Hello, friends, and welcome back
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to this program
"Books of the Book."
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My name is Deyvy
Rodriguez and I'm so happy
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that you are taking this time
to join us in this Bible study.
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And we are
studying the Gospel of John
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and that today we are
picking up on Chapter 18
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and we are
talking about the cross.
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So if you have a Bible near you,
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I invite you to
open it to Chapter 18
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and join us in this Bible study.
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And I have been
blessed to know that,
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as I read more and more
that there is a deeper message
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that God wants us to learn.
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And with us is Dr. Jon Paulien,
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he is a Bible
scholar, he is the Dean
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of the School Religion
in Loma Linda University
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to join us in this
study and I keep telling him
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that I have been blessed again.
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And the more I
study, the more I learned.
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And, Dr. Paulien,
you know the last program
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we talked about Chapter 17
which is the prayer of Jesus
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and He is talking about, He
is praying for His disciples,
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He is praying for
Himself and He is also praying
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for is what you call the
second generation or you and I.
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Now, let me ask you a question
as we go into Chapter 18.
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Is the cross the only
revelation of God's character
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or is how does
God reveal Himself
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to us other than a cross if so.
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Okay, that's a good question,
you want to be clear on that.
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I'm not in any way
suggesting the cross
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is the only revelation of God.
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God reveals
Himself in many ways.
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He reveals
Himself through prophecy.
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He reveals
Himself through history.
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He reveals
Himself through nature.
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Jesus even says,
"Inasmuch as you've done
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it to one of the
least of these my brethren,
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you've done it onto Me."
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In other words we
can see glimpses of Jesus
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even in the behavior of others.
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Certainly the life of Jesus
is a very important revelation
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of what God is like
in the Gospel of John.
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But, what John is saying is
that the cross is the clearest,
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that's where the glory is seen.
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The name, the character of God
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is most clearly
seen there on the cross,
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So let's keep the focus there,
it's not only on the cross
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but the cross does it perhaps
more clearly than anywhere else.
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Okay, and so today we
are now studying Chapter 18.
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Now, we are moving to the cross.
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We are moving to the cross.
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So tell us the setting here.
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Where are we at that this point?
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Okay. Well, in
the Gospel of John,
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the cross is in
both Chapters 18 and 19
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and because there
is so much in there,
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we are going to divide
those up into two programs.
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So today we are focusing
primarily on Chapter 18.
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And the story begins in a
garden and it ends in a garden.
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That's interesting.
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We spoke earlier in the series
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about the
Hollywood version of Jesus.
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How we pick and
choose from all the gospels
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and create a composite picture.
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That is excellent for people
to understand and to follow,
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but it sometimes blinds us to
some of the interesting details.
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And that is that Jesus
agony happened in Gethsemane
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but it doesn't say in Matthew,
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Mark and Luke
that it was a garden.
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John doesn't mention Gethsemane,
but he does tell us it happens
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in a garden at the foot of
the Mount of Olives you see.
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So we know where it is, we
know the name of the place.
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We know what it was like
but we piece that together
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from three different gospels.
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So John seem to
want to make the point
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that the cross
starts in the garden
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and it ends in the garden.
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The tomb Jesus was
buried in is in a garden.
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Now, the story is
broken into three parts
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in Chapters 18 and
19 and they don't divide
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neatly at the chapter line.
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Verse 1 to 27 of
Chapter 18, now the first part
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where you have
the arrest of Jesus,
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His Indictment
before the Jewish priest
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and then in
Chapter 18:28 through 19:16
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we have His trial
before the Romans,
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preside over by the
governor, a judge named Pilate.
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And then in 19:16
through the end of 19,
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you have the crucifixion itself
and then the death of Jesus,
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the verification of
that death and His burial.
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So it's sort of a
fairly neat division
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into three fairly equal parts.
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We'll look at the
first part in this program
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and as far into the trial
before Pilate as time allows.
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This is the section.
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Chapters 18 and
19 are the section
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of the Gospel of John where
there is the most connections
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with Matthew, Mark, and Luke.
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So that the story of
the cross is quite familiar
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in those gospels as well
but that makes this perhaps
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the most fun
part of Gospel of John
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because we can see the things
that John adds to the story,
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like the garden
piece and on the things
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that he doesn't
mention that are mentioned
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in Matthew, Mark, and Luke.
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So the richness of the story
is particularly in the fact
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that we can see how
he does it differently
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than Matthew,
Mark, and Luke too.
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I think the
particular emphasis in the story
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is what I called the irony
of Peter, Pilate and Jesus.
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Because Jesus is
contrasted with these other two.
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One of them is a Jew,
the other one is a Gentile
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and both of them make some
serious mistakes in the section.
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Both of them are basically
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looking at their
own personal comfort.
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They are seeking to avoid pain,
embarrassment, loss of job,
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loss of reputation so the
behavior of Peter and Pilate
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is motivated by the
immediate situation.
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The result is
long term consequences
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that are devastating.
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Jesus on the other
hand takes the long view
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allowing Himself to
be pinned on the cross.
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There is nothing
pleasant about it.
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There is no immediate
gratification whatsoever.
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But He does that because
of the long term results.
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I think one of the big
problems in politics today
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is that the
people want the leaders
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to make short term decisions.
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They complaint
unemployment is up this month,
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do something about it.
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Well, anything you could
do about it would probably
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take two or three years
to really kick in, you see.
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So somehow we are all
wired to this immediate
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gratification thing, you know,
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have it now, you
know, have your cake now
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and have the meal
later kind of a thing.
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And it is because Jesus
and God take the long view
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that the cross is a
big piece of things.
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So in John nowhere
else is this contrast
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between the way
Jesus makes decisions
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and the way Peter and Pilate do.
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Pilate by the way
is in a real sense
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the other star of the story.
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He plays a central
role in the Gospel of John,
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much less so in
Matthew, Mark and Luke.
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So let's go to that
first section, verses 1 to 27.
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Jesus is arrested in the garden
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and then He is
brought before Annas
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who is one of the high priest.
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Does have more to say
about him a little bit.
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Then there is a picture
of Peter in the courtyard
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along with a beloved
disciple who only appears here
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and then it goes back to
the trial before the high priest
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as it says and then
it goes back to Peter
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in the court yard
of the high priest.
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So you have this kind of a
double stage back and forth
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in much of the section.
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In Matthew, Mark, and
Luke, the trial happens
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before Caiaphas
who is the high priest.
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Only in John is the
trial before Annas and John
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makes clear that there
is a trial before Caiaphas
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but he only
mentions it in passing.
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He doesn't describe
it, that's already done
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in the other
gospels but he zeros
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in on this trial before Annas.
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And there is a interesting
background to this you see.
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Annas was the high
priest back at the beginning
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of Tiberius reign
but for whatever reason
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he displeased the
Romans, The Romans removed him
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and put Caiaphas, his son
in law I believe in his place.
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The Jews never truly
accepted this because for them
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a high priest was
to serve for life,
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so when the Romans removed him,
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Annas retained the moral
authority before the Jews.
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He was the real high priest.
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Caiaphas never quite got
that respect from the people
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but Caiaphas had the
power of Rome behind him.
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So that meant the
decision that Caiaphas
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made had to be obeyed,
Annas could only persuade.
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Caiaphas was the one
who really had the power
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and so Annas is
brought in here because
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if he can persuade
them to do away with Jesus,
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then Caiaphas and
Pilate can act on it.
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So he still has
the power of persuasion
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but no longer has the position.
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Yeah, and then I can
image them both working together
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because Annas was the
father-in-law of Caiaphas.
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Yeah, assuming
that got along well.
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The fact that they
hold the trial separately,
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you might
suggest that wasn't so.
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That's a good observation.
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Yeah. So unfortunately,
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we won't be reading
all of the verses today
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because there is no time reading
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such a long chapter
but where are we reading?
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Why don't we read the
garden story in John 18:1-11.
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Okay, When Jesus
had spoken these words,
00:10:29.17\00:10:32.99
he went out with his
disciples over the brook Cedron,
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where there was a garden,
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which he and his
disciples entered and Judas
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who betrayed him also
knew the place for Jesus
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often met there
with his disciples.
00:10:42.67\00:10:45.07
Then, Judas having received
the detachment of troops
00:10:45.10\00:10:48.11
and the officers from the
chief priests and Pharisees
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came there with
lanterns, torches and weapons.
00:10:51.63\00:10:54.78
Therefore, Jesus knowing all
things that would come upon him,
00:10:54.81\00:10:58.40
went forward and said to
them, Whom are you seeking.
00:10:58.43\00:11:02.63
They answered
him, Jesus of Nazareth.
00:11:02.66\00:11:05.00
Jesus said to them, I am he.
00:11:05.03\00:11:06.95
And Judas who betrayed
him also stood with him.
00:11:06.98\00:11:10.03
Now, when he said to
them I'm he they drew back,
00:11:10.06\00:11:13.07
and fell to the ground.
00:11:13.10\00:11:14.93
Then he asked them
again, whom are you seeking?
00:11:14.96\00:11:17.63
And they said,
Jesus of Nazareth.
00:11:17.66\00:11:19.87
Jesus answered I have
told you that I am he therefore
00:11:19.90\00:11:23.43
if you seek me,
let these go their way.
00:11:23.46\00:11:26.49
That the saying
might be fulfilled,
00:11:26.52\00:11:27.77
which he spoke, of those
who gave me I have lost none.
00:11:27.80\00:11:31.43
Then Simon and Peter having
a sword drew it and struck
00:11:31.46\00:11:34.17
the high priest's servant,
and cut off his right ear.
00:11:34.20\00:11:37.77
The servant's name was Malchus.
00:11:37.80\00:11:39.86
So, Jesus said to Peter,
put your sword into the sheath,
00:11:39.89\00:11:45.69
Shall I now drink the cup
which my Father has given me?
00:11:45.72\00:11:49.81
Okay, there is a
lot about this story
00:11:49.84\00:11:53.25
that reminds us of
the Gethsemane experience
00:11:53.28\00:11:56.61
in Matthew, Mark and Luke but
it's quite different as well.
00:11:56.64\00:12:01.00
Let me share some of
the differences here.
00:12:01.03\00:12:02.76
I wrote them down
because there are so many.
00:12:02.79\00:12:05.48
First of all it's in a garden,
Matthew and Mark say Gethsemane.
00:12:05.51\00:12:09.79
Luke simply says they
went to the Mount of Olives
00:12:09.82\00:12:12.89
so all of that is
true, but they each focus
00:12:12.92\00:12:17.43
on a different thing.
00:12:17.46\00:12:18.99
John tells us
they went there often,
00:12:19.02\00:12:21.88
the others don't say that.
00:12:21.91\00:12:24.01
He tells us that
Judas knew the place.
00:12:24.04\00:12:27.77
He mentions that
there are detachments
00:12:27.80\00:12:29.69
of soldiers with the crowd,
00:12:29.72\00:12:31.80
the others just
talk about a mob,
00:12:31.83\00:12:33.50
that comes in
sort of a street riot.
00:12:33.53\00:12:35.78
And here you
have Roman soldiers,
00:12:35.81\00:12:37.38
I mean this is an
official gathering.
00:12:37.41\00:12:42.25
Notice there is no
agony, no Gethsemane anguish.
00:12:42.28\00:12:46.84
You know, Jesus
doesn't separate to pray.
00:12:46.87\00:12:48.66
John leaves out a lot of
things that the others cover.
00:12:48.69\00:12:52.91
There is no kiss from Judas.
00:12:52.94\00:12:55.03
Judas just shows
up with the army.
00:12:55.06\00:12:57.86
Notice that Jesus says,
I am again, they go in me.
00:12:57.89\00:13:02.24
I'm the one you are looking for.
00:13:02.27\00:13:03.95
I'm Jesus of Nazareth you see.
00:13:03.98\00:13:07.40
Peter and
Malchus are named here.
00:13:07.43\00:13:11.10
It only says in the
others that there is a disciple
00:13:11.13\00:13:13.35
who strikes the high priest's
servant cuts off the ear.
00:13:13.38\00:13:16.67
Notice Jesus doesn't
heal it in the story.
00:13:16.70\00:13:20.07
And Jesus asks for
the disciples release
00:13:20.10\00:13:24.71
so those are all
details that Matthew,
00:13:24.74\00:13:27.64
Mark and Luke don't have.
00:13:27.67\00:13:29.76
What's the point?
What's the difference?
00:13:29.79\00:13:31.90
Matthew, Mark and Luke emphasize
00:13:31.93\00:13:33.87
the anguish of
Jesus in the garden.
00:13:33.90\00:13:37.00
John emphasizes
almost the opposite.
00:13:37.03\00:13:40.15
He is in control.
00:13:40.18\00:13:42.49
Jesus is fully in
control of the situation.
00:13:42.52\00:13:45.20
In a way I think it is John
picking up on in Chapter 10:18,
00:13:45.23\00:13:50.81
where he says "I lay
down my life of my own accord"
00:13:50.84\00:13:54.18
Jesus makes clear
that it's a voluntary death
00:13:54.21\00:13:58.14
that He is allowing
Himself to be taken.
00:13:58.17\00:14:02.26
He is allowing
Himself to be tried.
00:14:02.29\00:14:04.66
He is allowing Himself
to be nailed to the cross.
00:14:04.69\00:14:07.37
He is allowing
Himself to be killed.
00:14:07.40\00:14:09.73
This is a voluntary act.
00:14:09.76\00:14:11.67
This is a deliberate
choice on the part of God.
00:14:11.70\00:14:17.15
He is in full
control of the situation.
00:14:17.18\00:14:19.80
It isn't Judas that
controls the situation,
00:14:19.83\00:14:21.94
is not Judas' kiss
that controls the situation.
00:14:21.97\00:14:27.62
But, Peter has
the opposite view.
00:14:27.65\00:14:31.16
He thinks it's out of
control and very actions
00:14:31.19\00:14:36.10
Peter takes to get it under
control are actually a problem.
00:14:36.13\00:14:39.37
Because they
undermine Jesus' argument
00:14:39.40\00:14:41.60
to Pilate later
on as we will see.
00:14:41.63\00:14:44.00
So Jesus in trying to
get control of the situation
00:14:44.03\00:14:48.05
and Peter in trying to
get control of the situation
00:14:48.08\00:14:50.51
actually messes it
up, makes it worse.
00:14:50.54\00:14:53.06
Ever happened in your life?
00:14:53.09\00:14:54.80
Ever feel like
everything is out of control
00:14:54.83\00:14:58.03
and instead of sometimes
giving ourselves to God
00:14:58.06\00:15:00.71
and letting Him be in
control of the situation,
00:15:00.74\00:15:03.34
we try to fix it ourselves.
00:15:03.37\00:15:05.81
I think that's
what many religions do.
00:15:05.84\00:15:08.40
They see problems and
they try to fix the problems
00:15:08.43\00:15:10.89
rather than getting in line with
God's purpose for the situation.
00:15:10.92\00:15:15.49
To God there is
always a purpose,
00:15:15.52\00:15:18.34
there is always control.
00:15:18.37\00:15:20.21
But Jesus even
going to the cross
00:15:20.24\00:15:23.44
is in control of the situation.
00:15:23.47\00:15:25.79
Well, friends we are
studying the Gospel of John
00:15:25.82\00:15:28.20
and stay with us as we
pick up on this Chapter 18.
00:15:28.23\00:15:31.27