Participants: Steven Grabiner
Series Code: OCIR
Program Code: OCIR000009
|
00:16 The mystique of the Amazon River
00:18 has long had a powerful allure upon the imagination of many. 00:24 Being the second longest river in the world 00:27 and running through the countries 00:29 of Peru, Ecuador, Columbia and Brazil 00:33 the Amazon River basin 00:35 has attracted international attention. 00:38 The river basin covers an area of almost 00:41 three million square miles 00:43 but the most attractive part on this river 00:45 is what the Brazilians call ribereños 00:48 or the people that live along the riverbanks. 00:53 Today, we're going to visit an OCI ministry 00:55 that is serving the people 00:57 that live along the banks of this great river. 01:14 Two missionaries who dedicated their lives 01:16 to ministering to the river people 01:18 where Jessie and Leo Halliwell. 01:21 They came to Belem, 01:23 the mouth of the Amazon River in the early 1930s. 01:27 Becoming aware of the tremendous needs 01:30 of the people living along this river 01:32 Leo conceived with the idea of starting a medical launch 01:36 which he named Luzerio or light bearer. 01:40 His first book was christened July 4th 1931. 01:45 And for 38 years the Halliwell's 01:48 dedicated their lives and energy 01:50 to serving the river people. 01:53 Throughout their ministry over a quarter million people 01:57 were directly affected 01:58 by the service of the Halliwell's. 02:01 Unfortunately due to a variety of circumstances 02:05 that fleet of boats which were serving the river people 02:09 ultimately came to an end. 02:11 Until God rekindled division through Brad and Lina Mills. 02:16 They christened their first boat July 4th, 2009. 02:23 This village was the site of the first indigenous church 02:27 at the Halliwell's constructed. 02:30 Unfortunately over the years 02:32 many of the church members passed away 02:35 and the faith for those remaining few grew weak. 02:38 It was an exciting day 02:40 when the team from Amazon Lifesavers 02:42 came to this village. 02:44 Not only did they bring health and hope 02:46 to the people on this community 02:48 but they've helped to revive 02:49 and reconstruct the Adventist church 02:53 which is a light for the villages 02:55 further upstream. 02:59 Amazon Lifesavers Ministry is a supporting ministry 03:03 of the Adventist church 03:04 that works in the Amazon region of Brazil. 03:07 And what we do is provide medical care 03:10 and use that as a opening door 03:12 to reach the people that live on the banks of the river 03:14 in the jungle. 03:15 And a little bit of, whatever the community needs 03:18 whether it's development or education, construction stuff 03:22 we use all these 03:23 different aspects as opening doors 03:26 so then bring the gospel and do pioneer work 03:28 in starting churches of evangelism 03:30 and training of local church leaders. 03:34 The church officially ran a project 03:36 called the Luzerio program for over 60 years. 03:39 Which for several different reasons ended up 03:41 dying off in the 90s, 03:43 and so in the mid 2000, 2005, 2006 03:47 the Lord was really calling together 03:48 a group of Brazilians that had been involved 03:51 with the old program. 03:52 And God had a way bringing us all together 03:54 and we were able to start this non-profit 03:57 supporting ministry that worked with the church. 03:59 In 2010 the church saying that we have three boats 04:03 and we're working and there was so much interest 04:06 the church actually started ADRA in the Amazon. 04:09 So we work at this point and collaboration with ADRA 04:11 on all of our development and medical events. 04:14 And then with our evangelism 04:16 that we do we work with Global Missions 04:18 which is a department of our union office. 04:21 As we're planning our lights schools 04:22 that we want to open 04:23 we are in totally involved in the union 04:25 with that our union secretary is excited 04:27 and so together we're in the planning stages right now, 04:30 you know, working together as a supporting ministry 04:32 with our church. 04:34 Amazon Lifesavers an organization's like that one 04:39 are really essential especially in areas 04:42 where it's very difficult to do certain types of work. 04:45 And when people have a burden that the Lord lays on them 04:49 to actually go and do something 04:50 in very rural challenging frontier types of areas 04:55 the church needs to interact 04:56 in a very careful and prayerful way 04:59 and realize that really this is an extension 05:02 of the wonderful work of sharing the three angels messages 05:07 in a very practical way. 05:09 And if there can be a very close working relationship 05:12 that continues to develop over time 05:16 that can be an absolutely beautiful evangelistic outreach 05:21 that complements everything that the church is trying to do. 05:26 Today we have an administrative base 05:27 which is based in the city of Manaus 05:30 the capital city of the state of Amazon, 05:33 right in the center of the Amazon region. 05:35 And we are about 35 kilometers outside of the city 05:39 on the bank of the river in that location 05:42 we have the administrative offices 05:43 where we coordinate between 05:45 are operational bases in the jungle. 05:48 At that location we also do volunteer training, 05:51 we have events that will bring all of our volunteers together 05:54 and do workshops to prepare them better, 05:57 medically and navigation safety and also with evangelism. 06:03 We coordinate between three operating bases 06:06 where we have three of our larger boats working. 06:08 And each base is basically set up in the same way. 06:11 We have a base coordinator of each boat in each region. 06:15 So one boat might have a, 06:17 you know, 200 kilometer region that it services 06:20 and the coordinator of that base 06:22 will then coordinate between the different communities 06:25 and do strategic planning 06:26 where we will do our next evangelist series, 06:29 where we need Bible workers 06:31 and then coordinate with the medical part, 06:33 where do we need to bring in medical staff 06:35 to open up the doors into an un-entered community. 06:40 We felt a call as we were preparing ourselves 06:43 and education we want to go and serve a needy place. 06:47 And so one of the things 06:48 that was so weighing on our heart 06:49 was coming to the Amazon in Brazil. 06:51 And we had knelt down and we asked the Lord 06:53 to make it extremely clear. 06:55 And we were actually on a mission trip 06:56 in Costa Rica in 2007. 06:59 We came back to the US 07:01 and I had received an email from an individual 07:05 who had a boat that he was interested 07:07 in donating to the Lord's work. 07:09 And we didn't, you know, think much about it, 07:12 we did actually send him an email 07:13 and said hey, we're interest and finding out more about this. 07:16 He had built a boat himself and lived on it for five years. 07:20 His wife had died, 07:21 he wanted to see it used in the Lords work. 07:24 And so by the end of about an hour 07:25 conversation he said would you like this boat? 07:28 He told us all about it and I said well, 07:31 you know, it sounds interesting, 07:32 but we don't have the money to buy this boat. 07:34 And he said, I didn't ask if you want to buy it. 07:36 I said you want this boat? I'd like to donate it to you. 07:39 Basically within a week and a half 07:40 we had the boat registration in the mail signed 07:44 a new boat for to be used on the Amazon 07:46 which was a huge sign that we have been saying Lord, 07:49 is this where You want us to go. 07:51 And the Lord gave us an amazing answer, 07:52 yes, go forward. 07:59 I feel like God really hand-picked this base for us. 08:01 We were praying and praying 08:03 for a long time that He would show us the right place. 08:06 And we specifically asked for a sign 08:09 we wanted Brazil nut tree. 08:12 And there are Brazil nut trees in the interior 08:15 but around this area it's not very common. 08:18 We were searching and searching 08:19 and then God let us to this base 08:21 and when we came we found so many different kinds fruits 08:25 those just filled mangoes and bananas 08:28 and papayas and all sorts of fruits. 08:30 And then at the very end 08:32 the man said and also we have a Brazil nut tree 08:35 so that was so special that 08:37 exactly what we had really asked the Lord 08:38 He gave it to us 08:39 and so this base is perfect in that sense. 08:42 Many times missionaries think 08:44 they're gonna go and do just one thing, 08:46 but the best missionaries are the ones 08:48 that are willing to do anything. 08:50 And I do all sorts of things. 08:51 I cook for groups sometimes, 08:53 sometimes I just wash all the sheets 08:55 when the groups are gone. 08:56 Of course I'm a mom as well 08:57 so I take care of my kids and I home school 09:01 and then we go out on the boat. 09:03 I help with Sabbath School children Sabbath school program 09:07 or I also do dental cleaning 09:09 sometimes help to see some patients. 09:11 Also here at the base 09:13 I help with communications 09:14 as far as keeping our website updated 09:17 and sending out our newsletters and things like that. 09:21 I just love being out in nature, 09:23 I love waking up every morning and hearing the birds. 09:26 As a mom it's just wonderful to know 09:28 that you are raising your kids 09:30 with good values and in a good environment 09:32 where they're learning service and unselfishness 09:34 and they are not having to struggle 09:36 with lot of the temptations 09:37 that people who live in cities struggle with, 09:39 and just the whole package. 09:41 I feel like I'm doing God's will 09:43 and I feel like I'm raising my children 09:45 to learn that and I think that's what keeps me going. 09:50 Besides the full time work 09:51 that our ministry does with volunteers 09:53 who live on the boats 09:54 who come, we also get a lot a groups that come from- 09:57 for spend a week or two weeks. 10:00 Well, couple years ago we were working 10:02 with the Adventist University in South Brazil 10:04 they came up with a group of nursing students. 10:06 And they had so much fun and it was incredible trip, 10:09 you know, they're from the same country 10:10 but total different reality from Sao Paulo. 10:14 Among that group was one girl 10:16 who had a sister who was a nurse. 10:18 And her sister was married, 10:20 they lived in different party Brazil 10:21 and the two of them 10:23 had really dreamed about being missionaries. 10:24 They always thought they have to go 10:26 to Africa to be missionaries. 10:28 And their sister came on this trip 10:29 and went back and called her and said hey, 10:31 I just spent, you know, two weeks in the Amazon 10:33 it was amazing, you guys should see 10:35 and she started telling her me about the trip. 10:37 So this couple, Daniel and Naissem 10:39 and they got really interest 10:40 and said, hey you know, we'd love to find out. 10:43 So Daniel actually came about a year and a half ago 10:45 to see the project and see what goes on. 10:48 And he spent one month. 10:50 We put him out in the jungle 10:51 he's been a month visiting villages, 10:53 no contact with his wife. 10:55 And when we finally gets to us 10:56 and calls her he says, you're not gonna believe this, 10:58 this is amazing, this is what we wanted to do. 11:01 Within two months they sold everything they had, 11:04 they rented out their house to someone else and they moved. 11:07 They both came and they've been with us 11:09 for about 14 months now. 11:11 Over their course of that time they've become our 11:13 one of the coordinators of one of our local bases. 11:16 They actually run the catamaran boat 11:18 they coordinate that whole region, 11:20 both of them being registered nurses. 11:23 And really Bible workers in their hearts 11:25 and they've come and they've help with medical work 11:27 and evangelism in this whole region. 11:32 I am a nurse and I'm also the secretary 11:35 at the base in Barreirinhas. 11:38 In our day-to-day activities we do medical consults, 11:41 go from community to community visiting. 11:44 Do educational talks and also attend to people 11:48 who show up at our boat anytime day or night. 11:53 And besides the medical consults that we provide 11:56 we also do evangelistic work as well. 11:59 There are two main things that I like to do 12:01 and the first is bringing Jesus to people 12:04 and see their lives being transformed. 12:07 The second thing that I most like 12:08 is when a person comes to us and they are suffering 12:11 and we are able to relieve their suffering 12:13 in some capacity that is very gratifying. 12:21 I'm a nurse I graduated in Goiania 12:23 and currently I'm the base coordinator 12:26 for the base in Barreirinhas. 12:28 So I coordinate the missions and evangelistic activities 12:31 that happen in this area. 12:35 Another thing we do 12:37 is to go into the river communities 12:39 and motivate the people. 12:41 One of the many problems that we see in the jungle 12:44 is people drinking alcohol. 12:48 This people who already have so little 12:50 are spending the rest of their income on alcohol. 12:56 So we have a plan to go into these communities 12:58 and motivate them to stop drinking. 13:03 First and foremost obviously we want to bring Jesus 13:06 and the hope of salvation that we have, 13:08 but we also see so many needs 13:11 that the people have in a tangible way 13:13 for their day-to-day living. 13:15 We work with the totally isolated group of people 13:19 that for them to go to the closest hospital 13:23 being a hospital that might not have a single doctor 13:26 or sometimes a doctor no x-ray, no radiology 13:29 maybe be able to do a simple blood test. 13:32 For them to even get to this place 13:34 they might have to travel one to two days in a dugout canoe. 13:37 And so the needs are so great for medical care, 13:41 the needs for education, 13:42 the needs for basic sanitation and living 13:45 we come in and assess and we try to work 13:48 and in helping supply you know their basic needs 13:52 and then being able to reach them on a spiritual level. 13:55 I think we've seen in medical is the arm that we use 13:59 but really when you're able to meet 14:01 somebody's basic physical need 14:04 they really open up and make a connection with you. 14:08 You know, people often say like, 14:10 I don't understand why are you here? 14:12 Now they know this is the hard place to live. 14:15 In fact, when we talk about 14:17 what is life like to live in a jungle village. 14:19 It's a hard work with no machinery to help, 14:25 no electronic assistance and so they do 14:28 all their hard work on their own. 14:29 You know, and it's a tough life 14:32 and so really I think their needs 14:34 or so often basic everyday living needs that they have. 14:39 Brad and Lina and their team 14:41 have tirelessly sought to bring medical help to this region. 14:45 Through their ministry thousands of families 14:48 have been richly blessed. 14:50 In a moment we'll see another way 14:53 at Amazon Lifesavers is enriching 14:56 the lives on the river people. 15:07 When you think of missionaries what do you picture? 15:10 For many people the image of a doctor, 15:12 teacher or pastor in a remote country comes to mind. 15:16 But the truth is 15:17 God needs people with many different skills 15:19 in His work both around the world and close to home. 15:23 At OCI we're passionate 15:25 about helping to connect mission minded people 15:28 with our network of more than 80 ministries. 15:30 Each project aims to share the gospel in practical ways 15:34 and they need skilled workers of all types. 15:36 Mechanics, gardeners, cooks and designers 15:40 just to name a few 15:41 and of course they also need teachers and doctors. 15:45 If you're interested in serving at an OCI ministry 15:47 visit our website for a list of current opportunities 15:51 or call our office we'd love to talk to you. 16:01 Clearly a tremendous amount of forethought and planning 16:05 goes into launching a ministry such as this. 16:09 There's the administrative work of keeping five launches 16:13 well-maintained, adequately staffed 16:16 and placed into the field. 16:18 There's a vast amount of administrative work 16:21 but administration is only a means to an end. 16:25 One of Amazon Lifesavers ultimate goals 16:28 is continuing to provide quality medical care 16:32 to those people that live along 16:33 the banks of the Amazon and its tributaries. 16:39 Lina and I were planning since college 16:42 we wanted to be medical missionaries 16:43 and so we actually met- 16:45 my wife and I at nursing school 16:47 and then after serving for years missionaries 16:50 we went after graduating as far as, 16:51 we went overseas for a year and decided that 16:54 if we had a little bit more medical training 16:55 we can do a lot more. 16:56 I came back and got my masters 16:58 as a family nurse practitioner. 17:00 And my wife at the time did a second-degree 17:01 as a registered dental hygiene. 17:03 Just be able to come and do the dental side of things. 17:06 Well the people that we usually visit are pretty far off 17:10 and most of them haven't had visits 17:14 from a doctor or dentist in years. 17:17 The people that I- 17:19 that I do cleanings on most of them, 17:21 I would say almost 99 percent 17:23 have never had their teeth cleaned before. 17:26 I've seen in children so much calculus 17:30 that usually we only see in adults in the States, 17:32 you know, just from a lack of brushing. 17:34 Just simply a lack of brushing ever hardly. 17:38 And so I know that if I don't remove that 17:41 the bacteria are gonna get underneath it 17:43 and they're gonna have gingivitis, 17:45 then they are gonna get periodontitis, 17:47 they are gonna bone loss 17:48 and they're gonna lose their teeth. 17:49 And so that's why so young 17:51 so many of them have teeth that are gone. 17:53 Of course, if it's not already gone from decay. 17:56 So to me it just so gratifying 17:57 because I do a clean of a teeth 17:59 and I know that I am preventing bone loss 18:01 and I'm preventing tooth loss in the future. 18:04 Also just a education 18:05 to go in depth with them and sit down 18:07 and get them floss and give them 18:08 you know mirror and to have them actually do it 18:12 is super gratifying because it's the first time 18:14 they're really learning exactly how to do it. 18:16 Just knowing that you're making a different 18:19 its gonna last a long time as super gratify 18:22 is one of the things I love to do. 18:28 We realized the big need to have 18:30 some kind of help for the health 18:32 in these communities on this river. 18:35 And we quickly thought, 18:36 why don't we build a health clinic? 18:38 So we begin by studying the geography in this area 18:41 and discovered that this community 18:43 New Jerusalem is right in the middle. 18:46 And so we thought it would be 18:47 an ideal location for a health clinic 18:49 but not only a clinic it would also have rooms 18:52 for volunteers to stay in when they come. 18:56 So at this point we're going to have a medical room, 18:59 a dental room, two dorm rooms for men and women, 19:03 a kitchen and a bathroom. 19:06 We also have a little outboard engine 19:08 that is here to support the volunteers 19:10 if they need transport 19:11 while they are working here at this health post. 19:16 We're also encouraging 19:17 the people along the river to plant 19:19 and to have gardens and cultivate land 19:22 where they live. 19:27 Basically the main source of food 19:29 for the people along the river is fish and cassava. 19:33 And so we know that they have deficiencies in their nutrition. 19:37 It isn't easy especially when you're trying 19:39 to change somebody's culture 19:41 and tell them that they need 19:42 to eat more fruits and vegetables. 19:46 So our first step is to motivate 19:48 and encourage them to start planting 19:51 so they can have more fruits and vegetables. 19:55 So this first step we have already given them 19:58 but the truth is there's a lot of a things 20:01 that they don't know how to eat or prepare. 20:03 They don't have the cultural habit 20:05 of knowing how to eat it or what to eat it with. 20:09 So that is what we're hoping to help them with as well. 20:17 When we first came to this area of the river 20:20 brother Joao Lucio was the first person 20:22 we made contact with. 20:25 The people on this river knew about the work 20:27 on the Luzeiro that was done many years ago. 20:30 So when we got here 20:31 we were very well received by the people. 20:35 Brother Joao Lucio invited us into his house his church. 20:40 We preached at his church 20:41 and also did some training courses 20:43 with the church members. 20:47 The region that we live in is very large 20:50 and there was no way for a pastor 20:52 to come here very often to see us. 20:55 And Daniel and Naissem have been a huge support. 21:00 He has been an Adventist for many years 21:03 and he knows his Bible well. 21:04 But in his church he is the only leader 21:07 and is doing everything alone. 21:09 So we are able to come to his church 21:11 and help him and provide training to the members. 21:15 I think one of the challenges 21:16 of reaching the people in the interior 21:18 is helping them to understand that our church is not the same 21:20 as all the other churches. 21:22 They say well it doesn't matter 21:23 we all serve the same God. 21:25 So to them, you know, in order to change 21:28 their religion per se or change 21:30 or make a stand for certain truth 21:32 it's difficult for them 21:33 because for them it shouldn't matter. 21:37 One of the biggest needs that we have seen 21:39 in the interior of the Amazon 21:41 is more Bible workers more trained 21:45 people that would come in 21:46 and be able to use the health message, 21:49 education, training and really teach the people 21:52 basic doctrines and study of the Bible. 21:56 And last year we actually begin communicating with LIGHT, 22:00 Lay Institute of Global Health Training 22:02 about their training programs 22:04 that they were offering around the world 22:06 to train people as medical missionaries. 22:08 In January the beginning of this year 22:10 we actually did our first one month LIGHT course 22:12 we had some LIGHT leaders come down. 22:15 And we were able to take 10 of the jungle people 22:19 that we had worked with, 22:20 that we had done medical work 22:21 and evangelism in their communities. 22:23 We did that first month course 22:25 and we had such a success 22:27 that we're actually wanting 22:28 to implement a fulltime LIGHT course 22:31 so we can be training, river people bring them in 22:34 put them to a training and then have them back out 22:36 in their own villages or if they want 22:38 to go to different village 22:39 where there's no Adventist present 22:41 to go to a new village 22:42 and start doing medical mission pioneer work in the jungle. 22:46 I remember one of the church leaders 22:48 Claudia said to us, 22:49 she said, you know, 22:50 what I have been on Adventist of years, I've done evangelism 22:55 and I have never understood the Book of Daniel. 22:58 So this is the first time I really even read 23:00 and understand the Book of Daniel 23:01 and it was so exciting and she said, 23:03 you know, this is gonna help me 23:04 to be able to continue studying with people in the jungle. 23:10 I learned about spiritual things, health, evangelism 23:14 and I learned about what I should eat 23:16 and about eating meat 23:19 that was something I had never heard before 23:22 and so I took my own decision 23:24 to not eat meat. 23:28 While studying with Brother Brad 23:30 I learned a lot in the Book of Daniel. 23:33 Things I had never heard in my whole life, 23:37 also about the final events. 23:39 I learned some amazing things that I had never heard before. 23:46 I talk to a lot of people here from my church 23:50 and they're just hoping and praying 23:52 that this course could come here 23:54 because in this area on this river 23:56 I believe there's a lot of people 23:58 that need this kind of education and help. 24:01 We are very needy for these things. 24:06 We just got back from a mission trip 24:09 with a group that came and helped and 24:11 it was just so exciting 24:14 to see the thankfulness 24:15 of the people in the interior. 24:17 When they come to you personally and they say listen, 24:20 what you shared with me about the Bible 24:22 that has helped me so much it's like a light. 24:25 You know, you guys have come and you encouraged us 24:28 and we feel like a light has come in 24:30 and helped us on our on our journey to life. 24:33 Those of kinds of statements are just so encouraging to us. 24:36 I just feel like that's what make this work worth it. 24:40 People get in touch with us and say, 24:42 how can I help or how can I participate in this project? 24:45 Lot of people say hey, I'm not a medical person 24:47 what can I do to help? 24:49 I think is, you know, generic as it sounds 24:52 one of the biggest things that people can do 24:54 is actually pray for specific Bible workers, 24:57 pray for our volunteers, pray for the project. 24:59 You know, we're always looking for volunteers, 25:02 were desperate for Bible workers. 25:04 And so, you know, a lot of people want to come 25:06 obviously if you speak Portuguese 25:09 you can come out and be able to open up 25:11 and study with the people and work with them. 25:14 You know, to run so many boats, 25:15 we're always needing a mechanic 25:17 that can come and help upkeep our boats. 25:20 And, you know, there so many ways to get involved like that. 25:24 In our ministry right now 25:25 we're actually running five boats 25:27 in three different operating bases 25:29 and all of our boats are staffed by volunteers. 25:33 And we work with between 200-250 part-time volunteers, 25:38 medical, dental professionals. 25:40 And you know its something we always talk 25:43 with like how do you continue growing 25:44 an organization on volunteers? 25:47 And yet we've seen that God has called people 25:49 volunteers to have a burden 25:52 to come out and reach these people and people come out 25:55 and they start to serve and they feel like 25:58 there's so much to be done 25:59 and I want to be a part in reaching these people. 26:02 OCI and all of its affiliates 26:05 are a great underlying support 26:07 to the local organizational outreach 26:11 and our mission emphasis in trying to help people realize 26:14 that Jesus is coming soon 26:16 and they do it in a very practical way. 26:20 In 2010 our ministry actually became members of OCI 26:24 which I think right from the get go has 26:27 has been a huge blessing to us. 26:29 I think probably the first and most wonderful assistance 26:33 really was getting experienced leaders 26:36 involved that helped counsel and orient and pray with. 26:40 And I think an addition 26:42 to that really going to OCI Leadership Retreats 26:45 and then actually getting to me other missionaries 26:48 that are going through 26:49 some of the exact same things you are. 26:51 You know we're not just here 26:52 in the middle of the Amazon all by ourselves 26:54 but there's people all over the world doing 26:56 what we're doing. 26:57 And we're part of that family 26:58 we are part of that team and try to inspire them 27:01 that we're all working together for the same cause. 27:03 I think that's what OCI helped inspiring me. 27:08 Following in the wake of the original Luzerio boats 27:12 Amazon, Lifesavers continues to navigate 27:15 the Amazon and its tributaries. 27:18 Their ultimate aim is to introduce the people 27:21 in these remote villages 27:24 to the great physician Jesus Christ. 27:28 Brad and Lina Mills have taken to heart 27:30 Leo Halliwell's motto that service 27:34 is a privilege and not a sacrifice. 27:41 I encourage each of you 27:42 to consider what you can do 27:44 to help growing work of OCI 27:46 all around the world. 27:48 We deeply value your support. 27:52 Please visit us at outpostcenters.org. 27:56 To learn more about the worldwide work of OCI 27:59 and our member ministries such as Amazon Lifesavers. 28:04 To contact us email info@outpostcenters.org 28:10 or feel free to call us 28:18 We would love to hear from you. 28:21 For OCI Reports this is Steven Grabiner. |
Revised 2014-12-17