faith. For example, he refused
to allow cursing and the use of
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profanity aboard his ships
and personally conducted divine
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services for his crew on Sundays
He also carried a Bible with him
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wherever he went which he
obviously put to good use as
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many of the places he discovered
bear Biblical names. Cook lived
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at the height of the
Enlightenment, the period during
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which intellectuals hoped to use
science to transform society.
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This lead to a lot of
exploration and scientific
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endeavor and 1769 was going
to be a big year for Britain's
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Royal Society because on the
3rd of June the planet Venus was
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going to pass between earth and
the sun. No that mightn't sound
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like much to get excited about
but by measuring this phenomenon
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from points around the globe
scientists would be able to
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calculate the precise distance
between the earth and the sun
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and the size of the solar system
could be determined for the
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first time. In time this
would make possible accurate
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predictions of the movements
of the planets. This was vitally
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important information for
navigators because it allowed
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them to accurately calculate
where they were when the ships
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were far out to sea. James
Cook was chosen to lead this
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important scientific expedition.
This was the great age of empire
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building for the leading nations
of Europe. The British were at
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the forefront of these endeavors
and in a fierce contest with
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France and Spain to claim
and colonize as much land around
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the world as possible. They
desperately wanted to find a new
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continent, the mythical
great southland and so planned a
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secret expedition to the
south Pacific. It had to be kept
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secret so as not to alarm
or alert France and Spain. Next
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they began searching for the
best person to lead this secret
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expedition and the British
admiralty found the perfect
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candidate. They chose James
Cook Of course, Cook didn't know
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anything about this. He'd only
just been made a lieutenant and
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appointed to command a
scientific expedition to observe
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the transit of Venus from
Tahiti in the Pacific. But the
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Admiralty gave him a packet of
secret orders only to be opened
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when he was on the far side
of the world. And they equipped
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him with a secret weapon,
the Endeavor. This is an exact
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replica of Cook's first command,
the Endeavor. And it might be
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hard to imagine it but this
comparatively small vessel was
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the James Bond vehicle of the
18th century. The Endeavor was
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one of Cook's beloved Whidbey
coal ships with a few special
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modifications. The Admiralty
sheathed the hull with a second
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layer of boards and stuffed
the gap with thick felt and nail
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head to protect against
dangerous tropical ship worms
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and they gave her teeth,
arming the little ship with six
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carriage guns and eight swivel
pieces. She was a chunky little
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tub, only 32 meters long and 9
meters wide with a broad square
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backed stern. But the Endeavor
was built to take the worst
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unknown oceans could throw at
her and her flat bottom design
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meant she could be easily
beached and take on supplies or
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conduct repairs far from home.
She was certainly not a luxury
liner. The Endeavor
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sailed from Plymouth with 94
people crammed into the two and
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a half meters between decks.
Sleeping space was at a premium.
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Amongst the officers, marines
and crew was a scientific party
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of 11 men appointed by the Royal
Society, naturalists astronomers
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and artists lead by Joseph Banks
Now Banks was everything Cook
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was not. Well educated at
Harrow, Eaton, and Oxford, well
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connected because his father was
a politician and with a private
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rural fortune. The voyage to
Tahiti would take close to seven
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months during which time Joseph
and his team would catalogue
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literally hundreds of plant,
bird and fish species. James
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took a great interest in
the welfare of his crew. He was
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concerned about their physical
and spiritual well-being. Before
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setting out, his wife Elizabeth
gave James a prayer book. With
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a Bible in hand he would
personally conduct church
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services for the Endeavor's crew
every week. The lack of vitamin
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C found in fresh fruits and
vegetables resulted in scurvy,
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the curse of every long
sea voyage. It loosened sailors
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teeth turned their skin blotchy
weakened and eventually killed
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them. When Magellan first sailed
across the Pacific in 1520 he
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lost almost half his crew. Most
sea captains took these sorts
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of deaths as an unfortunate by
product of long sea voyages. But
00:13:07.35\00:13:11.35
not James Cook. He ordered that
all crew members eat a daily
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portion of pickled cabbage
and dried pea soup. Anyone who
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who refused would be lashed. Now
that's tough love. But it was a
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success. On April the 11th 1769
when the lookout first sighted
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Tahiti James hadn't lost a
single man to scurvy. Cook was
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the first captain to eliminate
scurvy from his crew. But now
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the transit was over. James
could finally open his secret
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orders. The Endeavor was
instructed to sail further south
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than all previous explorers,
then head due west in search of
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Terra Australis, the great south
land. After two months at sea
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the boy at the masthead finally
shouted land. Joseph Banks was
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convinced they'd found the
mythical great southland, but
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James the master navigator
knew better. The Endeavor had
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rediscovered New Zealand and
James spent the next six months
00:14:21.76\00:14:26.33
mapping both islands. James had
now completed his secret mission
00:14:26.36\00:14:31.37
but instead of turning
back towards home, he made a
00:14:31.40\00:14:35.50
momentous and providential
decision. After 20 months at sea
00:14:35.54\00:14:40.51
the Endeavor was a leaky tub and
he didn't relish taking it back
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around Cape Horn. The decision:
Head west and sail into the
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history books. The Endeavor
sailed west for about three
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weeks without seeing anything
more interesting than birds.
00:14:55.86\00:14:59.66
Then on the evening of April the
18th in the middle of the ocean
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the captain gave a strange order
James ordered his men to close
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reef topsails effectively
slowing the Endeavor down.
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His intuition
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proved right. At 6 A.M. the next
morning the lookout cried land
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ho. The lookout had spotted the
dry, scrubby coast of Victoria.
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But the ship had to sail north
for another 10 days before the
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captain spotted a suitable
harbor and on the 28th of April
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1770 the crew of the Endeavor
anchored here, Botany Bay just
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south of Sydney. As they sailed
into the bay the crew observed
00:15:45.17\00:15:49.14
several canoes with dark
skinned natives busy fishing.
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The Endeavor could have been
invisible. The Aborigines barely
00:15:52.71\00:15:56.69
paid them any attention at all,
but things got tense the moment
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they tried to go ashore. The
beach here at Botany Bay, marks
00:16:02.72\00:16:09.60
Cook's landing place and
effectively a turning point in
00:16:09.63\00:16:13.67
the history of the great
southern land. Tuot warriors
00:16:13.70\00:16:17.67
threatening with spears
and stones approached the group
00:16:19.47\00:16:21.84
James ordered some trinkets to
be turned towards them but they
00:16:21.88\00:16:25.81
showed no interest. The natives
just wanted them gone. But James
00:16:26.15\00:16:30.15
pushed on and after several
warning shots, the Aborigines
00:16:31.45\00:16:35.39
retreated into the scrub. James
was accompanied by his well
00:16:35.42\00:16:40.20
connected botanist Joseph Banks.
Both witnessed a wide range of
00:16:40.23\00:16:45.30
strange plants and animals.
James was struck by the parklike
00:16:46.57\00:16:50.57
nature of the land and named
it New South Wales. The Endeavor
00:16:50.74\00:16:54.74
scientists would eventually
bring back a staggering 30,000
00:16:57.08\00:17:01.08
specimens from their voyage
including 1600 species that were
00:17:01.55\00:17:05.55
wholly new to science. But for
all that Joseph was singularly
00:17:06.79\00:17:12.53
unimpressed with New
South Wales, describing it as:
00:17:12.56\00:17:16.46
Banks also saw the local
aborigines in a very poor light
00:17:28.51\00:17:31.55
and returned a scathing report
on them to his government. Cook,
00:17:31.58\00:17:35.55
however, was impressed with
the simplicity of the Aborigines
00:17:38.05\00:17:42.06
life. Unencumbered by the
need for things. His Christian
00:17:42.49\00:17:45.76
charity saw the Aborigines
as men and women, fellow
00:17:45.79\00:17:49.30
human beings.
00:17:49.33\00:17:50.67
This noble attitude was
something many of his countrymen
00:17:50.70\00:17:55.50
could do well to learn from. The
Endeavor remained in Botany Bay
00:17:56.20\00:18:00.21
taking on fresh water and food
for about a week and James made
00:18:00.94\00:18:05.11
attempts to contact the
aborigines, but they steered
00:18:05.15\00:18:08.58
clear of this stranger.
Eventually the captain turned
00:18:08.62\00:18:12.59
his ship north. With peerless
accuracy James and his officers
00:18:12.99\00:18:18.13
would go on to map almost
the entire eastern seaboard of
00:18:18.16\00:18:22.33
Australia, a chunk of land 30
times the size of Great Britain.
00:18:23.23\00:18:27.24
It would take James another year
to bring the Endeavor back to
00:18:27.70\00:18:31.71
the safety of England and the
reception would not be the one
00:18:33.11\00:18:37.11
we'd expect. Joseph Banks'
natural discoveries would make
00:18:38.11\00:18:41.92
him the toast of the scientific
world, but James role as the
00:18:41.95\00:18:45.92
captain of the Endeavor
was largely forgotten. Back in
00:18:46.59\00:18:50.59
England the ship's botanist
pulled every string with the
00:18:50.93\00:18:54.93
papers and peers to promote
himself. Soon Joseph was being
00:18:56.43\00:19:00.17
referred to in the papers as
the immortal Banks and enjoying
00:19:00.20\00:19:05.34
frequent audiences with
King George. Before long he also
00:19:05.37\00:19:09.64
announced plans for a second
voyage of discovery but for that
00:19:10.38\00:19:14.38
he would need James. And that's
how James became Captain Cook.
00:19:15.28\00:19:21.19
In order to secure his services
Joseph arranged for a member of
00:19:21.22\00:19:25.53
the nobility to get his
companion promoted. James Cook
00:19:26.53\00:19:30.53
led two more major voyages. He
was promoted to captain for his
00:19:30.60\00:19:34.60
third and last voyage. While
stopped in Hawaii to resupply
00:19:35.40\00:19:39.41
his vessels he was stabbed and
killed in a confrontation with
00:19:39.44\00:19:43.38
the natives on the 14th of
February 1779. He was just 50
00:19:43.41\00:19:50.35
years old. His shocked and
grieving crew buried his remains
00:19:50.39\00:19:55.42
at sea. James Cook undertook
three great voyages of discovery
00:19:55.46\00:20:02.10
that took him literally to
the ends of the earth. He sailed
00:20:02.13\00:20:06.03
over 300,000 km, the equivalent
of traveling to the moon and
00:20:07.14\00:20:12.74
back. He is quite simply
history's greatest explorer.
00:20:12.77\00:20:17.98
But he was anchored by a great
faith, a faith-based on the
00:20:18.01\00:20:23.85
Bible, a faith that was
instilled in him as a child as
00:20:23.89\00:20:27.79
he attended church with his
parents at Markson and at Grate
00:20:28.16\00:20:32.16
Ayton where he learned to
treasure the Bible. A faith that
00:20:32.19\00:20:36.13
grew stronger at Whidbey where
he saw the principles and values
00:20:36.16\00:20:40.14
of Christianity demonstrated in
the lives of the Walker family,
00:20:40.24\00:20:44.21
faithful Christians that he
lived with for several years.
00:20:44.24\00:20:47.78
A faith that he took with him
to sea and on his three great
00:20:47.81\00:20:51.75
voyages of discovery, a faith
that he shared with his crew
00:20:51.78\00:20:55.48
each week as he read to them
from the Bible, a faith that he
00:20:55.52\00:20:59.49
brought all the way to New
Zealand and Australia. Yes, a
00:20:59.72\00:21:03.73
faith based on the Bible.
And that Bible is still around,
00:21:04.86\00:21:08.86
preserved here in the state
library of New South Wales in
00:21:09.43\00:21:13.44
Sydney. This is the very Bible
that accompanied James Cook on
00:21:13.67\00:21:17.67
all of his voyages and that
he constantly used in performing
00:21:18.21\00:21:22.21
services. This is the very Bible
that he brought with him to
00:21:23.28\00:21:27.28
Australia and New Zealand on
the Endeavor. James Cook's wife
00:21:27.32\00:21:31.32
Elizabeth died in 1835 at the
age of 93. She lived for another
00:21:32.29\00:21:38.69
56 years after her husband's
death. Amongst her most
00:21:38.73\00:21:42.63
treasured possessions was
her husband's old Bible which
00:21:43.16\00:21:47.17
accompanied him on all of his
voyages. It remained close to
00:21:47.20\00:21:51.17
her all those years. She read
it regularly and meditated on
00:21:51.37\00:21:55.34
its message. In the frontice
piece is a printed message from
00:21:56.41\00:21:59.78
Elizabeth. This Bible is on the
authority of Mrs. Elizabeth Cook
00:21:59.81\00:22:03.79
to have been used by Captain
James Cook in conducting divine
00:22:04.99\00:22:08.99
worship throughout his three
voyages. Yes, this is the Bible
00:22:09.92\00:22:13.93
that he brought with him to
Australia and New Zealand on the
00:22:14.63\00:22:18.63
Endeavor. It's a reminder of
our heritage as nations. Both
00:22:19.57\00:22:23.57
Australia and New Zealand have
a significant Christian heritage
00:22:24.84\00:22:28.84
based on the Bible that has
played a major role in shaping
00:22:30.61\00:22:33.05
our national identities. From
the Bible in our courts, prayer
00:22:33.08\00:22:37.99
in parliament, the design of our
flags, the words of our national
00:22:38.02\00:22:42.32
anthems, Christian elements
are laced through our judicial,
00:22:42.36\00:22:46.33
political, constitutional and
social arrangements. Our laws
00:22:47.63\00:22:51.63
and parliament common law have
been based on Christian values
00:22:53.30\00:22:57.31
and principles. Our freedom
and prosperity are built on a
00:22:57.37\00:23:01.38
Christian foundation. Many
of our founding fathers, early
00:23:02.28\00:23:06.28
explorers, leaders and
politicians who laid the
00:23:07.12\00:23:10.15
foundations of our
modern society were Christians.
00:23:10.19\00:23:13.25
In Australia Matthew Flinders,
Captain Charles Furth, Edward
00:23:13.29\00:23:19.06
John Ayer, Fina Beinlay,
Alfred Deacon, Willian Stahl and
00:23:19.09\00:23:24.73
governors such as Hunter,
McCreary and Brisbane to name
00:23:24.77\00:23:28.64
but a few were all committed
Christians. In New Zealand
00:23:29.04\00:23:33.04
Samuel Marsden, William Calensa,
Henry William, William Hobson,
00:23:33.51\00:23:39.68
Tapahi, Ruatara, Harnihecka,
Tamati Wakamene, Takooti and
00:23:39.71\00:23:46.72
others were committed
Christians. Christianity brought
00:23:46.76\00:23:51.59
peace, stability, education
and freedom. We need to remember
00:23:51.63\00:23:57.03
that Australia and New Zealand
are the great nations they are
00:23:57.07\00:24:01.74
today because of that Christian
heritage. And if we're wise, we
00:24:01.77\00:24:07.44
will value and protect
our Christian heritage so that
00:24:07.48\00:24:10.15
future generations can enjoy
the family values, benefits,
00:24:10.18\00:24:14.82
prosperity and freedoms that
Christianity brings. And here's
00:24:14.85\00:24:20.06
the good news. This Christian
heritage and all the blessing it
00:24:20.09\00:24:25.89
brings isn't restricted to any
one nation or people. Listen to
00:24:25.93\00:24:29.76
what the Bible says in
John chapter 3 and verse 16:
00:24:29.80\00:24:33.20
Dear Heavenly Father, we thank
you for our heritage that allows
00:24:45.11\00:24:50.49
us to enjoy the family values
and benefits, prosperity and
00:24:50.52\00:24:54.82
freedoms that Christianity
brings. We acknowledge you and
00:24:54.86\00:24:59.26
remember our Christian heritage
with humility and gratitude. We
00:24:59.29\00:25:04.43
thank you that in Jesus
each of can find true peace and
00:25:04.47\00:25:08.17
happiness in our personal lives.
Lord, we pray that you will
00:25:08.20\00:25:12.91
bless us and grant us your peace
In Jesus' name we pray, Amen.
00:25:12.94\00:25:22.28
James Cook undertook three great
voyages of discovery that took
00:25:22.32\00:25:28.42
him literally to the ends
of the earth. He is the world's
00:25:28.46\00:25:33.50
greatest explorer who was
anchored by a great faith,
00:25:33.53\00:25:36.80
a faith based on the Bible.
If you'd like to experience that
00:25:36.83\00:25:42.00
faith and assurance in your life
then I'd like to recommend the
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free gift we have for all
our viewers today. It's the book
00:25:46.07\00:25:51.01
Finding Treasure: A Beginners
Guide. This book is our gift to
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you and is absolutely
free. There are no costs or
00:25:56.12\00:25:59.69
obligations whatsoever.
Thousands have been blessed and
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inspired by this book, Finding
Treasure: A Beginners Guide.
00:26:03.83\00:26:07.40
So make the most of this
wonderful opportunity to receive
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the gift we have for you today.
Here's the information you need:
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Phone or text us at 0436333555
or visit our website www.tij.tv
00:26:16.34\00:26:29.98
to request today's free offer
and we'll send it to you totally
00:26:30.02\00:26:34.52
free of charge and with no
obligation. So don't delay.
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Call or text 0436333555 in
Australia or 0204222042 in New
00:26:38.96\00:26:50.51
Zealand or visit our website
www.tij.tv to request today's
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offer. Write to us at:
Don't delay. Phone or text
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0436333555 in Australia or
0204222042 in New Zealand to
00:27:21.37\00:27:32.88
request today's free offer.
Call or text us now. If you've
00:27:32.91\00:27:39.59
enjoyed today's story of
Captain Cook and his journeys
00:27:39.62\00:27:42.39
of discovery on the Endeavor and
our reflections on our nation's
00:27:42.42\00:27:46.70
Christian heritage, be sure to
join us again next week. Until
00:27:46.73\00:27:50.87
then remember the ultimate
destination of life's journey.
00:27:50.90\00:27:54.90
Now I saw a new heaven and a new
earth. And God will wipe away
00:27:54.94\00:27:59.94
every tear from their eyes.
There shall be no more death nor
00:27:59.97\00:28:03.75
sorrow nor crying. There shall
be no more pain for the former
00:28:03.78\00:28:08.12
things have passed away.
00:28:08.15\00:28:10.92
¤ ¤
00:28:10.95\00:28:24.93