Here in Geneva,
00:00:23.52\00:00:24.85
the Reformers Wall
commemorates the role
00:00:24.89\00:00:27.69
that this city played
00:00:27.72\00:00:29.26
in the Protestant Reformation.
00:00:29.29\00:00:31.53
The city became a refuge
00:00:31.56\00:00:33.36
for many of the hunted reformers
00:00:33.40\00:00:35.56
of Western Europe.
00:00:35.60\00:00:37.43
John Knox from Scotland
spent several years here
00:00:37.47\00:00:40.80
and the Protestants
of Holland and Spain
00:00:40.84\00:00:43.91
and the Huguenots from France
00:00:43.94\00:00:45.71
all sought
refuge here in the city,
00:00:45.74\00:00:47.94
but then carried the
gospel from here elsewhere.
00:00:47.98\00:00:51.75
Indeed, this city
00:00:51.78\00:00:53.48
has often been referred
to as The Protestant Rome.
00:00:53.52\00:00:58.19
The city publicly
accepted the Reformed faith
00:01:07.00\00:01:11.10
on the 21st of May 1536
00:01:11.13\00:01:15.30
and whilst
Farel was a key player
00:01:15.34\00:01:18.14
in the Reformation here,
00:01:18.17\00:01:19.67
it was Calvin that
would make this city famous.
00:01:19.71\00:01:23.75
Some have referred to Calvin
as the International Reformer,
00:01:23.78\00:01:27.85
such was his influence
00:01:27.88\00:01:29.55
beyond the
boundaries of the city limits.
00:01:29.58\00:01:31.82
The central idea
that Calvin developed
00:01:36.26\00:01:39.06
was that a consistent and
coherent theological system
00:01:39.09\00:01:43.53
could be derived and defended
on the basis of the Bible.
00:01:43.57\00:01:47.90
Calvin's greatest legacy
was arguably not any doctrine
00:01:47.94\00:01:52.57
but rather a demonstration
00:01:52.61\00:01:54.61
of how the Bible
could serve as a foundation
00:01:54.64\00:01:57.71
of a stable understanding
of Christian belief
00:01:57.75\00:02:01.22
and structures.
00:02:01.25\00:02:02.58
Another key thing that
Calvin did for the city
00:02:09.19\00:02:12.96
was founding the
University of Geneva
00:02:12.99\00:02:15.76
in 1559.
00:02:15.80\00:02:18.33
Calvin had a
huge sway of influence
00:02:18.37\00:02:21.84
over the notable men and
women of that time in the 1600s.
00:02:21.87\00:02:26.91
His influence spread
to England, Scotland,
00:02:26.94\00:02:29.78
France, Germany,
it was far-reaching.
00:02:29.81\00:02:33.62
In fact, from this city,
00:02:33.65\00:02:35.78
over 1,700 preachers
were sent out to France alone,
00:02:35.82\00:02:41.12
1,785 congregations were formed
00:02:41.16\00:02:46.09
in the country of France,
00:02:46.13\00:02:47.80
and the preachers
that were trained here
00:02:47.83\00:02:49.73
had to secretly make
their way over to France.
00:02:49.76\00:02:53.60
They used an
underground network system
00:02:53.64\00:02:56.54
similar to the
one used by the French
00:02:56.57\00:02:58.67
during the
Resistance in World War II.
00:02:58.71\00:03:01.14
They would sneak
across the border,
00:03:01.18\00:03:02.98
and they would make
their way from house to house
00:03:03.01\00:03:05.48
until they reached
their place of work
00:03:05.51\00:03:07.78
in the country of France.
00:03:07.82\00:03:09.58
One of the greatest
things to happen here in Geneva
00:03:15.16\00:03:17.59
was the publishing
of the Geneva Bible,
00:03:17.63\00:03:20.20
the first English version
that had numbered verses in it.
00:03:20.23\00:03:24.50
The theme of the
Reformation here in Geneva
00:03:24.53\00:03:27.60
was Post Tenebras Lux,
00:03:27.64\00:03:30.17
meaning After Darkness Light
00:03:30.21\00:03:34.18
and truly a lesson we can
learn from the Reformation here
00:03:34.21\00:03:38.55
was that when God's Word
is studied, when it is read,
00:03:38.58\00:03:42.15
it takes the
darkness of our minds away
00:03:42.18\00:03:44.92
and brings light.
00:03:44.95\00:03:46.29
May we study God's Word,
00:03:46.32\00:03:48.32
may we spend time in God's Word,
00:03:48.36\00:03:50.96
that the darkness of our mind
00:03:50.99\00:03:52.79
may be removed by
the light of God's Word.
00:03:52.83\00:03:56.00
The Reformation
of the 16th century
00:04:54.49\00:04:56.69
was not limited
to the powerhouses
00:04:56.73\00:04:58.93
of Switzerland, Germany,
00:04:58.96\00:05:00.80
France, England, and Scotland
00:05:00.83\00:05:03.20
but also in the Nordic countries
00:05:03.23\00:05:04.97
of Scandinavia
00:05:05.00\00:05:06.33
something
special would take place.
00:05:06.37\00:05:08.60
Whilst the fires of martyrs
were burning all across England
00:05:08.64\00:05:12.21
during the reign
of bloody Queen Mary.
00:05:12.24\00:05:14.54
And the Protestants
in France were persecuted
00:05:14.58\00:05:17.05
on numerous occasions.
00:05:17.08\00:05:18.51
In Sweden and Denmark,
00:05:18.55\00:05:20.52
the Reformation would
unfold much more peacefully
00:05:20.55\00:05:23.99
and one could argue
00:05:24.02\00:05:25.45
they had a greater
proportional impact
00:05:25.49\00:05:27.76
in each respective country.
00:05:27.79\00:05:29.86
The story of the
Scandinavian Reformation
00:05:29.89\00:05:32.69
is inextricably
linked to Martin Luther
00:05:32.73\00:05:35.93
and the Protestant
bastion of Wittenberg.
00:05:35.96\00:05:38.53
In the country of Denmark,
00:05:44.77\00:05:46.27
one of the principal
figures in the Reformation
00:05:46.31\00:05:48.71
was a man named Hans Tausen.
00:05:48.74\00:05:51.05
Like many others,
00:05:51.08\00:05:52.41
he had grown up
in a Catholic family
00:05:52.45\00:05:54.12
and spent some
of his early years
00:05:54.15\00:05:55.92
in a cloister.
00:05:55.95\00:05:57.29
He completed
much of his education
00:05:57.32\00:05:59.25
in Denmark
00:05:59.29\00:06:00.62
where he was noted
for his understanding
00:06:00.66\00:06:02.49
of Latin and Hebrew,
00:06:02.52\00:06:04.13
but he would also go
on to study in Cologne.
00:06:04.16\00:06:06.70
Whilst there,
00:06:06.73\00:06:08.06
he came across some
of Luther's writings
00:06:08.10\00:06:10.10
and in 1523,
00:06:10.13\00:06:12.13
he went to Germany
where he met Martin Luther
00:06:12.17\00:06:14.97
and became
acquainted with the new ideas
00:06:15.00\00:06:17.11
that were being espoused.
00:06:17.14\00:06:18.87
He would spend 18 months
studying there with Luther,
00:06:18.91\00:06:22.58
after which he
would return to Denmark
00:06:22.61\00:06:25.01
where initially
he kept it a secret
00:06:25.05\00:06:27.48
that he had been in Wittenberg.
00:06:27.52\00:06:29.32
However, the good
news of the gospel
00:06:37.29\00:06:39.36
could not be hidden forever,
00:06:39.39\00:06:40.80
and it was only a matter of time
00:06:40.83\00:06:42.90
before his teachings
were noted to be different
00:06:42.93\00:06:45.60
from that of others.
00:06:45.63\00:06:47.10
He was soon
expelled from the cloister,
00:06:47.14\00:06:49.67
but this was
perhaps the biggest mistake
00:06:49.70\00:06:51.84
that his opponents could make.
00:06:51.87\00:06:53.68
Now they had no
control over him,
00:06:53.71\00:06:56.11
and he was able
to travel and preach
00:06:56.14\00:06:58.11
throughout the whole country,
causing a great revival.
00:06:58.15\00:07:01.68
He also translated
the Pentateuch into Danish
00:07:01.72\00:07:05.09
and this was circulated widely.
00:07:05.12\00:07:07.26
Tausen lived
faithfully here in Denmark
00:07:11.96\00:07:14.86
for the rest of his life
00:07:14.90\00:07:16.30
and his influence was
key in this whole country
00:07:16.33\00:07:19.43
accepting the Reformed faith.
00:07:19.47\00:07:21.84
This church here in Copenhagen
was built and named after him
00:07:21.87\00:07:26.44
in memory of the
great influence he had
00:07:26.47\00:07:29.04
on the spiritual
history of this nation.
00:07:29.08\00:07:31.41
Around the same time as Tausen
00:07:39.35\00:07:41.76
was causing a
revival in Denmark,
00:07:41.79\00:07:44.46
the Petri brothers
were having a similar impact
00:07:44.49\00:07:46.90
here in Sweden.
00:07:46.93\00:07:48.73
The work in these
two countries shows
00:07:48.76\00:07:51.37
that the disciples
were just as powerful
00:07:51.40\00:07:54.04
and scholarly as the
giants under which they studied.
00:07:54.07\00:07:57.91
Olof and Laurentius Petri,
00:08:04.21\00:08:06.05
the sons of a
blacksmith in Orebro,
00:08:06.08\00:08:08.62
both studied at the
University of Wittenberg
00:08:08.65\00:08:11.32
where they were influenced
by Luther and Melanchthon.
00:08:11.35\00:08:14.39
Olof completed
his Master's in 1519
00:08:14.42\00:08:17.56
and they both returned back
to their homeland of Sweden.
00:08:17.59\00:08:21.13
They helped to
translate the Bible into Swedish
00:08:21.16\00:08:23.97
and through their hard
work, at the Diet of Vasteras,
00:08:24.00\00:08:27.40
Sweden was declared Lutheran,
the first country to do so.
00:08:27.44\00:08:31.84
Olof Petri was
buried here in this church
00:08:39.05\00:08:42.78
which later became
the National Cathedral,
00:08:42.82\00:08:45.45
supplanting the
Uppsala Cathedral,
00:08:45.49\00:08:47.72
a testament to the great work
that he and his brother did.
00:08:47.76\00:08:51.99
While it might have been
easier for the Petri brothers
00:08:58.70\00:09:01.84
or Tausen to live, study,
00:09:01.87\00:09:04.11
and work in a place
like Wittenberg or Geneva,
00:09:04.14\00:09:07.44
God had a better
thing in store for them.
00:09:07.48\00:09:10.45
Their destiny was to
return to their homeland
00:09:10.48\00:09:13.58
and preach the gospel there.
00:09:13.62\00:09:15.58
They knew the
language, the culture,
00:09:15.62\00:09:17.55
and the customs,
00:09:17.59\00:09:18.92
and they were
able to do a work there
00:09:18.95\00:09:20.66
that others from elsewhere
would not have been able to do.
00:09:20.69\00:09:24.36
Whatever work you do,
00:09:24.39\00:09:25.96
may you start with
that which lies nearest.
00:09:25.99\00:09:28.76
Whether it be your home church
which might be small, humble,
00:09:28.80\00:09:32.37
and not so lively,
00:09:32.40\00:09:33.74
or maybe it's your home country.
00:09:33.77\00:09:35.70
Not everyone is
called to go to a faraway
00:09:35.74\00:09:38.07
and distant land,
00:09:38.11\00:09:39.44
but we can all
start working for God
00:09:39.47\00:09:41.78
right where we are.
00:09:41.81\00:09:43.38
May you follow God's call
00:09:43.41\00:09:45.21
as these men did
in years gone by.
00:09:45.25\00:09:48.22
The 16th century was populated
by some of the greatest minds
00:10:48.44\00:10:51.75
in religious history
00:10:51.78\00:10:53.11
Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, Knox,
00:10:53.15\00:10:55.92
Latimer, Ridley, Cranmer,
00:10:55.95\00:10:58.05
and sitting comfortably
00:10:58.09\00:10:59.42
amongst this group of luminaries
00:10:59.45\00:11:01.22
was William Tyndale,
translator of the English Bible.
00:11:01.26\00:11:05.36
Tyndale was born in
Gloucestershire in 1494
00:11:05.39\00:11:08.93
in a small village
called North Nibley,
00:11:08.96\00:11:11.50
marked today by this monument
overlooking the village.
00:11:11.53\00:11:15.30
He was educated at Oxford
and completed his BA in 1512
00:11:23.14\00:11:27.22
and his MA in 1515
00:11:27.25\00:11:29.58
before coming here
to Cambridge University
00:11:29.62\00:11:32.62
where he met
Dutch scholar Erasmus,
00:11:32.65\00:11:34.99
who was teaching Greek.
00:11:35.02\00:11:36.89
Tyndale wanted to translate
the Bible into English,
00:11:36.93\00:11:39.86
but no one in England
was willing to undertake
00:11:39.89\00:11:42.86
such a daring task.
00:11:42.90\00:11:44.53
Since 1408, the
Oxford commission
00:11:49.70\00:11:52.41
had forbidden the
translation of the Bible
00:11:52.44\00:11:55.04
into the English language,
00:11:55.08\00:11:56.54
even prohibiting its use
00:11:56.58\00:11:58.71
in the training
curriculum for preachers.
00:11:58.75\00:12:01.38
Cochlaeus, a
notorious papal theologian
00:12:01.42\00:12:04.62
had this perspective,
00:12:04.65\00:12:06.52
"The New Testament translated
00:12:06.55\00:12:08.32
into the language of
the people is in truth
00:12:08.36\00:12:10.79
the food of death,
00:12:10.83\00:12:12.36
the fuel of sin,
the veil of malice,
00:12:12.39\00:12:15.43
the pretext of false liberty,
the protection of disobedience,
00:12:15.46\00:12:19.30
the corruption of discipline,
the depravity of morals,
00:12:19.33\00:12:23.04
the termination of
concord, the death of honesty,
00:12:23.07\00:12:26.71
the wellspring of
vices, the disease of virtues,
00:12:26.74\00:12:30.38
instigation of rebellion,
00:12:30.41\00:12:32.25
the milk of pride, the
nourishment of contempt,
00:12:32.28\00:12:35.85
the death of peace,
the destruction of charity,
00:12:35.88\00:12:39.29
the enemy of unity,
the murderer of truth!"
00:12:39.32\00:12:42.79
Immersed in such a climate,
00:12:49.53\00:12:51.27
Tyndale encountered a
learned friend who said,
00:12:51.30\00:12:54.47
"We were better
without God's laws
00:12:54.50\00:12:56.60
than the pope's."
00:12:56.64\00:12:57.97
To which Tyndale responded,
00:12:58.01\00:12:59.44
"I defy the pope
and all his laws.
00:12:59.47\00:13:02.48
If God spare my
life, ere many years
00:13:02.51\00:13:05.35
I will cause a boy
that driveth the plow
00:13:05.38\00:13:08.38
shall know more
of the scriptures
00:13:08.42\00:13:10.02
than thou doest."
00:13:10.05\00:13:11.39
Forbidden to work in England,
00:13:15.26\00:13:17.29
Tyndale traveled through Europe
00:13:17.33\00:13:19.29
from Hamburg to
Cologne to Worms to Antwerp,
00:13:19.33\00:13:22.93
using the Greek and Hebrew texts
00:13:22.96\00:13:25.33
to craft a masterpiece
of the English language.
00:13:25.37\00:13:29.20
Time and time again, the
papacy tried to stop his work,
00:13:29.24\00:13:33.78
but the Lord
watched over His servant.
00:13:33.81\00:13:36.54
One account tells us
00:13:36.58\00:13:37.91
how the Bishop of Durham,
seeking to hinder his work,
00:13:37.95\00:13:40.98
bought all his Bibles,
00:13:41.02\00:13:42.75
but this merely provided
him with the money he needed
00:13:42.78\00:13:45.79
to produce a larger
number of better-quality Bibles.
00:13:45.82\00:13:49.72
Tyndale contributed
00:13:54.13\00:13:55.46
as much to the scholarship
of English literature
00:13:55.50\00:13:58.33
as Shakespeare and Chaucer,
00:13:58.37\00:13:59.97
producing many
of the translations
00:14:00.00\00:14:01.87
of the Bible
00:14:01.90\00:14:03.24
that we use today.
00:14:03.27\00:14:04.61
In fact, much of
the King James Bible
00:14:04.64\00:14:06.88
produced 60 years later
00:14:06.91\00:14:08.91
was taken almost
verbatim from Tyndale's Bible.
00:14:08.94\00:14:12.81
Phrases such as,
00:14:12.85\00:14:14.18
"The Spirit is
willing but the flesh is weak.
00:14:14.22\00:14:17.15
O death, where is thy
sting?" And "Seek ye first."
00:14:17.19\00:14:21.22
All these came
from William Tyndale.
00:14:21.26\00:14:24.36
Today, there are
two remaining copies
00:14:24.39\00:14:27.10
of Tyndale's Bible,
00:14:27.13\00:14:28.46
one of which is here
in the British Library,
00:14:28.50\00:14:31.30
purchased for 1 million pounds
00:14:31.33\00:14:33.67
and accessible to
view free of charge.
00:14:33.70\00:14:36.07
Sadly, Tyndale was betrayed
by Henry Phillips in Antwerp
00:14:39.97\00:14:43.95
who feigned friendship
00:14:43.98\00:14:45.45
in order to gain Tyndale's trust
00:14:45.48\00:14:47.98
and betrayed him to guards
as he was leaving his house.
00:14:48.02\00:14:51.55
He was taken to a
castle in Vilvoorde, Belgium,
00:14:51.59\00:14:54.62
condemned as a
heretic, strangled,
00:14:54.66\00:14:57.36
and burned to death in 1536.
00:14:57.39\00:15:00.46
His last words were,
00:15:00.50\00:15:02.63
"Lord, open the
King of England's eyes."
00:15:02.66\00:15:06.30
Within one year of his death,
00:15:06.33\00:15:08.47
a Bible was placed
in every parish church
00:15:08.50\00:15:11.51
throughout the whole of
England by order of the king.
00:15:11.54\00:15:14.68
The poignant
Christian song tells us,
00:15:17.81\00:15:20.12
"Martyr's blood
stains each page.
00:15:20.15\00:15:23.12
They have died for this faith.
00:15:23.15\00:15:25.19
Hear them cry through the years.
00:15:25.22\00:15:27.29
O heed these words
and hold them dear."
00:15:27.32\00:15:30.29
The Word of God has come
to us at such great cost.
00:15:30.33\00:15:34.06
May we not treat it
flippantly, haphazardly,
00:15:34.10\00:15:36.87
but may we treasure
it and commit to study
00:15:36.90\00:15:39.77
and share God's Word each day.
00:15:39.80\00:15:42.34
St. Andrews today is
famous for two things.
00:16:32.29\00:16:35.32
Number one, it's
the home of golf.
00:16:35.36\00:16:37.49
And number two,
00:16:37.53\00:16:38.86
it's the town where
Prince William met Kate
00:16:38.89\00:16:41.06
whilst he was
studying at university.
00:16:41.10\00:16:43.16
But it's the
spiritual history of this town
00:16:43.20\00:16:45.20
that is most
interesting and significant.
00:16:45.23\00:16:47.60
St. Andrews was
the town in the 1500s
00:16:47.64\00:16:50.31
where the first
Protestant Scottish martyr
00:16:50.34\00:16:52.81
was burned for his faith.
00:16:52.84\00:16:54.61
His name was Patrick Hamilton,
00:16:54.64\00:16:56.58
and he is remembered by a spot
00:16:56.61\00:16:58.35
with his initials on the ground.
00:16:58.38\00:17:00.42
But we fast
forward to the year 1538
00:17:07.56\00:17:10.29
when Cardinal
David Beaton took over
00:17:10.33\00:17:12.93
and made it his
mission to catch a reformer
00:17:12.96\00:17:15.20
by the name of George Wishart
and stamp out what he saw
00:17:15.23\00:17:18.60
as the growing
heresy in Scotland.
00:17:18.63\00:17:20.90
At the time, George
was only a young man,
00:17:20.94\00:17:23.67
25 years old.
00:17:23.71\00:17:25.64
And he stayed one
step ahead of the cardinal
00:17:25.67\00:17:28.14
and escaped and went
to Cambridge University
00:17:28.18\00:17:30.95
where he met with Hugh Latimer,
00:17:30.98\00:17:32.55
and together they
went on to Bristol.
00:17:32.58\00:17:34.75
He was only there
for about six months
00:17:34.78\00:17:36.85
when he got into trouble
again and had to flee the city.
00:17:36.89\00:17:40.46
He went to Switzerland
where he spent three years
00:17:50.10\00:17:52.67
traveling to various cities,
including Geneva and Zurich,
00:17:52.70\00:17:56.54
and he had the chance to meet
with John Calvin and Bullinger
00:17:56.57\00:17:59.71
where he was able to study
00:17:59.74\00:18:01.31
and crystallize his
views on the gospel.
00:18:01.34\00:18:04.05
In 1542,
00:18:04.08\00:18:05.65
he returned to the British Isles
00:18:05.68\00:18:07.15
and went to Cambridge
00:18:07.18\00:18:08.52
where he taught
at the university.
00:18:08.55\00:18:10.39
After teaching for one year,
00:18:10.42\00:18:12.05
he then returned to Scotland
00:18:12.09\00:18:13.92
where he began to
preach the gospel in cities
00:18:13.96\00:18:16.39
around the country.
00:18:16.42\00:18:17.76
He went to Montrose to
teach the Book of Romans,
00:18:22.73\00:18:25.30
and then he went to Dundee.
00:18:25.33\00:18:27.04
Beaton followed him
there, but Wishart hid from him.
00:18:27.07\00:18:30.01
Then he went to Perth
to preach and then to Ayr.
00:18:30.04\00:18:33.21
The archbishop followed
him, but he could not catch him.
00:18:33.24\00:18:36.85
He then went back to Dundee
00:18:36.88\00:18:38.88
and a priest by the
name of John Wighton
00:18:38.91\00:18:41.45
was sent to kill him,
00:18:41.48\00:18:42.82
but the crowd
turned against him.
00:18:42.85\00:18:45.42
George Wishart was
much loved by his countrymen
00:18:45.45\00:18:48.56
as he didn't just preach
00:18:48.59\00:18:50.06
but had a very
practical side to his ministry.
00:18:50.09\00:18:52.89
In one instance in
the city of Dundee,
00:18:52.93\00:18:55.26
when the plague broke out
most people fled the city,
00:18:55.30\00:18:58.53
but George Wishart
went into the city,
00:18:58.57\00:19:00.80
so he could care for
the sick and the suffering.
00:19:00.84\00:19:03.20
Towards the end of
his life, he met John Knox
00:19:14.52\00:19:17.19
who was a young man at the time
00:19:17.22\00:19:18.85
and would go on to be a
great leader in his own right
00:19:18.89\00:19:21.46
in the Scottish Reformation.
00:19:21.49\00:19:23.12
He started out
essentially as a bodyguard
00:19:23.16\00:19:25.49
for George Wishart,
00:19:25.53\00:19:26.86
carrying a
two-handed sword with him
00:19:26.90\00:19:28.73
as he traveled
around the country.
00:19:28.76\00:19:30.60
They built a strong
bond as teacher and student
00:19:30.63\00:19:33.74
until finally Cardinal
Beaton, with 500 soldiers,
00:19:33.77\00:19:37.97
captured George Wishart.
00:19:38.01\00:19:39.97
John Knox wanted to
follow George into captivity
00:19:40.01\00:19:43.18
but was told to
stay with the words,
00:19:43.21\00:19:45.38
"One is
sufficient for sacrifice."
00:19:45.41\00:19:48.02
He was brought
here to the castle
00:19:56.29\00:19:58.09
and put here in the sea
tower where he was imprisoned.
00:19:58.13\00:20:01.40
He was then tried,
and as he was tried,
00:20:01.43\00:20:03.33
he answered all his
accusations from the Bible.
00:20:03.37\00:20:06.37
They were not satisfied,
and he was condemned to death.
00:20:06.40\00:20:09.47
Outside the castle walls,
00:20:09.50\00:20:11.27
the initials GW are
imprinted on the ground,
00:20:11.31\00:20:14.94
marking the exact spot
00:20:14.98\00:20:16.88
where George
Wishart gave his life
00:20:16.91\00:20:18.98
at the young age of 33.
00:20:19.01\00:20:21.12
Two things we
learn from this man.
00:20:32.43\00:20:34.43
Number one, in
his ministry and life
00:20:34.46\00:20:36.87
he was incredibly faithful
00:20:36.90\00:20:38.60
and was ministering
to the sick and suffering
00:20:38.63\00:20:41.00
as he traveled
around the country.
00:20:41.04\00:20:42.87
Number two,
00:20:42.90\00:20:44.24
we learn about the power
and importance of preaching.
00:20:44.27\00:20:47.41
How in two years as he
traveled around the country,
00:20:47.44\00:20:50.15
he caused great revival,
00:20:50.18\00:20:51.95
making a lasting
change and impression here
00:20:51.98\00:20:54.78
in this country.
00:20:54.82\00:20:56.15
The thing that stands
out to me the most though,
00:20:56.18\00:20:58.32
is how young he was.
00:20:58.35\00:20:59.69
That he died at the age of 33.
00:20:59.72\00:21:02.29
He was a teacher at
Cambridge at the age of 29.
00:21:02.32\00:21:05.66
He gave his youth to God,
00:21:05.69\00:21:07.50
and God used him
in a powerful way.
00:21:07.53\00:21:09.90
God is calling for
young people again today,
00:21:09.93\00:21:12.90
young people who
will give their talents
00:21:12.93\00:21:14.74
and their gifts to Him
00:21:14.77\00:21:16.10
and allow themselves to
be used in a powerful way.
00:21:16.14\00:21:19.57
George Wishart was now dead,
but the story was not over.
00:22:05.42\00:22:09.56
Shortly after his death
00:22:09.59\00:22:11.09
some of his friends
gained entry to the castle
00:22:11.13\00:22:13.70
and took
Cardinal Beaton captive.
00:22:13.73\00:22:15.96
They put him as a
prisoner here in the sea tower,
00:22:16.00\00:22:18.97
the same place
where John Knox commented
00:22:19.00\00:22:21.34
that many of God's children
00:22:21.37\00:22:23.30
had been
imprisoned for their faith.
00:22:23.34\00:22:25.31
Some of
Cardinal Beaton's friends
00:22:30.58\00:22:32.31
then tried to dig a
tunnel under the wall
00:22:32.35\00:22:34.48
which can be seen to this
day, but they were unsuccessful.
00:22:34.52\00:22:38.05
Cardinal Beaton was then killed
00:22:38.09\00:22:40.49
and hung out the
window of this tower
00:22:40.52\00:22:42.79
while they had
00:22:42.82\00:22:44.16
the first Protestant
church service in Scotland
00:22:44.19\00:22:46.26
here in St. Andrews Castle.
00:22:46.29\00:22:48.46
Not everything that
Reformers did in the past
00:22:48.50\00:22:50.93
is to be imitated or was right.
00:22:50.97\00:22:53.44
Ultimately, we
have to look to Jesus
00:22:53.47\00:22:55.44
as our example in all things.
00:22:55.47\00:22:57.24
John Knox would
later join these believers
00:23:03.14\00:23:05.58
and was here in the castle
00:23:05.61\00:23:07.08
when he was
captured by the French Navy.
00:23:07.12\00:23:09.48
Along with some others
00:23:09.52\00:23:10.85
he was sentenced to
work as a galley slave,
00:23:10.89\00:23:13.25
and did this for 19 months.
00:23:13.29\00:23:15.26
Then he was released.
00:23:15.29\00:23:16.62
No one really knows why
00:23:16.66\00:23:18.19
because it was not normal custom
00:23:18.23\00:23:19.69
to release a galley slave,
00:23:19.73\00:23:21.43
but Providence must
have been in his favor.
00:23:21.46\00:23:24.53
He returned to Scotland
00:23:24.57\00:23:25.90
but soon after,
he went to England
00:23:25.93\00:23:27.84
where he spent some
time with Thomas Cranmer,
00:23:27.87\00:23:30.04
Archbishop of Canterbury
00:23:30.07\00:23:31.74
and then he also
went to Berwick-Upon-Tweed
00:23:31.77\00:23:34.14
where he preached
and ministered there.
00:23:34.18\00:23:36.14
Soon after Mary,
a staunch Catholic,
00:23:41.82\00:23:44.65
came to the throne in 1553,
00:23:44.69\00:23:47.46
he left Britain
and went to Europe
00:23:47.49\00:23:49.89
where he settled
for several years
00:23:49.92\00:23:51.89
in Switzerland.
00:23:51.93\00:23:53.33
He spent time with John Calvin
00:23:53.36\00:23:55.40
and this
powerful reformer, Calvin,
00:23:55.43\00:23:57.63
would have a huge
impact on his life,
00:23:57.67\00:24:00.20
on his theology,
00:24:00.24\00:24:01.57
and on the reforms
that he would later lead
00:24:01.60\00:24:04.04
here in the country of Scotland.
00:24:04.07\00:24:06.68
In 1559, he
returned here to Scotland,
00:24:11.98\00:24:15.12
this time for good,
00:24:15.15\00:24:16.48
and took over as
the minister here
00:24:16.52\00:24:18.25
in St Giles' Cathedral,
00:24:18.29\00:24:19.92
becoming its first
Protestant minister.
00:24:19.95\00:24:22.46
Whilst here, they
abolished the mass
00:24:22.49\00:24:25.03
and repudiated
papal jurisdiction.
00:24:25.06\00:24:27.66
As well as preaching,
00:24:33.77\00:24:35.10
he was also instrumental
00:24:35.14\00:24:36.77
in writing some
important documents
00:24:36.81\00:24:38.67
that helped to frame the church.
00:24:38.71\00:24:40.78
He along with five other men,
incidentally all named John,
00:24:40.81\00:24:45.11
wrote the Scots
Confession of Faith
00:24:45.15\00:24:47.28
which explained
what the church believes,
00:24:47.32\00:24:49.38
and the Book of Common Order
which replaced the Prayer Book
00:24:49.42\00:24:52.72
and was officially
adopted by the church in 1560.
00:24:52.75\00:24:56.42
Despite the fact that
he traveled extensively
00:25:03.77\00:25:06.10
throughout his life
00:25:06.13\00:25:07.47
to different parts
of Britain and Europe,
00:25:07.50\00:25:09.50
he always maintained a
deep passion for Scotland,
00:25:09.54\00:25:12.67
famously saying once,
"Give me Scotland or I die."
00:25:12.71\00:25:16.78
He always kept in his
mind his home country,
00:25:16.81\00:25:19.65
a place that had
been laid upon his heart.
00:25:19.68\00:25:22.35
I remember once as a
young minister being told,
00:25:22.38\00:25:25.19
"Your calling is
where your burden lies."
00:25:25.22\00:25:28.26
Maybe today you
find yourself in a place,
00:25:28.29\00:25:30.83
a town, or a country
00:25:30.86\00:25:32.33
that's not the exact place
00:25:32.36\00:25:34.20
that the Lord has
called you to minister.
00:25:34.23\00:25:36.73
Stay faithful to
Him, work where you are,
00:25:36.77\00:25:39.57
and pray that the Lord
would open doors to minister
00:25:39.60\00:25:42.57
where your burden truly lies.
00:25:42.60\00:25:45.07
For John Knox that was Scotland,
00:25:45.11\00:25:46.91
his homeland.
00:25:46.94\00:25:48.28
For you it may
not be your hometown
00:25:48.31\00:25:49.94
or your home country,
00:25:49.98\00:25:51.31
but it may be a
far-off foreign mission land.
00:25:51.35\00:25:54.45
Wherever it is,
be faithful to God
00:25:54.48\00:25:57.15
and follow as He leads.
00:25:57.19\00:25:59.45