>>John Bradshaw: This is It Is Written. 00:00:19.05\00:00:20.92 I'm John Bradshaw. Thanks for joining me. 00:00:20.95\00:00:24.25 You can't hear the sounds now, but you can imagine. 00:00:24.29\00:00:28.69 This is, or was, New Echota. 00:00:28.72\00:00:32.49 For a time, for one people group, 00:00:32.53\00:00:35.60 it was the center of the world. 00:00:35.63\00:00:38.17 In 1825, New Echota became the capital of the Cherokee Nation. 00:00:38.20\00:00:42.84 There was a courthouse here. 00:00:42.87\00:00:44.37 The first Indian-language newspaper was printed here. 00:00:44.41\00:00:47.84 There was a council house. 00:00:47.88\00:00:48.91 The home of missionary Samuel Worcester was here. 00:00:48.94\00:00:51.51 There were stores. 00:00:51.55\00:00:53.01 It was a small sort of settlement, 00:00:53.05\00:00:54.68 but extraordinarily important. 00:00:54.72\00:00:57.02 And when councils were held here, 00:00:57.05\00:00:59.12 hundreds of Cherokee would gather. 00:00:59.15\00:01:01.26 But eventually, soldiers would fill this place, 00:01:01.29\00:01:04.93 and the people for whom these lands had been home 00:01:04.96\00:01:07.10 for hundreds or, or thousands of years, 00:01:07.13\00:01:10.00 would be removed and marched 800 miles 00:01:10.03\00:01:13.40 on what the Cherokee would call "Nunna daul Tsuny," 00:01:13.44\00:01:17.37 "The Place Where They Cried." 00:01:17.41\00:01:19.57 We know it today as the Trail of Tears. 00:01:19.61\00:01:23.48 Entire people groups would be dispossessed of their land. 00:01:23.51\00:01:26.58 Thousands would die in a series of acts of gross inhumanity. 00:01:26.61\00:01:32.92 The United States had been populated by Native Americans, 00:01:32.95\00:01:36.59 American Indians. 00:01:36.62\00:01:38.39 Hundreds of tribes lived across what would become 00:01:38.43\00:01:40.80 the 49 states, with Hawaii being the exception. 00:01:40.83\00:01:44.53 From the Wabanaki in Maine in the Northeast 00:01:44.57\00:01:47.24 to the Navajo and the Chumash in the Southwest, 00:01:47.27\00:01:50.71 from the Muckleshoot and the Quinault in Washington 00:01:50.74\00:01:53.34 and the Aleuts and Athabascans in Alaska 00:01:53.38\00:01:56.21 to the Seminoles in Florida in the Southeast, 00:01:56.24\00:01:59.78 North America was Indian country. 00:01:59.81\00:02:03.85 Europeans first came to what we'd now call the United States 00:02:03.89\00:02:07.92 early in the 1500s. 00:02:07.96\00:02:09.86 Settling here didn't come easy, 00:02:09.89\00:02:12.06 and to begin with, it didn't go well at all. 00:02:12.09\00:02:15.76 The Calusa people resisted attempts made by Ponce de León 00:02:15.80\00:02:19.20 to settle in Florida, and he left. 00:02:19.23\00:02:22.10 Other conquistadors and explorers followed in his wake: 00:02:22.14\00:02:26.04 Verrazzano, Gómez. 00:02:26.07\00:02:28.51 De Soto explored the Southeast from Florida to Arkansas, 00:02:28.54\00:02:32.51 becoming likely the first European 00:02:32.55\00:02:34.65 to cross the Mississippi. 00:02:34.68\00:02:36.52 Spanish settlers founded St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, 00:02:36.55\00:02:41.52 and in 1585, British settlers attempted to establish 00:02:41.56\00:02:45.19 a colony on Roanoke Island, on what today we call 00:02:45.23\00:02:48.60 the Outer Banks of North Carolina, 00:02:48.63\00:02:50.53 incidentally, just 10 miles or so from where 00:02:50.57\00:02:53.13 the Wright Brothers would become the first in flight. 00:02:53.17\00:02:56.81 The first permanent European settlement in the Americas 00:02:56.84\00:02:59.94 was Jamestown, near present-day Williamsburg, Virginia, 00:03:00.04\00:03:04.48 established in 1607. 00:03:04.51\00:03:06.98 The Mayflower arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts, 00:03:07.02\00:03:09.45 in 1620, and there could be no going back. 00:03:09.48\00:03:13.69 For the settlers, there was a massive expanse to explore 00:03:13.72\00:03:17.19 and tame and...colonize. 00:03:17.23\00:03:21.16 But there was a delicate question: 00:03:21.20\00:03:23.50 What to do about the people already living here? 00:03:23.53\00:03:27.54 American history is colored with stories romanticizing 00:03:27.57\00:03:30.71 the early settlement of this country: 00:03:30.74\00:03:33.01 stories about European-Native relations, 00:03:33.04\00:03:35.71 Pocahontas, and Squanto, 00:03:35.74\00:03:38.11 and cowboys and Indians in the Wild West. 00:03:38.15\00:03:41.35 But what can be easy to overlook is that the earliest inhabitants 00:03:41.38\00:03:44.69 of this land were real people, with real families, 00:03:44.72\00:03:48.62 and a very real way of life. 00:03:48.66\00:03:51.23 This was going to get difficult, 00:03:51.26\00:03:52.96 this question of the native peoples. 00:03:52.99\00:03:55.60 This was their land. 00:03:55.63\00:03:58.53 What do you do about that? 00:03:58.57\00:04:00.10 [rasping sound of cicadas] 00:04:00.14\00:04:01.97 President George Washington favored assimilation, 00:04:02.00\00:04:05.44 meaning that, over time, the native peoples and the Europeans 00:04:05.47\00:04:09.18 would become so intertwined 00:04:09.21\00:04:10.85 that they would basically become one people. 00:04:10.88\00:04:13.82 In other words, Indians would assimilate 00:04:13.85\00:04:16.62 into the European culture. 00:04:16.65\00:04:18.65 Their own culture would basically die out, 00:04:18.69\00:04:21.19 and the Europeans would end up with the land. 00:04:21.22\00:04:24.23 President Thomas Jefferson urged Indian tribes in the East 00:04:24.26\00:04:27.76 to relocate to the West. 00:04:27.83\00:04:30.40 He hoped that the Louisiana Purchase would provide land 00:04:30.43\00:04:33.20 for eastern tribes to voluntarily relocate. 00:04:33.23\00:04:36.94 Some did. 00:04:36.97\00:04:38.11 The government wanted Indians out of the East. 00:04:38.14\00:04:42.28 It's hard to say how many Indians were living 00:04:44.71\00:04:46.95 in what became the United States when Europeans first arrived. 00:04:46.98\00:04:50.69 No question it was in the millions, 00:04:50.72\00:04:52.99 maybe tens of millions. 00:04:53.02\00:04:54.89 But once Europeans arrived, 00:04:54.92\00:04:56.59 and along with them disease epidemics and then conquest, 00:04:56.62\00:05:01.16 those numbers plunged. 00:05:01.20\00:05:03.40 But there were more than enough Indians in North America to... 00:05:03.43\00:05:07.30 well, to get in the way, and they were in the way. 00:05:07.34\00:05:11.31 They were in the way of progress, as some saw it. 00:05:11.34\00:05:14.78 They were in the way of expansion and domination, 00:05:14.81\00:05:17.85 and they were in the way of power and wealth. 00:05:17.88\00:05:21.42 By the 19th century, there were five Native American tribes-- 00:05:21.45\00:05:24.72 or nations actually--in the Southeast of the United States. 00:05:24.75\00:05:28.86 They were known as the Five Civilized Tribes. 00:05:28.89\00:05:32.86 They were the Chickasaw, 00:05:32.89\00:05:34.40 the Choctaw, the Creek, 00:05:34.46\00:05:36.23 the Seminole, and the Cherokee. 00:05:36.26\00:05:38.83 They had adopted Christianity to some extent. 00:05:38.87\00:05:41.60 There was literacy, intermarriage with whites, 00:05:41.64\00:05:44.77 and generally good relationships with Europeans 00:05:44.81\00:05:47.51 and the United States government. 00:05:47.54\00:05:49.68 The Cherokee in particular had adopted many European ways. 00:05:49.71\00:05:53.68 But in the 19th century, the federal government initiated 00:05:53.72\00:05:57.45 Indian removal, the forced relocation of the tribes, 00:05:57.49\00:06:01.26 or nations, living east of the Mississippi. 00:06:01.29\00:06:05.13 The government would compel people who had occupied 00:06:05.16\00:06:07.50 certain territory for hundreds, thousands of years 00:06:07.56\00:06:11.07 to leave their homes, their possessions, their land 00:06:11.10\00:06:14.40 and everything on it, and everything below it, 00:06:14.44\00:06:17.57 and move almost a thousand miles away--on foot. 00:06:17.61\00:06:22.98 Obtaining Indian land had been a stated goal 00:06:23.01\00:06:25.41 of the U.S. government since the 1790s, perhaps even before. 00:06:25.45\00:06:29.42 But in the 1800s, 00:06:29.45\00:06:31.32 the whole process was kicked into high gear. 00:06:31.35\00:06:34.29 Almost 40 different treaties 00:06:34.32\00:06:36.02 enacted between 1721 and 1819 00:06:36.06\00:06:39.56 saw Cherokee lands reduced drastically 00:06:39.59\00:06:42.66 from what they were before European settlement. 00:06:42.70\00:06:46.03 Much of the Cherokee land in Tennessee had been lost. 00:06:46.07\00:06:49.60 The land in Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia was lost. 00:06:49.64\00:06:54.74 The Cherokee lost 90 percent of their territory. 00:06:54.78\00:06:58.55 After he was elected the seventh president of the United States 00:06:58.58\00:07:01.72 in 1829, Andrew Jackson said during his inaugural address 00:07:01.75\00:07:06.52 that he wanted to "observe toward the Indian tribes 00:07:06.55\00:07:10.26 "within our limits a just and liberal policy, 00:07:10.29\00:07:13.96 "and to give that humane and considerate attention 00:07:14.00\00:07:16.50 "to their rights and their wants 00:07:16.53\00:07:18.53 "which is consistent with the habits of our Government 00:07:18.57\00:07:21.37 and the feelings of our people." 00:07:21.40\00:07:23.24 Some hoped this might mean the United States would honor 00:07:23.27\00:07:26.34 the numerous agreements and treaties it had already signed 00:07:26.37\00:07:29.21 with native peoples. 00:07:29.24\00:07:31.08 But that was not to be. 00:07:31.11\00:07:33.75 Things became truly dire for the Cherokee in 1829 00:07:34.75\00:07:38.62 when gold was discovered in northern Georgia. 00:07:38.65\00:07:41.59 The Georgia state legislature enacted 00:07:41.62\00:07:43.49 a series of draconian laws. 00:07:43.53\00:07:46.29 Cherokees could not dig for gold, for example. 00:07:46.33\00:07:49.03 A Cherokee couldn't testify against a white man in court. 00:07:49.06\00:07:52.50 Contracts between a Cherokee and a white man had to be witnessed 00:07:52.53\00:07:56.14 by two whites. 00:07:56.17\00:07:57.97 Cherokee land was sold to European settlers 00:07:58.01\00:08:00.88 through a lottery system. 00:08:00.91\00:08:02.98 Cherokee were driven from their homes; 00:08:03.01\00:08:05.21 often their homes were looted and burned. 00:08:05.25\00:08:09.18 A year later, May 28, 1830, 00:08:09.22\00:08:13.22 President Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, 00:08:13.25\00:08:17.23 which stated the Five Civilized Nations would have to leave 00:08:17.26\00:08:20.66 their ancestral lands and move to present-day Oklahoma. 00:08:20.70\00:08:25.13 In 1835, a group of Cherokees signed the Treaty of New Echota 00:08:25.17\00:08:30.97 in a home right here, making the Trail of Tears an inevitability. 00:08:31.01\00:08:37.51 And God watched on, 00:08:38.31\00:08:40.32 hoping to see humanity rise to the occasion, 00:08:40.35\00:08:44.09 strengthening those in the position of weakness, 00:08:44.12\00:08:47.32 and hoping that those in authority would be humble enough 00:08:47.36\00:08:51.23 to act with dignity and fairness and honor. 00:08:51.26\00:08:55.90 God is familiar with tears. 00:08:55.93\00:08:59.77 I'll be back in just a moment. 00:08:59.80\00:09:01.40 ¤[music swells and ends]¤ 00:09:01.44\00:09:07.44 >>John: There is power in the Word of God, 00:09:10.21\00:09:12.38 and power available to you through the promises of God. 00:09:12.41\00:09:17.05 God wants you to experience that power, and so do I. 00:09:17.09\00:09:20.09 I'd like you to have today's free offer, 00:09:20.12\00:09:21.99 "Promises of Power," 00:09:22.02\00:09:23.59 new from It Is Written. 00:09:23.63\00:09:25.19 To receive "Promises of Power," 00:09:25.23\00:09:26.80 call 800-253-3000. 00:09:26.83\00:09:29.80 You could write to the address on your screen 00:09:29.83\00:09:31.63 or visit us online at iiwoffer.com. 00:09:31.67\00:09:35.80 And be sure you receive "Promises of Power." 00:09:35.84\00:09:39.64 ¤[ominous music]¤ 00:09:41.64\00:09:43.61 >>John Bradshaw: Thanks for joining me on It Is Written. 00:09:43.65\00:09:46.45 The New World was a vast expanse promising wealth and opportunity 00:09:46.48\00:09:50.95 to those who settled here. 00:09:50.99\00:09:52.79 But the reality for those who came to this new land was that 00:09:52.82\00:09:55.36 they'd invited themselves into someone else's backyard. 00:09:55.39\00:09:59.39 So the government of the United States, 00:09:59.43\00:10:00.96 along with state governments, were determined to move 00:10:01.00\00:10:04.00 the original habitants of this continent 00:10:04.03\00:10:06.43 off their ancestral land. 00:10:06.47\00:10:09.60 President Jackson's Indian removal bill, signed in 1830, 00:10:09.64\00:10:13.91 passed in the House of Representatives 00:10:13.94\00:10:15.51 by just five votes. 00:10:15.54\00:10:18.15 The Cherokee took the state of Georgia to court. 00:10:18.18\00:10:20.88 Supreme Court decisions meant that Georgia had no right 00:10:20.92\00:10:24.65 to enforce its laws in Cherokee territory. 00:10:24.69\00:10:27.89 A reprieve for the Cherokee. 00:10:27.92\00:10:30.36 But President Andrew Jackson, 00:10:30.39\00:10:32.69 President Andrew Jackson ignored the ruling of the Supreme Court. 00:10:32.73\00:10:38.97 The Cherokee would be rounded up and moved out. 00:10:39.00\00:10:43.97 Now, people everywhere knew that this was wrong. 00:10:44.01\00:10:47.24 This wasn't something which at the time 00:10:47.28\00:10:49.14 appeared less deplorable owing to the times 00:10:49.18\00:10:52.45 and was only seen for what it was many years later. 00:10:52.48\00:10:55.92 No, at the time, this was recognized by many 00:10:55.95\00:11:00.36 as a reprehensible, morally repugnant, criminal act. 00:11:00.39\00:11:05.69 But the people entrusted with the responsibility 00:11:05.73\00:11:08.20 to stop such actions wouldn't. 00:11:08.23\00:11:11.67 The Seminole would be removed from their home in Florida. 00:11:12.67\00:11:16.27 The Creek occupied parts of Georgia, Florida, 00:11:16.30\00:11:19.34 South Carolina, and Alabama. 00:11:19.37\00:11:21.48 The Choctaw were located mainly in Mississippi and Alabama. 00:11:21.51\00:11:24.88 The Chickasaw were in Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, 00:11:24.91\00:11:28.32 while the Cherokee originally were in Tennessee, 00:11:28.35\00:11:31.52 North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, 00:11:31.55\00:11:34.76 parts of West Virginia, and Virginia as well. 00:11:34.79\00:11:38.63 All would have to leave. 00:11:38.66\00:11:41.00 Other smaller tribes to the north would also be removed, 00:11:41.03\00:11:44.17 but they were small enough that they couldn't really provide 00:11:44.20\00:11:46.37 any real resistance to the government. 00:11:46.40\00:11:49.20 The five larger tribes strongly resisted removal. 00:11:49.24\00:11:53.31 But by 1832, four of the five had signed treaties 00:11:53.34\00:11:57.38 with the government agreeing to move west. 00:11:57.41\00:12:00.78 What else could they really do? 00:12:00.82\00:12:02.68 Their removal was inevitable. 00:12:02.72\00:12:05.19 The Cherokee held out for several more years. 00:12:05.22\00:12:08.06 Their opposition was led by a man named John Ross, 00:12:08.09\00:12:11.13 who for nearly 40 years was the principal chief of the Cherokee. 00:12:11.16\00:12:15.66 Ross himself had felt the sting in the tail of the government. 00:12:15.70\00:12:19.67 After traveling to Washington to represent his people in 1833 00:12:19.70\00:12:23.74 in an attempt to stop their removal, 00:12:23.77\00:12:26.24 Ross returned home to Georgia to discover 00:12:26.27\00:12:29.14 that his plantation had been given away by lottery. 00:12:29.18\00:12:32.91 He found his family walking to Tennessee in the rain. 00:12:32.95\00:12:37.35 He moved to Tennessee and settled 00:12:37.39\00:12:39.32 in present-day Chattanooga. 00:12:39.35\00:12:41.36 This is the site of Ross's Landing. 00:12:42.36\00:12:44.96 Cherokee gathered here as they prepared to move west, 00:12:44.99\00:12:49.26 never again to see their homeland. 00:12:49.30\00:12:51.67 Now, not all Cherokee felt as Ross did. 00:12:51.70\00:12:54.84 Some felt that the prudent thing to do 00:12:54.87\00:12:56.67 would be to sign a treaty and move west, 00:12:56.71\00:12:59.34 believing that resisting the federal government was futile. 00:12:59.37\00:13:03.48 A small group of Cherokee signed a treaty with the government 00:13:03.51\00:13:06.28 at a council at New Echota. 00:13:06.31\00:13:08.65 The government would give the Cherokee $5 million, 00:13:08.68\00:13:11.72 a place to live, and the Cherokee would move. 00:13:11.75\00:13:15.62 The problem was the group who signed the treaty 00:13:15.66\00:13:18.36 were not authorized to do so. 00:13:18.39\00:13:20.30 John Ross traveled to Washington, D.C., 00:13:20.33\00:13:22.50 to protest the treaty, 00:13:22.53\00:13:24.60 but he wasn't permitted to meet with the President. 00:13:24.63\00:13:27.10 The Senate approved the treaty by one vote, 00:13:27.14\00:13:32.04 and that was enough for Andrew Jackson, 00:13:32.07\00:13:33.71 who passed it into law. 00:13:33.74\00:13:35.84 Approximately 16,000 Cherokee would eventually sign a petition 00:13:35.88\00:13:39.81 protesting the treaty, 00:13:39.85\00:13:41.72 but new president Martin Van Buren ignored the petition. 00:13:41.75\00:13:46.45 Under General Winfield Scott, the Cherokee were rounded up 00:13:47.46\00:13:50.86 at military posts and taken to one of 11 camps 00:13:50.89\00:13:54.46 in Tennessee and Alabama. 00:13:54.50\00:13:56.33 They were typically kept in stockades. 00:13:56.36\00:13:58.87 The possessions they left behind were looted by settlers. 00:13:58.90\00:14:02.90 A soldier who had grown up among the Cherokee later said 00:14:02.94\00:14:06.01 that he "witnessed the execution of the most brutal order 00:14:06.04\00:14:10.01 "in the History of American Warfare. 00:14:10.05\00:14:12.45 "I saw the helpless Cherokees arrested and dragged 00:14:12.48\00:14:15.32 "from their homes, and driven at the bayonet point 00:14:15.35\00:14:18.25 "into the stockades. 00:14:18.29\00:14:20.09 "And in the chill of a drizzling rain on an October morning 00:14:20.12\00:14:23.59 "I saw them loaded like cattle or sheep 00:14:23.63\00:14:26.86 "into six hundred and forty-five wagons 00:14:26.90\00:14:29.70 and started toward the west." 00:14:29.73\00:14:32.13 By the end of June of 1838, 00:14:32.17\00:14:34.84 the last Cherokee had been expelled from Georgia. 00:14:34.87\00:14:38.54 Fifteen hundred departed from right here. 00:14:38.57\00:14:41.94 Their removal to the west was to be carried out by boat, 00:14:41.98\00:14:45.25 but a severe drought caused river levels to become so low 00:14:45.28\00:14:49.02 this wasn't possible. 00:14:49.05\00:14:50.29 It was also very hot that summer. 00:14:50.32\00:14:52.69 The forced removal would be delayed until later in the year. 00:14:52.72\00:14:56.46 Conditions in the Cherokee camps were...abysmal. 00:14:56.49\00:15:01.33 So Chief John Ross negotiated 00:15:01.36\00:15:03.16 for Cherokee to lead their own removal. 00:15:03.20\00:15:06.87 ¤[ominous music]¤ 00:15:06.90\00:15:08.87 [traffic noise] 00:15:08.90\00:15:10.37 When the Cherokee finally left to head west 00:15:10.41\00:15:13.01 in October of 1838, rain and cold weather came. 00:15:13.04\00:15:18.18 The multiple groups took varying routes. 00:15:18.21\00:15:21.35 One group left from Fort Cass, Tennessee, 00:15:21.38\00:15:24.12 in what is present-day Charleston, Tennessee. 00:15:24.15\00:15:27.46 Those that would go to Oklahoma 00:15:27.49\00:15:29.06 via the northern land route assembled here. 00:15:29.09\00:15:32.09 Some sources say the majority of Cherokee were gathered 00:15:32.13\00:15:35.13 at the internment camp that was situated here. 00:15:35.16\00:15:38.40 General Winfield Scott's headquarters were here. 00:15:38.43\00:15:41.54 [rasping sound of cicadas] 00:15:41.57\00:15:43.24 Here at Blythe Ferry on the Hiwassee River, 00:15:43.27\00:15:46.07 many of the groups that left their ancestral homeland 00:15:46.11\00:15:49.14 crossed right here into an uncertain future. 00:15:49.18\00:15:53.52 The man who operated the ferry was William Blythe, 00:15:53.55\00:15:56.28 who, according to historians, left the area himself 00:15:56.32\00:15:59.62 and headed west with his Cherokee wife. 00:15:59.65\00:16:03.26 [footsteps] 00:16:03.29\00:16:05.33 ¤[ominous music]¤ 00:16:05.36\00:16:07.00 The memorial here today features the names 00:16:07.03\00:16:09.63 of 2,500 heads of household. 00:16:09.66\00:16:13.54 Although there are no accurate records 00:16:13.57\00:16:15.24 for the numbers of deaths that resulted from the relocation, 00:16:15.27\00:16:18.37 it's generally believed that around 4,000 00:16:18.41\00:16:21.18 of the 16,542 Cherokees forcibly removed from their homeland 00:16:21.21\00:16:26.88 perished as a result of the Cherokee removal 00:16:26.92\00:16:29.55 in 1838 and 1839. 00:16:29.58\00:16:32.19 Of course, that number could be significantly higher. 00:16:32.22\00:16:35.02 The wife of John Ross was one who died along the way. 00:16:35.06\00:16:39.49 The Trail of Tears wasn't simply one road or trail 00:16:39.53\00:16:42.80 from the east to Oklahoma. 00:16:42.83\00:16:45.37 The Cherokee and those who traveled with them, 00:16:45.40\00:16:47.47 including slaves they owned, traveled in 17 or so groups 00:16:47.50\00:16:51.87 along three main land routes and a river route. 00:16:51.91\00:16:55.51 Those who traveled by land either walked 00:16:55.54\00:16:58.18 or traveled by wagon or on horseback. 00:16:58.21\00:17:01.75 Many of them traveled for more than three months 00:17:01.78\00:17:04.59 during what was an especially harsh winter. 00:17:04.62\00:17:09.62 Over the years, the Cherokee did whatever they could 00:17:09.66\00:17:12.33 to appease the people wanting their land. 00:17:12.36\00:17:14.86 They often ceded great chunks of land to the settlers 00:17:14.93\00:17:17.80 in an attempt to keep the peace. 00:17:17.83\00:17:20.04 But peace couldn't be kept. 00:17:20.07\00:17:22.54 It was land the settlers wanted, and they would get it. 00:17:22.57\00:17:26.68 And they did. 00:17:26.71\00:17:28.34 It reminds me of another land grab. 00:17:28.38\00:17:30.95 Someone who came from a faraway place to a land 00:17:30.98\00:17:34.45 that was not his own and claimed dominion he had no right to. 00:17:34.48\00:17:39.62 That story, however, has a happy ending, 00:17:39.65\00:17:42.76 because Somebody else came to the world 00:17:42.79\00:17:45.53 and walked His own trail of tears. 00:17:45.56\00:17:48.76 I'll have more in just a moment. 00:17:48.80\00:17:51.23 ¤[music swells and ends]¤ 00:17:51.27\00:17:57.54 >>John: There is power in the Word of God, 00:18:00.08\00:18:02.41 and power available to you through the promises of God. 00:18:02.44\00:18:07.02 God wants you to experience that power, and so do I. 00:18:07.05\00:18:09.98 I'd like you to have today's free offer, 00:18:10.02\00:18:11.89 "Promises of Power," 00:18:11.92\00:18:13.46 new from It Is Written. 00:18:13.49\00:18:15.19 To receive "Promises of Power," 00:18:15.22\00:18:16.69 call 800-253-3000. 00:18:16.73\00:18:19.79 You could write to the address on your screen 00:18:19.83\00:18:21.50 or visit us online at iiwoffer.com. 00:18:21.53\00:18:25.67 And be sure you receive "Promises of Power." 00:18:25.70\00:18:29.24 >>John: Join me on It Is Written 00:18:30.07\00:18:32.07 for one of the great chapters of the Bible: 00:18:32.11\00:18:35.18 Isaiah chapter 53. 00:18:35.21\00:18:37.71 Isaiah has been called the gospel prophet 00:18:37.75\00:18:39.85 because how he repeatedly brings Jesus to light 00:18:39.88\00:18:43.25 throughout the book of Isaiah, 00:18:43.28\00:18:44.99 and there's no chapter in the book of Isaiah 00:18:45.02\00:18:46.86 where he does that more than Isaiah chapter 53. 00:18:46.89\00:18:50.59 Isaiah 53 has been quoted in the New Testament numerous times, 00:18:50.63\00:18:54.83 and you see why when you study God's Word 00:18:54.86\00:18:57.67 and focus on Isaiah chapter 53. 00:18:57.70\00:19:00.74 It's about Jesus Christ crucified, 00:19:00.77\00:19:03.91 the One who died for the sins of the world. 00:19:03.94\00:19:06.17 The Jesus that you and I know is coming back to this world 00:19:06.21\00:19:10.01 to take us home. 00:19:10.05\00:19:11.48 Don't miss "Great Chapters of the Bible: Isaiah [Chapter] 53." 00:19:11.51\00:19:17.09 You will be moved. You'll be blessed. 00:19:17.12\00:19:19.72 And you will be encouraged in faith in God. 00:19:19.75\00:19:23.76 "Great Chapters of the Bible: Isaiah 53." 00:19:23.79\00:19:26.83 Watch now on It Is Written TV. 00:19:26.86\00:19:29.50 >>John Bradshaw: The Trail of Tears was the forced removal 00:19:30.67\00:19:33.23 of the Five Civilized Tribes from the American Southeast. 00:19:33.27\00:19:37.97 They were far from the only tribes removed and dispossessed 00:19:38.01\00:19:41.11 of their ancient lands. 00:19:41.14\00:19:42.54 But the Cherokee were the last to be removed. 00:19:42.58\00:19:45.65 They were taken from various locations. 00:19:45.68\00:19:48.35 The vast majority walked the 800 miles to what would become 00:19:48.38\00:19:52.29 their new home in Oklahoma. 00:19:52.32\00:19:54.96 Thousands died along the way. 00:19:54.99\00:19:57.99 Before the journey began, they were kept in hideous conditions 00:19:58.03\00:20:00.73 in internment camps. 00:20:00.76\00:20:03.03 Forty minutes from Ross's Landing is Red Clay State Park. 00:20:03.06\00:20:08.60 It's where the Cherokee national government met for the last time 00:20:08.64\00:20:11.74 before the enforcement of the Indian Removal Act. 00:20:11.77\00:20:15.18 Between 1832 and 1837, a dozen or so general councils 00:20:15.21\00:20:19.71 were held right here. 00:20:19.75\00:20:21.98 Thousands of Cherokee would attend, 00:20:22.02\00:20:24.15 again and again rejecting the proposed agreements 00:20:24.19\00:20:27.62 to surrender their land and move west. 00:20:27.66\00:20:30.39 The Trail of Tears really began here. 00:20:30.43\00:20:33.76 An eternal flame burns here at Red Clay, 00:20:33.80\00:20:36.80 a perpetual memorial to those who suffered and died 00:20:36.83\00:20:39.87 during the atrocity. 00:20:39.90\00:20:43.61 Now, sometimes in stories like this you find a silver lining. 00:20:43.64\00:20:46.17 "Well, at least this happened." 00:20:46.21\00:20:49.24 Except there's no silver lining in this story, 00:20:49.28\00:20:51.88 no fairytale ending. 00:20:51.91\00:20:53.98 The Cherokee and other tribes were driven from their land, 00:20:54.02\00:20:56.82 sent to live in another time zone, 00:20:56.85\00:21:00.09 and that was that. 00:21:00.12\00:21:01.86 That's often what happens in life. 00:21:01.89\00:21:03.93 We're reminded that the Bible speaks about a time 00:21:04.93\00:21:07.40 when people would lose their liberties 00:21:07.40\00:21:10.23 through no fault of their own. 00:21:10.27\00:21:12.33 According to the book of Revelation, 00:21:12.37\00:21:14.44 there'll be a time when people who are faithful to God 00:21:14.47\00:21:17.04 will not be able to buy and sell, 00:21:17.07\00:21:19.31 and ultimately, many will lose their lives. 00:21:19.34\00:21:23.28 Daniel wrote about "a time of trouble, 00:21:23.31\00:21:25.61 such as never was since there was a nation," 00:21:25.65\00:21:28.62 in Daniel 12 and verse 1. 00:21:28.65\00:21:31.19 If there's someone who understands injustice, 00:21:31.22\00:21:33.96 it's God. 00:21:33.99\00:21:35.36 "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth," 00:21:35.39\00:21:38.23 according to the very first line of the Bible. 00:21:38.26\00:21:41.50 He created a beautiful dwelling place 00:21:41.53\00:21:43.60 for our first grandparents. 00:21:43.63\00:21:45.47 But it wasn't long before an enemy had robbed them 00:21:45.50\00:21:49.50 of their homeland. 00:21:49.54\00:21:51.27 They were banished from the Garden of Eden, 00:21:51.31\00:21:54.14 and everywhere they went, sin followed them. 00:21:54.18\00:21:58.35 When were the first tears shed on this earth? 00:21:59.35\00:22:03.52 Was it then, when Adam and Eve were banished from Eden? 00:22:03.55\00:22:06.99 Was it when they began to realize 00:22:07.02\00:22:08.66 the awful consequences of sin? 00:22:08.69\00:22:11.13 The Bible doesn't say, but it's hard to imagine 00:22:11.16\00:22:14.30 that there were no tears around the time sin entered the world. 00:22:14.36\00:22:18.37 Animals died to provide clothing for Adam and Eve, 00:22:18.40\00:22:21.74 the first animals to die. 00:22:21.77\00:22:24.01 We could safely suppose that there were tears then. 00:22:24.04\00:22:27.71 It's interesting that the first time you find tears 00:22:29.48\00:22:32.18 explicitly mentioned in the Bible, it's in the case 00:22:32.21\00:22:35.48 of people who'd been banished from their home. 00:22:35.52\00:22:38.55 In Genesis 21, Hagar is rejected by Abraham and Sarah. 00:22:38.59\00:22:42.69 She believes her child Ishmael is going to die. 00:22:42.72\00:22:46.03 "So she sat opposite him, and lifted her voice and wept." 00:22:46.06\00:22:50.87 Tears of desperation. 00:22:50.90\00:22:53.34 In Genesis 23:2 we read: 00:22:53.37\00:22:55.60 "And Sarah died...and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah 00:22:55.64\00:23:00.04 and to weep for her." 00:23:00.08\00:23:02.14 Tears of lamentation. 00:23:02.18\00:23:04.28 Joseph wept when he was reunited with his brothers. 00:23:04.31\00:23:07.42 They were tears of reconciliation. 00:23:07.45\00:23:09.98 Baby Moses wept in the basket boat. 00:23:10.02\00:23:12.92 Tears of innocence. 00:23:12.95\00:23:14.59 The children of Israel wept in the wilderness 00:23:14.62\00:23:16.42 as they remembered the food they had back in Egypt. 00:23:16.46\00:23:19.03 Tears of greed, of faithlessness. 00:23:19.06\00:23:23.13 Hannah wept because she was without child. 00:23:23.16\00:23:25.53 Tears of supplication. 00:23:25.57\00:23:27.57 Israel wept in the Psalms when they remembered Zion, 00:23:27.60\00:23:30.04 Psalm 137. 00:23:30.07\00:23:31.57 Tears of, of regret, tears of longing. 00:23:31.61\00:23:35.34 Jeremiah has been called "the weeping prophet." 00:23:35.38\00:23:38.25 He said, "Oh that my head were waters, 00:23:38.28\00:23:41.08 "and mine eyes a fountain of tears, that I might weep 00:23:41.12\00:23:44.12 day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people!" 00:23:44.15\00:23:48.02 Jeremiah 9, verse 1. 00:23:48.06\00:23:50.69 Mary Magdalene washed Jesus' feet with tears of repentance. 00:23:50.73\00:23:55.06 Peter wept. 00:23:55.10\00:23:56.56 Matthew 26:75 says that after he had denied Jesus 00:23:56.60\00:23:59.93 the third time, "he went out, and wept bitterly." 00:24:00.04\00:24:04.27 The shortest verse in the Bible tells us 00:24:04.94\00:24:07.41 that as He stood at the tomb of Lazarus, "Jesus wept." 00:24:07.44\00:24:11.35 John 11:35. 00:24:11.38\00:24:13.38 Jesus' ministry was its own trail of tears. 00:24:13.42\00:24:17.42 He came to this world to live the life that we could not live 00:24:17.45\00:24:20.59 and to offer us everlasting life, as a gift. 00:24:20.62\00:24:24.33 You know, I don't want to stretch this too far, 00:24:24.36\00:24:26.86 but if God doesn't weep over seeing people reject 00:24:26.90\00:24:30.50 the gift of salvation, at least it has to break His heart. 00:24:30.53\00:24:34.67 But what happens in the end of all this? 00:24:35.60\00:24:39.04 One of the most hopeful verses in the Bible 00:24:39.07\00:24:42.61 is Revelation 21, verse 4. 00:24:42.64\00:24:44.41 It says, 00:24:44.45\00:24:45.58 "And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; 00:24:45.61\00:24:48.92 "and there shall be no more death, 00:24:48.95\00:24:50.39 "neither sorrow, nor crying, 00:24:50.42\00:24:52.55 "neither shall there be any more pain: 00:24:52.59\00:24:54.72 for the former things are passed away." 00:24:54.76\00:24:57.03 In this world, there's injustice; there's pain. 00:24:58.03\00:25:01.76 Some of that can be addressed. 00:25:01.80\00:25:03.33 Sometimes wrongs are righted. 00:25:03.37\00:25:06.53 Sometimes. 00:25:06.57\00:25:07.87 It didn't happen in the case of the Trail of Tears. 00:25:07.90\00:25:10.87 But there's coming a time when every wrong will be righted, 00:25:10.91\00:25:14.48 when every illness will have been cured, 00:25:14.51\00:25:17.01 where death no longer happens, 00:25:17.05\00:25:19.55 where tears will never more be shed. 00:25:19.58\00:25:23.35 For some people, the pain of this earth is just too much. 00:25:23.39\00:25:26.05 Seems that way. 00:25:26.09\00:25:27.72 But one day, one day when Jesus returns, 00:25:27.76\00:25:30.96 He's going to make all the wrongs right, 00:25:30.99\00:25:33.80 and He wants you to be ready for that day. 00:25:33.83\00:25:36.53 Jesus has been through enough pain already. 00:25:36.56\00:25:39.10 He shed enough tears. 00:25:39.13\00:25:41.27 Your salvation will mean more to heaven 00:25:41.30\00:25:44.07 than you could possibly know. 00:25:44.11\00:25:47.31 Can you make a decision today to allow Jesus to have your heart? 00:25:47.34\00:25:51.31 To look beyond this world to the world to come, 00:25:51.35\00:25:53.45 to accept Jesus into your life by faith? 00:25:53.48\00:25:56.15 One day, no more tears, just perfection forever. 00:25:56.18\00:26:00.79 You want to be there. 00:26:00.82\00:26:02.96 God wants you to be there. 00:26:02.99\00:26:04.99 >>John: Thank you for remembering that It Is Written 00:26:06.26\00:26:08.16 exists because of the kindness of people just like you. 00:26:08.20\00:26:11.60 To support this international life-changing ministry, 00:26:11.63\00:26:14.87 please call us now at 800-253-3000. 00:26:14.90\00:26:18.94 You can send your tax-deductible gift 00:26:18.97\00:26:20.48 to the address on your screen, 00:26:20.51\00:26:22.04 or you can visit us online at itiswritten.com. 00:26:22.08\00:26:25.88 Thank you for your prayers and for your financial support. 00:26:25.91\00:26:28.72 Our number again is 800-253-3000, 00:26:28.75\00:26:32.89 or you can visit us online at itiswritten.com. 00:26:32.92\00:26:35.96 >>John Bradshaw: Let's pray together now. 00:26:37.16\00:26:38.93 Our Father in heaven, 00:26:38.96\00:26:40.43 we thank You that one day 00:26:40.46\00:26:41.66 there will be no more tears. 00:26:41.70\00:26:44.60 The Trail of Tears reminds us that this is a world 00:26:44.63\00:26:48.24 of injustice and harshness and cruelty and sadness and pain. 00:26:48.27\00:26:53.94 But we are reminded today 00:26:53.98\00:26:55.34 that this is still a world of blessing. 00:26:55.38\00:26:57.95 Your Word reminds us that Your mercies are new every morning, 00:26:57.98\00:27:02.08 and our hope today is in the blessed hope. 00:27:02.12\00:27:04.75 One day Jesus will come back and take care of all of those things 00:27:04.79\00:27:09.69 that trouble us. 00:27:09.72\00:27:11.03 Friend, where is your hope today? 00:27:11.06\00:27:13.09 Can you look beyond this world? 00:27:13.13\00:27:15.13 To a Savior who has shed tears for you 00:27:15.16\00:27:18.83 and is looking forward to coming back to this world 00:27:18.87\00:27:21.70 so that you can be with Him forever. 00:27:21.74\00:27:23.74 Is the return of Jesus your hope, friend? 00:27:23.77\00:27:25.84 If it isn't, tell God right now 00:27:25.87\00:27:28.31 you wish Jesus to be your Savior. 00:27:28.34\00:27:30.61 Invite the God of heaven to take your heart and make it His own. 00:27:30.65\00:27:35.05 And He will. 00:27:35.08\00:27:36.92 Father, we look forward to that day, 00:27:36.95\00:27:39.09 and we thank You that through Jesus we have now 00:27:39.12\00:27:43.29 the hope of everlasting life in a land with no more tears. 00:27:43.32\00:27:47.76 And we pray in Jesus' name, 00:27:47.76\00:27:50.50 amen. 00:27:50.53\00:27:51.67 Thanks so much for joining me. 00:27:51.70\00:27:53.00 I'm looking forward to seeing you again next time. 00:27:53.03\00:27:54.87 Until then, remember: 00:27:54.90\00:27:56.97 "It is written, 'Man shall not live by bread alone, 00:27:57.01\00:28:00.41 but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.'" 00:28:00.44\00:28:05.08 ¤[dramatic theme music]¤ 00:28:05.11\00:28:13.12