Welcome to "The Liberty Insider." 00:00:22.61\00:00:24.78 This is the program that brings you 00:00:24.81\00:00:26.37 news, views, discussion, and opinion 00:00:26.40\00:00:28.45 on religious liberty events 00:00:28.48\00:00:30.12 in the United States and around the world. 00:00:30.15\00:00:32.40 My name is Lincoln Steed, editor of "Liberty Magazine" 00:00:32.43\00:00:35.65 and my very special guest 00:00:35.68\00:00:37.36 on the program is Clifford Goldstein. 00:00:37.39\00:00:39.94 Now, some of our viewers may know you're Clifford 00:00:39.97\00:00:42.72 but I know you mostly as the previous editor 00:00:42.75\00:00:45.31 of "Liberty Magazine" and presently 00:00:45.34\00:00:47.52 you're the editor of the Sabbath School Lesson Quarterlies 00:00:47.55\00:00:50.36 for the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. 00:00:50.39\00:00:52.17 But let's talk about "Liberty Magazine." What? 00:00:52.20\00:00:54.73 For seven years, wasn't it, you were editor? 00:00:54.76\00:00:56.13 Yeah. I had written for it 00:00:56.16\00:00:58.04 for a number of years and worked with-- 00:00:58.07\00:00:59.98 You have a very long association with it. Yes. 00:01:00.01\00:01:02.00 And then I came in and I was there 00:01:02.03\00:01:03.45 about seven years, till I left. 00:01:03.48\00:01:05.37 But, you know, "Religious Liberty" 00:01:05.40\00:01:07.46 is a movable feast and you ate at that table 00:01:07.49\00:01:10.43 for a long time. Yeah. 00:01:10.46\00:01:11.83 What are some of your views on it as you look back on it 00:01:11.86\00:01:14.42 and maybe relate to what's happening now and what-- 00:01:14.45\00:01:17.34 Well, you know, it's very interesting, 00:01:17.37\00:01:19.13 because when you're immersed in it 00:01:19.16\00:01:20.88 and I was a lot younger 00:01:20.91\00:01:22.40 and I thought I had all the answers. 00:01:22.43\00:01:24.25 And everything was clear cut-- 00:01:24.28\00:01:25.65 You don't have them now? No, no. 00:01:25.68\00:01:27.27 And in fact even as I-- Yeah. 00:01:27.30\00:01:29.26 The longer, the more, you know, 00:01:29.29\00:01:30.66 it's that classical thing, the more you read, 00:01:30.69\00:01:32.42 the more you learn, the more you realize, you don't learn. 00:01:32.45\00:01:34.69 It's a very complex topic. Yeah. 00:01:34.72\00:01:36.09 Well, that was a thing that was very complex 00:01:36.12\00:01:38.28 and I started out with this idea 00:01:38.31\00:01:41.92 that church state separation was something that emanated 00:01:41.95\00:01:47.04 from the very nature of God himself. 00:01:47.07\00:01:50.58 And by promoting church state separation, 00:01:50.61\00:01:53.17 we were, you know, tapping into that. 00:01:53.20\00:01:55.44 And even though I'm for church state separation 00:01:55.47\00:01:58.16 of course, really it's much more complicated than that. 00:01:58.19\00:02:02.81 Well, it's more complicated than that, 00:02:02.84\00:02:04.21 but that is a bedrock principle. 00:02:04.24\00:02:05.82 I remember reading recently 00:02:05.85\00:02:07.29 the charter of how Seventh-Day Adventist Church 00:02:07.32\00:02:09.66 Religious Liberty moved but not the magazine. 00:02:09.69\00:02:11.80 And they put down there that they would fight against 00:02:11.83\00:02:13.63 anything and everything that diminished 00:02:13.66\00:02:15.60 the separation of church and states. 00:02:15.63\00:02:17.39 What is really funny though, 00:02:17.42\00:02:18.79 you know, what's very interesting 00:02:18.82\00:02:20.19 to and from our standpoint, from a prophetic standpoint, 00:02:20.22\00:02:23.22 how among many secular people, 00:02:23.25\00:02:26.25 I mean, among many of the religious people, 00:02:26.28\00:02:28.90 the concept of separation in church 00:02:28.93\00:02:30.80 and state has now become an anathema. 00:02:30.83\00:02:32.49 Well, this is what we need to dwell on not just this program. 00:02:32.52\00:02:34.84 I want to take another program to talk about that-- 00:02:34.87\00:02:37.02 I think in some ways it's perverted. 00:02:37.05\00:02:38.42 There are people who do the stupidest things 00:02:38.45\00:02:40.73 in the name of separation of church and state. 00:02:40.76\00:02:43.35 Some kid sits down and wants to pray over his meal 00:02:43.38\00:02:45.73 at lunch in a public school. 00:02:45.76\00:02:47.39 And they say, "You can't do that, 00:02:47.42\00:02:48.79 that's violating separation of churches." 00:02:48.82\00:02:50.71 That's got nothing to do with separation of churches. 00:02:50.74\00:02:52.71 Plus that's legally false anyhow-- 00:02:52.74\00:02:54.21 Yeah, of course, of course, you know, that was--so there was 00:02:54.24\00:02:57.09 because some things had been done, 00:02:57.12\00:02:58.87 but the troublesome thing is many traditional churches 00:02:58.90\00:03:02.47 that traditionally were very strong proponents 00:03:02.50\00:03:05.82 of church state separation-- 00:03:05.85\00:03:07.36 Have changed. Have changed. 00:03:07.39\00:03:08.76 And, you know, are now, you know, are hostile to it. 00:03:08.79\00:03:10.98 I can remember many years ago 00:03:11.01\00:03:12.38 when Pat Robertson was running for President. 00:03:12.41\00:03:16.48 Before he ran, he once said 00:03:16.51\00:03:18.94 something about church state separation being bad. 00:03:18.97\00:03:21.85 And at a press conference, I asked him about that thing 00:03:21.88\00:03:25.26 and he denied he ever said it. 00:03:25.29\00:03:26.71 Well, we went back and we found it. 00:03:26.74\00:03:28.11 Now it's common fare. 00:03:28.14\00:03:29.51 They all say they're against church state separation. And-- 00:03:29.54\00:03:32.89 Well, and I'd like to about it in some length in another show, 00:03:32.92\00:03:35.93 but Rick Santorum-- Yeah. 00:03:35.96\00:03:38.04 Oh, yeah. Yeah, well, that's an example. 00:03:38.07\00:03:39.95 Nobody 30, 40 years ago, 00:03:39.98\00:03:42.28 they never would have said anything like that, 00:03:42.31\00:03:44.69 but now every thing has changed 00:03:44.72\00:03:46.80 so much that it's become, you know-- 00:03:46.83\00:03:48.82 They've moved things around so that's the secularist 00:03:48.85\00:03:51.44 and the Anti-Americans almost that-- 00:03:51.47\00:03:54.35 Well, that was one of the things too that used to-- 00:03:54.38\00:03:57.10 and I'm sure you experienced this as Liberty Editor. 00:03:57.13\00:04:00.02 There'd be-- some issue would come up 00:04:00.05\00:04:01.89 and I would go down to some meeting in Washington D.C. 00:04:01.92\00:04:05.71 And I'm standing here, you know, representing Liberty 00:04:05.74\00:04:09.00 and you got the ACLU, the American Humanist Society, 00:04:09.03\00:04:13.14 the American Atheist Society, some extreme other groups 00:04:13.17\00:04:16.93 that we would have nothing to do with on any other issue. 00:04:16.96\00:04:20.41 Yeah, but on this very narrow thing 00:04:20.44\00:04:24.42 and I used to scratch my head sometimes and think, 00:04:24.45\00:04:27.06 "What's wrong with this picture?" 00:04:27.09\00:04:28.46 You know, I mean the principle that we're standing for is good 00:04:28.49\00:04:31.58 and I'm glad where they're doing it, 00:04:31.61\00:04:33.18 but it sometimes made me quite uncomfortable. 00:04:33.21\00:04:35.53 What am I doing with these people? 00:04:35.56\00:04:36.93 I don't agree with them on anything else 00:04:36.96\00:04:38.33 but this one thing. 00:04:38.36\00:04:39.73 So have you rethought that we need to be separationist 00:04:39.76\00:04:43.13 in that sense or what is the change 00:04:43.16\00:04:45.22 that's made it so apparently unpopular to be separationist? 00:04:45.25\00:04:49.00 Oh, well, I think what happened is that 00:04:49.03\00:04:51.50 a lot of the influence of the Christian right, 00:04:51.53\00:04:54.84 they have twisted the whole concept 00:04:54.87\00:04:57.14 of what separation of church and state is. 00:04:57.17\00:04:59.78 And when you, you know, I still remember them 00:04:59.81\00:05:02.91 talking about the war against Christians in America. 00:05:02.94\00:05:06.29 The war against them and-- I mean these are people 00:05:06.32\00:05:09.02 some of these big evangelists and I think of one 00:05:09.05\00:05:12.41 in particular, some guy 00:05:12.44\00:05:13.81 out in Colorado, big, big industry. 00:05:13.84\00:05:15.75 I don't know since-- because he's very popular 00:05:15.78\00:05:17.36 with a lot of people. 00:05:17.39\00:05:18.76 In fact I had been the at the doghouse more than once and-- 00:05:18.79\00:05:20.16 This wasn't Haggerty, was it? No, no, no. 00:05:20.19\00:05:21.56 Actually I was thinking of James Dobson, you know, 00:05:21.59\00:05:23.45 who did a lot of good stuff. 00:05:23.48\00:05:24.85 In fact more than once we had something-- 00:05:24.88\00:05:26.29 he would say something about religious liberty 00:05:26.32\00:05:27.90 that we didn't agree with. 00:05:27.93\00:05:29.30 And I'd come home and I'd get a tongue lashing from my wife 00:05:29.33\00:05:31.50 because we raised our kids on the principles of James Dobson, 00:05:31.53\00:05:34.76 you know, and she makes me sleep on the sofa. 00:05:34.79\00:05:36.48 You say anything more bad about him but on the specific area, 00:05:36.51\00:05:40.58 just on the specific church state separation area. 00:05:40.61\00:05:43.42 But let me put an interjection, 00:05:43.45\00:05:44.82 so that we don't totally badmouth Dobson. 00:05:44.85\00:05:46.62 Well, he's got a lot of good-- 00:05:46.65\00:05:48.02 You know, I'd spoke to him once 00:05:48.05\00:05:49.42 and he said that his principles of dealing with children, 00:05:49.45\00:05:52.11 he got absolutely from Raymond Moore. Well, yeah. 00:05:52.14\00:05:54.70 Seventh-Day Adventist child development expert 00:05:54.73\00:05:56.24 who got it from Ellen White's writings, 00:05:56.27\00:05:58.41 which is the Seventh-Day Adventist's heritage. 00:05:58.44\00:06:00.09 Well, I always said Dobson was great when he would help 00:06:00.12\00:06:01.51 with you bedwetting children 00:06:01.54\00:06:02.91 and men who were going through midlife crisis. 00:06:02.94\00:06:05.21 But get him on the topic of politics, 00:06:05.24\00:06:07.62 get him on the topic of politics and he made a fool of himself. 00:06:07.65\00:06:10.47 He was getting in with David Barton of Wallbuilders. 00:06:10.50\00:06:14.07 He'd bring some guy that even a lot of the Christian 00:06:14.10\00:06:15.91 right people say is a nut job. 00:06:15.94\00:06:17.31 And as far as separation of church and state, 00:06:17.34\00:06:18.71 he made a legal fool of himself, because his organization 00:06:18.74\00:06:21.33 was a threat with its non-profit status, 00:06:21.36\00:06:23.99 so he's become a political operative. 00:06:24.02\00:06:25.66 Yeah, I mean the thing is here a guy who sat-- 00:06:25.69\00:06:28.09 and he's not the only one. 00:06:28.12\00:06:29.49 I don't want to single him out as I said he's a good man. 00:06:29.52\00:06:30.97 He's done a lot of good. 00:06:31.00\00:06:32.37 But he was a guy sitting on millions of dollars of property 00:06:32.40\00:06:35.32 that the government lets him have tax-free 00:06:35.35\00:06:38.41 and they're bemoaning--you know, what used to get me 00:06:38.44\00:06:40.48 when I would hear these Christian right people talking 00:06:40.51\00:06:42.74 about the persecution of Americas. 00:06:42.77\00:06:44.92 I mean every day on my desk in Liberty and you know, 00:06:44.95\00:06:47.58 we'd get stories of Christians in countries 00:06:47.61\00:06:50.32 where they're thrown in jails, they're beaten, 00:06:50.35\00:06:52.63 their properties confiscated, their children are taken away. 00:06:52.66\00:06:56.11 And you've got these multimillionaire evangelist 00:06:56.14\00:06:58.77 sitting with these big vast empires 00:06:58.80\00:07:00.96 and all that complaining because, 00:07:00.99\00:07:02.95 oh, they don't let-- they're books aren't 00:07:02.98\00:07:06.62 put on the bestseller list or something like that. 00:07:06.65\00:07:08.48 And they are talking about persecution. It was a joke. 00:07:08.51\00:07:11.18 Yeah. In reality they want political power. 00:07:11.21\00:07:13.29 Well, that was the bottom line, yeah. 00:07:13.32\00:07:14.69 And as far as they're frustrated doing that, 00:07:14.72\00:07:16.09 they'll claim they're being persecuted. 00:07:16.12\00:07:17.49 So what better way to get the saints all worked up 00:07:17.52\00:07:20.99 to tell them that things like not allowing legislated prayer 00:07:21.02\00:07:24.35 in school is religious persecution, 00:07:24.38\00:07:26.91 not allowing a statue of "The Ten Commandments" 00:07:26.94\00:07:29.12 on public property is religious persecution. 00:07:29.15\00:07:31.96 They make a big hoopla about "The Ten Commandments" 00:07:31.99\00:07:33.79 but then none of them even keep it. 00:07:33.82\00:07:35.49 And what it's really done even hearing you discuss this, 00:07:35.52\00:07:39.59 it's diverted Christians attention from real persecution, 00:07:39.62\00:07:42.89 real trouble in other countries. 00:07:42.92\00:07:44.29 Yeah, well, it's just part of-- 00:07:44.32\00:07:45.69 Not some concern, but there's a lot 00:07:45.72\00:07:47.09 of self-absorption in the U.S. about gaining political power, 00:07:47.12\00:07:50.06 regaining this mythical Christian identity. 00:07:50.09\00:07:52.99 Oh, yeah. And you're right. 00:07:53.02\00:07:54.39 Nominally it's always been Christian-- 00:07:54.42\00:07:56.66 Well, more than nominally it was a protestant culture 00:07:56.69\00:07:59.46 as it began, but I've spoken on this program before, 00:07:59.49\00:08:03.19 structurally it never was a government of religion. 00:08:03.22\00:08:06.93 They're trying to turn it into that. 00:08:06.96\00:08:08.85 I remember years ago we had an article in Liberty 00:08:08.88\00:08:11.23 based on a book called "Our Godless Constitution." 00:08:11.26\00:08:14.40 And you read the U.S. Constitution, 00:08:14.43\00:08:16.52 it never says anything about God and the only time it says 00:08:16.55\00:08:19.46 anything about religion is to restrict what 00:08:19.49\00:08:21.74 the government can do and people out of hoopla because 00:08:21.77\00:08:23.94 they sometimes they mix up the Declaration of Independence 00:08:23.97\00:08:27.46 with the Constitution, but they think that 00:08:27.49\00:08:29.55 has nothing to do with us today-- 00:08:29.58\00:08:30.95 Well, it's the founding document, 00:08:30.98\00:08:32.35 but it isn't legal in the sense of the Constitution. 00:08:32.38\00:08:33.76 It has nothing to do with the way we run our country. 00:08:33.79\00:08:35.65 We don't run our country-- 00:08:35.68\00:08:37.21 And it was the product of just a couple of people. It wasn't-- 00:08:37.24\00:08:41.06 Someone will want to hang me for this. 00:08:41.09\00:08:42.46 If you read the Declaration of Independence-- 00:08:42.49\00:08:44.28 I mean, Jefferson was so over the top with that. 00:08:44.31\00:08:47.78 You study the history. It was a radical document. 00:08:47.81\00:08:51.90 I am an Australian background. 00:08:51.93\00:08:53.30 I've got to be cautious on what I say about that. 00:08:53.33\00:08:54.70 It was a radical document. 00:08:54.73\00:08:56.10 Sure we're glad we broke away from England 00:08:56.13\00:08:57.58 and it all worked out fine in the end but the bottom line 00:08:57.61\00:09:01.14 is the Declaration of Independence is not 00:09:01.17\00:09:04.60 how we run our country. 00:09:04.63\00:09:06.00 It's the Constitution. And what do you know? 00:09:06.03\00:09:07.98 There's nothing about God in the Constitution at all. 00:09:08.01\00:09:10.46 And that's not how people want to view-- 00:09:10.49\00:09:13.67 and they talk about the mythical days of American history. 00:09:13.70\00:09:16.04 Well, the days of slavery. 00:09:16.07\00:09:17.78 Yeah, what a great Christian nation we were. 00:09:17.81\00:09:20.57 We had slaves and then in parts of the country-- 00:09:20.60\00:09:23.84 It took, you know, a civil war to free the slaves 00:09:23.87\00:09:27.62 and then it took another 100 years of U.S. Supreme Court 00:09:27.65\00:09:30.15 to help get parts of the country to treat African Americans-- 00:09:30.18\00:09:34.25 And women to vote for that matter. 00:09:34.28\00:09:35.65 Yeah, women to vote. 00:09:35.68\00:09:37.05 Yeah, all this in our Christian nation. 00:09:37.08\00:09:38.45 I prefer the Christian America today 00:09:38.48\00:09:40.40 than the Christian America of the Jim Crow laws. 00:09:40.43\00:09:42.92 What I tell people without meaning and trying to demean 00:09:42.95\00:09:45.46 the Constitution but when you talk about church state issues 00:09:45.49\00:09:48.26 and higher loyalties to guard, you got to remember 00:09:48.29\00:09:50.44 the Constitution is a human construct. Yeah. 00:09:50.47\00:09:52.41 And all human constructs are fallible. 00:09:52.44\00:09:54.64 More than fallible they're a product of there environment. 00:09:54.67\00:09:57.24 And the Constitution is a pretty solid document 00:09:57.27\00:09:59.75 and it's serving the U.S. well, 00:09:59.78\00:10:01.15 but it's not without its flaws nor without its-- 00:10:01.18\00:10:02.81 Well, that's why they have the amendment process. 00:10:02.84\00:10:04.92 Absolutely. That's why we've amended it. 00:10:04.95\00:10:06.32 We've amended it. 00:10:06.35\00:10:07.72 Antonin Scalia who has some interesting ideas, 00:10:07.75\00:10:09.12 but that's his view. 00:10:09.15\00:10:10.52 You don't like it, change it. 00:10:10.55\00:10:11.92 Yeah, well, of course the whole point is not very easy to do. 00:10:11.95\00:10:13.70 But they made that purposely. 00:10:13.73\00:10:15.70 Yeah, yeah, but they-- of course it took 00:10:15.73\00:10:18.32 a civil war to get them to free slaves. 00:10:18.35\00:10:21.79 So, yeah, it was flawed from the start. 00:10:21.82\00:10:23.73 People understand that but-- 00:10:23.76\00:10:26.70 What did you think recently, 00:10:26.73\00:10:28.10 what it's about a year and a half 00:10:28.13\00:10:29.50 two years ago we had the congressmen 00:10:29.53\00:10:31.69 reading the Constitution as a public exercise? 00:10:31.72\00:10:34.28 Well, that's fine. 00:10:34.31\00:10:35.68 I mean it is the document and ideally 00:10:35.71\00:10:37.63 we're supposed to follow that but-- 00:10:37.66\00:10:39.03 Were you impressed by them? 00:10:39.06\00:10:40.43 What grade would you have given them? 00:10:40.46\00:10:41.83 Oh, I don't know and who's gonna--you know, 00:10:41.86\00:10:43.23 the Constitution is not simple. No. 00:10:43.26\00:10:44.97 You got to take your time and you got to read it. 00:10:45.00\00:10:46.78 It's complicated. There's a language. 00:10:46.81\00:10:48.18 But what impressed me after listening, 00:10:48.21\00:10:49.58 they're not reading it. 00:10:49.61\00:10:50.98 That's the message I get out of it. 00:10:51.01\00:10:52.38 That's the takeaway. There were missing sections. 00:10:52.41\00:10:54.23 It was political showmanship. Yes. 00:10:54.26\00:10:56.06 It was political showmanship. That's all it was. 00:10:56.09\00:10:58.19 And the Constitution should be cherished 00:10:58.22\00:11:00.38 and not used as a political ploy like that. 00:11:00.41\00:11:03.56 Well, you know, what the funny thing too is I thought about it. 00:11:03.59\00:11:06.19 You got this founding document. 00:11:06.22\00:11:08.71 I mean the instruction manual for my Honda Civic is about 00:11:08.74\00:11:13.78 five times the size of the founding document 00:11:13.81\00:11:16.89 of a country now-- Yes, but it only has 00:11:16.92\00:11:19.47 a 3-year warranty but the Constitution 00:11:19.50\00:11:21.39 has lasted a couple of centuries. 00:11:21.42\00:11:23.07 So when you were editing there, what are some of the topics 00:11:23.10\00:11:28.12 that stuck with you over the years 00:11:28.15\00:11:29.56 that you found significant. 00:11:29.59\00:11:33.22 It was fascinating to see how our concept of religious liberty 00:11:33.25\00:11:38.65 had changed over the years. 00:11:38.68\00:11:41.25 And so you know it's funny too how everybody says that, 00:11:41.28\00:11:44.96 you know, the first amendment says, 00:11:44.99\00:11:46.36 "Congress shall make no law 00:11:46.39\00:11:47.76 respecting an establishment of religion." 00:11:47.79\00:11:49.33 Well, notice, it says, Congress shall make no law. 00:11:49.36\00:11:52.60 If, you know, there's a big argument over original intent. 00:11:52.63\00:11:55.63 Well, if you went back 00:11:55.66\00:11:57.03 to what the founders originally intended. 00:11:57.06\00:12:00.01 I live in Maryland. 00:12:00.04\00:12:01.41 The way the Constitution was originally written, 00:12:01.44\00:12:04.72 if the state of Maryland which was a catholic state 00:12:04.75\00:12:07.71 wanted to make Roman Catholicism 00:12:07.74\00:12:10.17 the official religion of the state. They could. 00:12:10.20\00:12:12.62 There was absolutely nothing 00:12:12.65\00:12:14.02 in the Constitution to stand in the way. 00:12:14.05\00:12:16.47 In fact some have argued that the whole reason 00:12:16.50\00:12:18.87 they wrote the first amendment was to tell the states 00:12:18.90\00:12:23.75 that had established churches, our federal government 00:12:23.78\00:12:27.16 will leave your established churches alone. 00:12:27.19\00:12:29.86 And then what do you know, 100 some year, 00:12:29.89\00:12:31.77 150 years later whatever starting in the early 00:12:31.80\00:12:34.50 20th century they start incorporating 00:12:34.53\00:12:37.84 these to the state which I'm glad they did-- 00:12:37.87\00:12:40.24 You hit on the nail on the head before. 00:12:40.27\00:12:42.88 The pivotal thing on many issues but particularly 00:12:42.91\00:12:45.93 religious liberty is the civil war. 00:12:45.96\00:12:47.78 The civil war changed the power from 00:12:47.81\00:12:51.05 the sovereign states to a federal government. 00:12:51.08\00:12:53.71 And I studied American history and loved it. 00:12:53.74\00:12:56.84 The takeaway I got and I'm sure I'm right on it 00:12:56.87\00:12:59.91 because it's unambiguous early on these were 00:12:59.94\00:13:02.14 13 sovereign states, countries. 00:13:02.17\00:13:05.33 But, you know, it wasn't-- 00:13:05.36\00:13:06.73 They weren't giving away sovereignty. 00:13:06.76\00:13:08.96 They were compacting together for common defense 00:13:08.99\00:13:11.97 and commerce between the states. 00:13:12.00\00:13:15.13 But remember the time and that was right after 00:13:15.16\00:13:16.53 the war with England. 00:13:16.56\00:13:17.93 They were very ambitious and very jealous 00:13:17.96\00:13:20.76 for their sovereignty, you know, 00:13:20.79\00:13:22.92 and so on--I remember even reading somewhere someone said, 00:13:22.95\00:13:25.09 "I am willing to fight and die for New Jersey," okay? 00:13:25.12\00:13:28.13 So they were very reticent about that, 00:13:28.16\00:13:29.81 but, you know, 100 years have gone by. 00:13:29.84\00:13:31.27 No, we've changed, there's a new reality, 00:13:31.30\00:13:33.15 but we need to understand where that reality came from 00:13:33.18\00:13:35.78 and when these original intent guys started to look at it. 00:13:35.81\00:13:39.13 They're wrong on the Constitution and it's, 00:13:39.16\00:13:43.40 you know, creating an American Republic, 00:13:43.43\00:13:45.13 a Christian republic, they didn't do that. 00:13:45.16\00:13:47.39 But as you say, the sovereign states 00:13:47.42\00:13:49.57 I think that they expected that, that's how it was. 00:13:49.60\00:13:51.98 They had established churches. 00:13:52.01\00:13:53.99 Nobody was uncomfortable with it expect the people 00:13:54.02\00:13:56.04 in the other state, they didn't want-- 00:13:56.07\00:13:57.44 Well, they weren't comfortable 00:13:57.47\00:13:58.84 if you happen to be in the minority. 00:13:58.87\00:14:00.24 In fact they say one of the whole reasons 00:14:00.27\00:14:02.23 that you got the first amendment was the Virginia Baptist. Yeah. 00:14:02.26\00:14:06.74 They went to James Madison and said 00:14:06.77\00:14:08.99 we are not gonna support this Constitution 00:14:09.02\00:14:11.36 if you don't put a bill of rights in there 00:14:11.39\00:14:13.81 because we needed to protect that because 00:14:13.84\00:14:15.83 the Anglican Church was the established church. 00:14:15.86\00:14:17.85 Okay, we'll be back after a short break. 00:14:17.88\00:14:20.53 Interesting discussion. I can hardly stop talking myself. 00:14:20.56\00:14:24.11 We'll be back. Stay with us. 00:14:24.14\00:14:25.52