IIW-2016-20 --- Designed with
purpose-Is it all a Bunch of
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Gas? IIW-2016-20 --- Designed
with purpose-Is it all a Bunch
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of Gas? IIW-2016-20 --- Designed
with purpose-Is it all a Bunch
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of Gas? IIW-2016-20 --- Designed
with purpose-Is it all a Bunch
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of Gas? IIW-2016-20 --- Designed
with purpose-Is it all a Bunch
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of Gas? IIW-2016-20 --- Designed
with purpose-Is it all a Bunch
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of Gas? IIW-2016-20 --- Designed
with purpose-Is it all a Bunch
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of Gas? IIW-2016-20 --- Designed
with purpose-Is it all a Bunch
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of Gas? IIW-2016-20 --- Designed
with purpose-Is it all a Bunch
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of Gas? IIW-2016-20 --- Designed
with purpose-Is it all a Bunch
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of Gas? It has
stood the test of time.
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God's book, The Bible
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Still relevant in
today's complex world
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It Is Written
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Sharing messages of
hope around the world!
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CHRIS: Thank you so much for
watching It Is Written. We are
in the midst of a series,
00:01:58.45\00:02:03.99
"Designed With Purpose." And
today, we're going to take
further look at this issue of
00:02:04.09\00:02:11.13
design, and we're going to look
at nitrogen. Now, before you
say, "Nitrogen? That doesn't
00:02:11.23\00:02:16.46
sound very exciting," you are
going to be thrilled with the
conversation today, because
00:02:16.56\00:02:21.04
nitrogen is an essential part of
the proteins that we are made
of, as well as our DNA. It is
00:02:21.14\00:02:29.71
also about 80% of our
atmosphere. And we're going to
look at why the role of nitrogen
00:02:29.81\00:02:35.92
in the atmosphere is so
important and how it is taken
from the atmosphere to be used
00:02:36.02\00:02:43.06
in biological molecules. To help
us with this discussion and its
implication on our faith, I want
00:02:43.16\00:02:51.80
to welcome again Dr. Tim
Standish. DR. STANDISH: Well,
thanks so much. It's good to be
00:02:51.90\00:02:55.40
back. CHRIS: Yes. And I'm sure
glad you're here, because if I
was going to have a discussion
00:02:55.50\00:02:59.14
on nitrogen, that would be a
very, very short discussion, Dr.
Standish. Now, Dr. Standish, you
00:02:59.24\00:03:06.25
have a Ph.D. in environmental
biology and public policy. You
are the senior scientist for the
00:03:06.35\00:03:14.32
Geoscience Research Institute.
Tell us, Dr. Standish, what are
you doing on a daily basis in
00:03:14.42\00:03:23.70
this world of biology and its
implications on faith? DR.
STANDISH: Well, there are lots
00:03:23.80\00:03:29.74
of things that we do at the
Geoscience Research Institute.
One of the things that I enjoy
00:03:29.84\00:03:36.18
doing is actually working on
documentary films that help to
explain design in the natural
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world. So that's kind of fun to
do. It's a little bit outside of
the normal activities of a
00:03:45.59\00:03:53.60
scientist, but trying to get
both the facts straight, but
also convey the amazing
00:03:53.70\00:04:01.14
information that we know about
our world. Obviously, I'm
particularly interested in the
00:04:01.24\00:04:07.84
environment and how ecology
works in such a way that life
can exist. So you know, if I was
00:04:07.94\00:04:22.02
to tell you, "This is what I do
on such-and-such a day in my
office," I'm afraid I couldn't
00:04:22.12\00:04:27.66
tell you, because I'm not a
prophet. It's something
different every day. But this
00:04:27.76\00:04:31.47
media work is certainly
enjoyable. CHRIS: That is
wonderful. And Dr. Standish, if
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someone wanted to find out more
about some of the documentaries
that you're working on, some of
00:04:38.77\00:04:42.98
the work of the Geoscience
Research Institute, where would
they go to find out about this
00:04:43.08\00:04:47.28
information? DR. STANDISH: Well,
actually, I'd point them to two
different web pages.
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First of all, there is the
Geoscience Research Institute
web page, which is GRISDA.org.
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GRISDA.org. That's one. Another
one is IllustraMedia.com. No
00:05:00.56\00:05:12.97
space, just I, M-E-D-I-A.com,
and that's where you'll see some
of the documentaries that I've
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had the privilege of working on,
and others that have also been
produced by Illustra Media. They
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are fantastic, really the best
thing out there. CHRIS:
Fascinating. And all of
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those videos having to do with
design and creation in the world
of nature, seeing how God is
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working, seeing. using the
terminology that we've used in
some of our previous shows,
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seeing the plan which points to
the Planner, that Planner being
Jesus Christ Himself. DR.
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STANDISH: Yes. CHRIS: Now, today
we're going to have a little bit
of a conversation about
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nitrogen. And so maybe, let's
just start right there and make
it really basic to kick off
00:05:56.08\00:06:03.83
with. What is nitrogen? DR.
STANDISH: Nitrogen is the most
exciting element out there. And
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I know that that's an extreme
statement. CHRIS: Yes, I'm
wondering if we might have some
00:06:14.14\00:06:19.14
folks listening. DR. STANDISH:
There may be people who disagree
with me, but they are
00:06:19.24\00:06:22.34
people who had no fun in high
school. Nitrogen is, you know,
an atom that you find in many
00:06:22.44\00:06:35.32
different kinds of explosives.
So that's why I'm saying it's
exciting. TNT. That's
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trinitrotoluene. Nitroglycerin.
You know, these are explosives
that people are familiar with.
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And it's the nitrogen in there
that is contributing that huge
amount of energy that's released
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when these explosives explode.
So it's really an exciting
element, and yet, it exists in
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our atmosphere as probably the
most boring molecule imaginable.
Two nitrogen atoms joined
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together to make something
called N2, nitrogen gas. It's
really, really important that
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it's there. CHRIS: First you
said nitrogen was exciting, but
now you're saying nitrogen is
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boring. And so if nitrogen is
that boring, what would happen
if we just replaced all the
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nitrogen in our atmosphere with
oxygen, which seems a whole lot
more useful? DR. STANDISH: Well,
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things would get a lot more
exciting, let's put it that way,
if you did that. Remember,
00:07:53.97\00:08:00.54
nitrogen gas is boring. It's
inert. What that means is, it
doesn't really react with
00:08:00.64\00:08:07.35
anything, whereas oxygen reacts
with stuff. We know that
because, you know, when we burn
00:08:07.45\00:08:15.32
things up, it's using up oxygen.
It's the oxygen that's oxidizing
whatever it is that's burning
00:08:15.42\00:08:21.30
away there. So if you took out
the nitrogen and replaced it
with oxygen, what you would have
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is an awful lot more burning.
And in fact, this experiment has
been done accidentally, now,
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actually, apparently, quite a
few times over the years. My
father was a doctor. And back in
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the olden days, if a patient had
trouble breathing, one of the
things that they would do is put
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them inside an oxygen tent. This
was basically a cover, and they
raised the amount of oxygen
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inside that tent, which was
important for the patient,
because they needed more oxygen.
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They were having trouble getting
oxygen into their body. However,
if that patient happened to
00:09:02.64\00:09:08.54
light up a cigarette inside the
oxygen tent, it was a
conflagration. That actually
00:09:08.64\00:09:16.08
happened. And my understanding
is that my father was not the
only doctor who had a patient do
00:09:16.18\00:09:22.59
that. You'd have to be addicted
to cigarettes. CHRIS: I would
think so. DR. STANDISH: Yes. But
00:09:22.69\00:09:27.86
yes. Because the cigarette,
instead of burning slowly as it
does in our normal, you know,
00:09:27.96\00:09:35.90
80% nitrogen atmosphere, would
burn like an inferno for a very
short period of time inside the
00:09:36.00\00:09:44.35
oxygen-enriched atmosphere. So
it's very important that we have
some kind of inert gas that
00:09:44.45\00:09:51.52
takes up most of the atmosphere;
otherwise, we simply would not
be able to control fires.
00:09:51.62\00:09:56.36
CHRIS: Okay. So maybe help me a
little bit here. So nitrogen gas
in particular is very important
00:09:56.46\00:10:05.13
in its role in the atmosphere,
and nitrogen is important to
life, but if it's inert, why is
00:10:05.23\00:10:16.75
it found all over in explosives,
and why is it so exciting, so to
speak, when it's not a gas? DR.
00:10:16.85\00:10:24.62
STANDISH: The secret lies in the
triple bond that exists between
two nitrogen atoms when they go
00:10:24.72\00:10:32.73
together and form the nitrogen
gas that we see in the
atmosphere. Those three bonds
00:10:32.83\00:10:39.17
are very hard to break. So to
separate nitrogen in two, into
individual nitrogen atoms, you
00:10:39.27\00:10:50.65
have to put in a huge amount of
energy to break those three
bonds apart. CHRIS: Okay. DR.
00:10:50.75\00:10:58.49
STANDISH: And that's why
nitrogen gas is inert. It just
doesn't react with things. You
00:10:58.59\00:11:04.13
can, you know, have a fire in
nitrogen, and the nitrogen won't
have anything. won't make any
00:11:04.23\00:11:10.93
difference in that situation.
But, if you take nitrogen apart,
you put the energy in, right, to
00:11:11.03\00:11:19.27
split it apart, what's going to
happen if you put it back
together again? All of that
00:11:19.37\00:11:25.85
energy that was put in to pull
it apart it going to be released
as you reform that triple bond.
00:11:25.95\00:11:34.19
And that's how explosives that
contain nitrogen work, which is
basically most explosives that
00:11:34.29\00:11:40.56
people work with. The nitrogen
on trinitrotoluene is held apart
on this organic molecule called
00:11:40.66\00:11:49.97
toluene. If you break that
molecule so that the nitrogens
can get back together again,
00:11:50.07\00:11:57.85
boom, they release all that
energy as they reform the triple
bond and become nitrogen gas
00:11:57.95\00:12:05.85
again. CHRIS: That is truly
remarkable. And so you've got
all this nitrogen, all this
00:12:05.95\00:12:14.10
energy, that is being released
when you're putting it back
together. Where does that energy
00:12:14.20\00:12:24.24
come from? I mean, where does it
get that energy? DR. STANDISH:
00:12:24.34\00:12:29.04
Well, it doesn't happen by a
miracle. Actually, by a sort of
miracle in a way. But there are
00:12:29.14\00:12:36.25
mechanisms that allow us to do
this. Now, when it comes to the
situation in nature, there are
00:12:36.35\00:12:44.06
really two ways that we can turn
nitrogen into something that can
be used by organisms. One of
00:12:44.16\00:12:53.57
them is called thermal shock.
That's what you get when you
have something like lightning
00:12:53.67\00:12:57.97
striking. As lightning rips
through the atmosphere, there is
an unbelievable amount of energy
00:12:58.07\00:13:07.18
there. And that's enough energy
to split the nitrogen gas
molecules into two individual
00:13:07.28\00:13:16.26
nitrogens. Now, if those
nitrogens happen to meet up with
some oxygen, they will form
00:13:16.36\00:13:23.60
nitrates. CHRIS: Okay. DR.
STANDISH: So these are basically
nitrogen and oxygen together in
00:13:23.70\00:13:30.54
a molecule. Those nitrates fall
out of the atmosphere, and those
can be absorbed by plants. The
00:13:30.64\00:13:38.91
plants will absorb the nitrates,
probably through their roots.
Nitrates, by the way, dissolve
00:13:39.01\00:13:44.65
in water. So water can help to
distribute the nitrates around,
and then they're absorbed
00:13:44.75\00:13:52.93
through the roots. Once they're
inside the plant, the plant has
a whole set of machinery that
00:13:53.03\00:14:02.40
takes that nitrate and
essentially turns it into
ammonia, which is nitrogen with
00:14:02.50\00:14:11.95
hydrogen atoms attached to it.
CHRIS: Okay. DR. STANDISH: And
that ammonia, then, is stuck
00:14:12.05\00:14:18.45
onto organic molecules. The
organic molecules, they came
from the process of
00:14:18.55\00:14:24.86
photosynthesis. So that's taking
energy from the sun to make
those organic molecules,
00:14:24.96\00:14:31.33
molecules made out of carbon,
like sugar, for example, and the
ammonia gets stuck on there, and
00:14:31.43\00:14:39.81
then you have the beginning of
something like an amino acid, or
a nucleic acid like DNA. And so
00:14:39.91\00:14:50.95
that's one way in which things
can work. The problem is that
under normal circumstances,
00:14:51.05\00:14:59.33
there just isn't enough
lightning or other causes of
thermal shock to produce the
00:14:59.43\00:15:06.53
required amount of nitrate.
CHRIS: Okay. DR. STANDISH: And
so plants actually have special
00:15:06.63\00:15:17.01
systems for taking nitrogen out
of the atmosphere and turning it
into ammonia so that they can
00:15:17.11\00:15:26.09
use it. And those systems
involve not just the plants;
they also involve bacteria. So
00:15:26.19\00:15:34.36
probably the plants that are the
most famous for doing this are
legumes, bean kind of plants.
00:15:34.46\00:15:43.14
Those plants have special
nodules on their roots. And
within those nodules, there are
00:15:43.24\00:15:53.01
special bacteria. And those
bacteria have to work in an
essentially oxygen-free
00:15:53.11\00:16:03.43
environment. So the plant and
the bacteria. and it depends,
there are some interesting
00:16:03.53\00:16:14.64
ambiguities in this system, but
the bottom line is, there is
something like haemoglobin in
00:16:14.74\00:16:21.21
there. So the stuff that makes
our blood red is found inside
these nodules. You'll remember
00:16:21.31\00:16:27.12
that haemoglobin in our blood is
there to pick up oxygen and move
oxygen around inside our body
00:16:27.22\00:16:36.02
and then release it to our
muscles or our brain or wherever
we need oxygen. In this
00:16:36.12\00:16:42.80
particular case, this kind of
haemoglobin-like molecule
actually just grabs any oxygen
00:16:42.90\00:16:51.11
in that area and holds onto it
so that these special
micro-organisms can do what's
00:16:51.21\00:16:59.55
called nitrogen fixation. We
really don't understand fully
how they do it. CHRIS: Okay. DR.
00:16:59.65\00:17:06.25
STANDISH: But the plant also is
giving the bacterium energy in
the form of sugars and so on so
00:17:06.35\00:17:14.96
that they can do this, because
remember, they have to put that
energy in to split the nitrogen
00:17:15.06\00:17:23.20
apart. Once they do that, then
the nitrogen can be passed onto
the plant, the plant can make
00:17:23.30\00:17:29.74
proteins, and then we can eat
the proteins in beans or, you
know, other plants. Plants also
00:17:29.84\00:17:40.79
have protein in them. Or we can
eat the animals that ate the
plants. But that's how we get
00:17:40.89\00:17:45.03
protein. And without it, well,
we couldn't exist; no organism
that's alive today can exist
00:17:45.13\00:17:54.64
without proteins. CHRIS: Wow, so
we've got this cycle, and it's
actually two different cycles in
00:17:54.74\00:18:03.04
which nitrogen is extracted,
maybe, from the atmosphere,
whether that be through
00:18:03.14\00:18:11.49
lightning or through the plant
itself, and then that nitrogen
is converted from the lightning
00:18:11.59\00:18:18.16
strike into nitrates. And then
with the plant, the plant is
converting it into usable
00:18:18.26\00:18:23.26
nitrogen, and eventually becomes
ammonia, and then gives kind of
the building blocks of proteins.
00:18:23.37\00:18:29.50
Am I kind of. DR. STANDISH:
You're pretty much there. CHRIS:
00:18:29.60\00:18:31.94
Am I. DR. STANDISH: Yeah. CHRIS:
. without a scientific degree.
DR. STANDISH: There you go. You
00:18:32.04\00:18:35.01
probably would've gotten an A in
one of my classes. CHRIS: Yes,
and we've actually known each
00:18:35.11\00:18:39.21
other that long. While I was a
student, you were a teacher at
the university I went to. So
00:18:39.31\00:18:45.19
here's a question: What happens
if we break that cycle? DR.
STANDISH: We're in big trouble,
00:18:45.29\00:18:51.13
really big trouble, because if
all of the nitrogen is being
taken out of the atmosphere and
00:18:51.23\00:19:02.67
turned into nitrates or ammonia
or, you know, proteins or what
have you, what's going to happen
00:19:02.77\00:19:11.95
to the atmosphere? Well, it's
not going to have the nitrogen
that actually is needed in the
00:19:12.05\00:19:18.42
atmosphere to keep everything
there working as it should. But
in addition to that, remember,
00:19:18.52\00:19:23.49
nitrates and ammonia, they don't
just sit around all by
themselves with nothing
00:19:23.59\00:19:30.33
happening. Ammonium nitrate is a
very effective fertilizer that
you can buy. At least, you used
00:19:30.43\00:19:37.74
to be able to buy it. I'm not
sure you can anymore. It's also
an explosive. CHRIS: Wow. DR.
00:19:37.84\00:19:44.35
STANDISH: And it's being used by
terrorists, unfortunately. But
certainly, it's also just used
00:19:44.45\00:19:52.42
as a regular explosive. Ammonium
nitrate, yes, will really go off
with quite a bang. And so if you
00:19:52.52\00:20:01.96
had huge amounts of nitrogen
just sort of building up, you
have the potential for a very
00:20:02.06\00:20:10.21
big bang, if you're not careful.
So that's one of many, actually,
several reasons why you need to
00:20:10.31\00:20:21.08
complete this cycle by having a
way of returning the nitrogen to
the atmosphere. Now, here's the
00:20:21.18\00:20:29.22
thing. Think about a situation
where a plant, let's say, dies,
or an animal dies. It contains
00:20:29.32\00:20:37.67
proteins. Those proteins are
going to be broken down. And
ultimately, the nitrogen that's
00:20:37.77\00:20:48.51
in the organism, some of it, at
least, is going to be turned
back into nitrate. Nitrate by
00:20:48.61\00:20:57.99
itself is pretty stable stuff.
It also, remember, dissolves in
water. CHRIS: Right. DR.
00:20:58.09\00:21:04.69
STANDISH: So what that does is
that allows the nitrogen to be
recycled to plants in the area
00:21:04.79\00:21:11.60
around this organism that died.
So it's a way of recycling
nitrogen without having to put
00:21:11.70\00:21:18.51
all of that energy that had to
be put in to split the nitrogen
gas. But you can't let that just
00:21:18.61\00:21:27.95
build up forever. Too much
nitrate in the environment is a
really bad thing. It's actually
00:21:28.05\00:21:34.12
one of the problems that we have
when farmers put too much
nitrogen onto their crops, then
00:21:34.22\00:21:40.90
that leaches off into streams
and lakes and so on, and it
upsets things in a very bad way.
00:21:40.96\00:21:48.24
It winds up killing everything
in the streams and lakes. So
there has to be a way of getting
00:21:48.34\00:21:54.14
the nitrogen back into the
atmosphere, and in fact, there
are other micro-organisms that
00:21:54.24\00:21:58.58
take care of that particular
challenge. Now, there's
something interesting to note
00:21:58.68\00:22:04.85
about all of the
micro-organisms, really, that
are the important hinges of this
00:22:04.95\00:22:14.36
cycle, if you want to call them
that, and that is, every single
one of them benefits from what
00:22:14.46\00:22:21.04
they do. Nobody winds up just
doing, you know, taking care of
the nitrogen without getting
00:22:21.14\00:22:29.01
some benefit out of it. So it's
a system that benefits
everything. Without this system,
00:22:29.11\00:22:37.45
it looks like life could not
exist on earth. CHRIS: Now, I'm
remembering some of our previous
00:22:37.55\00:22:44.36
conversations. This is
fascinating because what this
definitely points to is, you
00:22:44.46\00:22:51.00
have this cycle of nitrogen
coming from the atmosphere,
plants getting the nitrogen,
00:22:51.10\00:22:59.24
splitting the nitrogen, turning
it into usable nitrogen, and
then micro-organisms all over
00:22:59.34\00:23:07.02
the place taking the abundance
of nitrates to help that
nitrogen get back into the
00:23:07.12\00:23:14.09
atmosphere so that cycle can
continue. Here's the fascinating
thing I'm seeing: We've talked
00:23:14.19\00:23:19.96
about harmony in the creation
pointing to a Designer. So Dr.
Standish, let me just ask that
00:23:20.06\00:23:29.10
question. What does this
nitrogen cycle tell us about
God, if anything? DR.
00:23:29.20\00:23:34.78
STANDISH: Well, for me, it tells
me two things. One, it tells me,
wow, that is an incredible plan.
00:23:34.88\00:23:42.85
The whole system really needs to
be in place for life to be
sustained. You can't break it
00:23:42.95\00:23:49.96
and expect that life is going to
be around for very long. The
other thing it tells me is that
00:23:50.06\00:23:56.60
there wasn't very. there could
not be a huge amount of time to
get that system into place. Now,
00:23:56.70\00:24:04.21
it might be that you could have
a broken nitrogen cycle for a
few years. But not for millions
00:24:04.31\00:24:12.15
of years. I actually sat down
and did some calculations on
this awhile ago, and you know,
00:24:12.25\00:24:19.59
depending on your assumptions
and things, you're talking
about, you know, a few years,
00:24:19.69\00:24:25.39
maybe a few decades, but not
millions of years. And yet, what
the Darwinian model of things
00:24:25.49\00:24:37.04
demands is that you have lots of
time so that these different
organisms can evolve. But if one
00:24:37.14\00:24:43.85
of these organisms that's
involved in the nitrogen cycle
evolves and starts doing its
00:24:43.95\00:24:48.28
thing, that's going to be a huge
problem for all the other
organisms that exist. Well, it
00:24:48.38\00:24:56.19
just can't even work that way,
because you've got to have the
nitrogen before you can have the
00:24:56.29\00:25:01.86
organisms. Do you see what I'm
saying? CHRIS: I do, I do. DR.
STANDISH: It's kind of a catch
00:25:01.96\00:25:06.30
22. CHRIS: Yeah, I know author
Michael Behe, a number of years
ago, wrote a book, and he talked
00:25:06.40\00:25:12.27
about something called an
irreducibly complex system. And
I don't know that he applied it
00:25:12.37\00:25:16.64
to this, but it almost seems
like this nitrogen cycle is an
irreducibly complex cycle that,
00:25:16.75\00:25:24.35
if you took out any one of the
components, it just doesn't
work. DR. STANDISH: You know,
00:25:24.45\00:25:29.26
that's a really good insight,
and I know it is, because my
friend Henry Zuill and I
00:25:29.36\00:25:36.60
actually wrote a paper about
this, where we asked the
question, "Is this an
00:25:36.70\00:25:41.84
irreducibly complex system on
the ecological level?" Because
Mike Behe, he talked about
00:25:41.94\00:25:49.51
primarily systems that are
occurring inside organisms or
inside cells. And by the way,
00:25:49.61\00:25:58.55
he's an incredibly insightful
man, a really, truly brilliant,
wonderful human being. What we
00:25:58.65\00:26:06.16
were asking is, "What if you
went outside of individual
organisms? What if you looked at
00:26:06.26\00:26:11.63
something on an ecological
level? Can you make exactly the
same argument?" We said that we
00:26:11.73\00:26:19.94
believed that it's similar, but
not necessarily identical. It's
close. But the difference is,
00:26:20.04\00:26:28.85
for an ecological cycle like
this to work, you can have a
little bit of flexibility with
00:26:28.95\00:26:39.39
time, but not a huge amount,
whereas for those molecular
machines, it's an instant. The
00:26:39.49\00:26:45.30
molecular machine is inside
itself. They either have to all
be there right at exactly the
00:26:45.40\00:26:49.84
same instant, or the whole thing
is functionless. So this is a
little bit different, but the
00:26:49.94\00:26:57.15
same general idea. CHRIS: And
we're out of time once again,
Dr. Standish, but what we are
00:26:57.25\00:27:06.69
seeing is, not only has God
designed living things in a
complex way, but He's actually
00:27:06.79\00:27:15.30
designed the environment in
which they live in a way that
all the components must be
00:27:15.40\00:27:22.90
there, because without them,
life simply couldn't exist. DR.
STANDISH: It's design all the
00:27:23.00\00:27:27.64
way down. CHRIS: Designed with a
purpose. Dr. Standish, let's
have a word of prayer. Heavenly
00:27:27.74\00:27:34.88
Father, we are so thankful that
You've designed our environment
with a purpose, and that purpose
00:27:34.98\00:27:40.36
is that we would have life and
have it more abundantly.
Heavenly Father, help us to
00:27:40.46\00:27:45.69
appreciate that. We pray this in
Jesus' name, amen. DR. STANDISH:
00:27:45.79\00:27:51.77
Amen. CHRIS: Dr. Standish, what
an interesting conversation we
had today about God's design in
00:27:57.01\00:28:02.31
the environment. We want to
offer our viewers the DVD
Unlocking the Mystery of Life.
00:28:02.41\00:28:09.62
Tell us about this DVD. DR.
STANDISH: Well, it's an
excellent choice. It's about the
00:28:09.72\00:28:15.39
little molecular machines that
run inside our cells, what
they're doing, how they're put
00:28:15.49\00:28:22.96
together, and why they appear to
be designed as opposed to the
product of some incremental
00:28:23.06\00:28:30.91
unguided process like Darwinian
evolution. CHRIS: If you'd like
to receive that DVD, here's the
00:28:31.01\00:28:36.95
information you need
to receive the offer.
00:28:37.05\00:28:39.51
CHRIS: Dr. Standish, thank you
again so much for joining us
today. DR. STANDISH: Well, it's
00:29:29.33\00:29:33.17
been my pleasure to be here.
These things are beautiful,
fascinating, and wonderful in
00:29:33.27\00:29:40.01
every way. CHRIS: Absolutely.
Dear friends, thank you for
watching. I invite you to join
00:29:40.11\00:29:45.71
us again next week. Until then,
remember, it is written: "Man
shall not live by bread alone,
00:29:45.81\00:29:51.89
but by every word that
proceeds from the mouth of God."
00:29:51.99\00:29:56.62