¤[Theme music]¤ 00:00:10.04\00:00:17.28 >>John Bradshaw: This is It Is Written. 00:00:19.15\00:00:21.15 I'm John Bradshaw. Thanks for joining me. 00:00:21.18\00:00:23.85 1620: one of the most significant dates 00:00:23.89\00:00:27.79 in the history of the United State, 00:00:27.82\00:00:30.19 and it wouldn't be a stretch to say, 00:00:30.23\00:00:31.93 in the history of the world. 00:00:31.96\00:00:34.36 ¤[Music]¤ 00:00:34.40\00:00:41.97 Martin Luther had nailed the Ninety-Five Theses to the door 00:00:42.00\00:00:45.54 of the Castle Church in Wittenberg 103 years earlier. 00:00:45.57\00:00:50.48 By 1620, Luther had been dead for more than 70 years, 00:00:50.51\00:00:55.28 John Calvin for nearly 60; 00:00:55.32\00:00:57.42 Ulrich Zwingli had died almost 90 years before; 00:00:57.45\00:01:01.39 Theodore Beza, the disciple of Calvin whose likeness 00:01:01.42\00:01:04.26 is on the Reformation Wall in Geneva, 00:01:04.29\00:01:07.23 John Knox who stands to his left, 00:01:07.23\00:01:09.66 the Englishmen William Tyndale, Thomas Cranmer, 00:01:09.70\00:01:12.27 Nicholas Ridley, and Hugh Latimer-- 00:01:12.30\00:01:14.20 they'd all been gone for decades. 00:01:14.24\00:01:16.44 In fact, by the time you get to 1620, 00:01:16.47\00:01:19.87 the recognizable names of the Reformation 00:01:19.91\00:01:22.08 had all moved off the scene. 00:01:22.11\00:01:24.78 It could be said that the Reformation ended 00:01:24.81\00:01:27.48 around that time, 00:01:27.52\00:01:28.88 with many scholars saying that it came to an end 00:01:28.92\00:01:31.39 with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, 00:01:31.42\00:01:35.29 a number of treaties that ended the religious wars in Europe. 00:01:35.32\00:01:40.16 So at about the time the Reformation ended, 00:01:40.20\00:01:42.60 one of the most significant developments in the proclamation 00:01:42.63\00:01:45.40 of God's Word was getting underway. 00:01:45.43\00:01:48.00 And you could see God's fingerprints all over it. 00:01:48.04\00:01:50.77 If you've never seen it before, Plymouth Rock, 00:02:02.45\00:02:05.12 45 minutes south of Boston, in Plymouth, Massachusetts, 00:02:05.15\00:02:09.02 comes as a bit of a surprise. 00:02:09.06\00:02:11.79 The legend is that Plymouth Rock is where the Pilgrims 00:02:11.83\00:02:14.20 got off the Mayflower when they arrived on these shores in 1620. 00:02:14.23\00:02:19.37 The fact is this is only a fragment 00:02:19.40\00:02:22.07 of the original Plymouth Rock. 00:02:22.10\00:02:24.34 The original broke in half in 1774, 00:02:24.37\00:02:27.71 and souvenir hunters chipped away at the rock over the years, 00:02:27.74\00:02:30.75 so there's much less of it today than there once was. 00:02:30.78\00:02:34.32 Now, I know you don't always want the facts 00:02:34.35\00:02:35.98 to get in the way of a good story, 00:02:36.02\00:02:37.99 but another fact is that no one ever claimed the Pilgrims 00:02:38.02\00:02:41.39 landed at Plymouth Rock until 1741, 00:02:41.42\00:02:45.73 121 years after the Mayflower arrived in Plymouth Harbor. 00:02:45.76\00:02:49.93 But all that's incidental, really. 00:02:52.30\00:02:54.34 The rock itself is not what's important. 00:02:54.37\00:02:57.07 Today it's a symbol, a symbol of new beginnings 00:02:57.11\00:03:00.64 and the pioneer spirit. 00:03:00.68\00:03:02.21 It's an icon visited by more than a million people a year. 00:03:02.24\00:03:07.15 So what were the Pilgrims doing, anyway, 00:03:07.18\00:03:09.48 landing at Plymouth Rock, or wherever it was they landed? 00:03:09.52\00:03:13.59 Understand that and you'll understand 00:03:13.62\00:03:15.69 the birth of a great nation, 00:03:15.72\00:03:17.76 and you'll see how the guiding hand of God shepherded 00:03:17.79\00:03:20.90 His people and fostered the growth of the principles 00:03:20.93\00:03:24.47 of the Protestant Reformation. 00:03:24.50\00:03:26.53 So let's back up a few years. 00:03:26.57\00:03:30.67 The Pilgrims on board the Mayflower were Puritans, 00:03:30.71\00:03:34.51 English Protestants who were committed to purifying 00:03:34.54\00:03:37.51 the Church of England of Catholic practices. 00:03:37.55\00:03:40.92 The seeds for the English Reformation were sown by Patrick 00:03:40.95\00:03:44.22 and Columba and Aidan and others like them. 00:03:44.25\00:03:47.09 Centuries later, John Wycliffe was described as 00:03:47.12\00:03:50.46 "the Morning Star of the Reformation." 00:03:50.49\00:03:53.13 And then there was William Tyndale, 00:03:53.16\00:03:54.60 who heroically stood up against King Henry VIII 00:03:54.63\00:03:57.33 and translated the Bible into English at a time 00:03:57.37\00:04:00.07 when such a translation was desperately needed. 00:04:00.10\00:04:03.27 With his dying breath, 00:04:03.30\00:04:04.51 Tyndale prayed that God would open the eyes of Henry VIII, 00:04:04.54\00:04:08.21 which God did only two years later when the king 00:04:08.24\00:04:11.48 gave his permission for four different translations 00:04:11.51\00:04:14.15 of the Bible into the English language. 00:04:14.18\00:04:16.75 It was Tyndale's scholarship that provided the lion's share 00:04:16.79\00:04:19.79 of the King James Version of the Bible. 00:04:19.82\00:04:22.49 ¤[Music]¤ 00:04:22.52\00:04:32.53 ¤[Music]¤ 00:04:32.53\00:04:38.44 But even though the church in England, 00:04:38.47\00:04:39.77 or the Church of England, 00:04:39.81\00:04:41.18 had separated from Rome, it was in desperate need of reform. 00:04:41.21\00:04:45.18 Now, while it's true that England's King Henry VIII 00:04:45.21\00:04:48.58 was strongly motivated to separate 00:04:48.62\00:04:50.49 from the Roman Catholic Church because it would not annul 00:04:50.52\00:04:53.46 his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in the 1530s, 00:04:53.49\00:04:57.03 England's antipathy towards Rome ran much deeper than that. 00:04:57.06\00:05:00.63 There were significant doctrinal issues that separated the two, 00:05:00.66\00:05:04.40 but the Puritans wanted even more than that. 00:05:04.43\00:05:08.47 Even though the Church of England 00:05:11.21\00:05:12.44 was structurally independent from Rome, 00:05:12.47\00:05:15.14 that wasn't enough for the Puritans. 00:05:15.18\00:05:17.61 They believed that when it came to matters of Christian faith 00:05:17.65\00:05:20.78 and Christian worship, 00:05:20.82\00:05:22.48 that to depart from what the Bible said 00:05:22.52\00:05:24.05 was both unnecessary and unwise. 00:05:24.09\00:05:26.96 They wanted to follow the example of the Lutherans, 00:05:26.99\00:05:30.16 or the Reformed Protestants elsewhere in Europe, 00:05:30.19\00:05:33.46 and return to what they believed 00:05:33.50\00:05:35.03 was a more biblical form of Christianity. 00:05:35.06\00:05:38.40 Yet, the Church of England continued to embrace many 00:05:38.43\00:05:41.67 of the forms of Catholicism. 00:05:41.70\00:05:43.64 The Protestant movement was separated largely 00:05:47.64\00:05:49.78 into two wings: 00:05:49.81\00:05:52.98 the Lutheran-Calvinistic wing, often called Reformed theology, 00:05:53.01\00:05:57.15 primarily after the teachings of Martin Luther and John Calvin, 00:05:57.19\00:06:00.92 and the Arminian wing, which was patterned after the teachings 00:06:00.96\00:06:03.93 of Jacob Arminius and others who focused 00:06:03.96\00:06:06.66 on the role of Christian free will in the salvation process, 00:06:06.70\00:06:10.53 along with practical teaching, such as non-participation in war 00:06:10.57\00:06:13.64 and separation of church and state. 00:06:13.67\00:06:15.17 The Puritans of England clearly took their beliefs 00:06:15.20\00:06:19.44 from the Lutheran- Calvinistic wing. 00:06:19.47\00:06:22.01 And this would be demonstrated by their views 00:06:22.04\00:06:23.95 on religious freedom, 00:06:23.98\00:06:25.78 particularly when they came to the New World. 00:06:25.81\00:06:29.38 The Puritans played a significant role 00:06:29.42\00:06:31.32 in the political history of England 00:06:31.35\00:06:32.99 throughout the 17th century. 00:06:33.02\00:06:35.19 For a time, the Puritans ruled the country under the leadership 00:06:35.22\00:06:38.76 of Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell 00:06:38.79\00:06:41.30 during the 1650s. 00:06:41.33\00:06:47.70 Early in the 1600s, King James I decided 00:06:47.74\00:06:50.74 that he would not tolerate the agitation of the Puritans 00:06:50.77\00:06:53.41 any longer. 00:06:53.44\00:06:54.64 They'd either come into line with the policies and practices 00:06:54.68\00:06:56.71 of the Church of England, or they would leave. 00:06:56.75\00:06:59.51 And many of them left. 00:06:59.55\00:07:01.18 It was difficult for those who lived in England. 00:07:01.22\00:07:03.49 Many of them began describing themselves as Separatists 00:07:03.52\00:07:06.99 because they came to the conclusion 00:07:07.02\00:07:08.66 that the Church of England was never going to change. 00:07:08.69\00:07:12.49 Many of them fled to the Dutch Republic, 00:07:12.53\00:07:14.63 which at the time was more favorable 00:07:14.66\00:07:16.16 to Reformed Protestantism. 00:07:16.20\00:07:18.27 Life was hard for those immigrants. 00:07:18.30\00:07:19.77 Many of them had been farmers, 00:07:19.80\00:07:21.40 and they were not able to farm in their new homeland. 00:07:21.44\00:07:24.91 Instead, they had to learn a trade. 00:07:24.94\00:07:27.68 But they considered these difficulties just part 00:07:27.71\00:07:29.78 of God's way of forming in them a godly character. 00:07:29.81\00:07:33.35 "They knew they were pilgrims, 00:07:34.22\00:07:35.45 and looked not much on those things, 00:07:35.48\00:07:37.72 but lifted up their eyes to heaven, 00:07:37.75\00:07:39.59 their dearest country, and quieted their spirits." 00:07:39.62\00:07:42.96 But many of those Pilgrims chose to leave the Netherlands 00:07:45.26\00:07:48.56 and return to England before leaving again 00:07:48.60\00:07:52.27 onboard a ship called the Mayflower. 00:07:52.30\00:07:55.27 They were headed for the New World. 00:07:55.30\00:07:58.44 Now some Pilgrims didn't make it. 00:07:58.47\00:08:01.08 I'll tell you more in just a moment. 00:08:01.11\00:08:02.58 ¤[Music]¤ 00:08:02.61\00:08:08.08 >>John: I'm John Bradshaw from It Is Written, 00:08:10.25\00:08:12.49 inviting you to join me for "500," 00:08:12.52\00:08:16.16 nine programs produced by It Is Written, 00:08:16.19\00:08:18.43 taking you deep into the Reformation. 00:08:18.46\00:08:21.56 This is the 500th anniversary of the beginning of the Reformation 00:08:21.60\00:08:25.73 when Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door 00:08:25.77\00:08:28.64 of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany. 00:08:28.67\00:08:31.07 We'll take you to Wittenberg, 00:08:31.11\00:08:32.51 and to Belgium, to England, to Ireland, 00:08:32.54\00:08:35.71 to Rome, to the Vatican City, 00:08:35.74\00:08:37.85 and introduce you to the people who created the Reformation, 00:08:37.88\00:08:40.78 who pushed the Reformation forward. 00:08:40.82\00:08:42.78 We'll take you to sites all throughout Europe 00:08:42.82\00:08:44.75 where the reformers lived and, in some cases, died. 00:08:44.79\00:08:47.59 We'll bring you back to the United States 00:08:47.62\00:08:49.26 and take you to a little farm in upstate New York 00:08:49.29\00:08:52.26 and show you how God spread the Reformation here. 00:08:52.29\00:08:55.16 Don't miss "500." 00:08:55.20\00:08:57.27 You can own the "500" series on DVD. 00:08:57.30\00:09:00.27 Call us on 888-664-5573 00:09:00.30\00:09:05.04 or visit us online at itiswritten.shop. 00:09:05.07\00:09:09.14 >>John Bradshaw: This is It Is Written. 00:09:11.91\00:09:13.65 There were actually two ships that left England, 00:09:13.68\00:09:16.58 bound for what would become known as 00:09:16.62\00:09:18.39 the United States of America. 00:09:18.42\00:09:21.62 There was the Mayflower and the Speedwell. 00:09:21.66\00:09:25.06 Together they left Southampton on August the 5th, 1620, 00:09:25.09\00:09:29.10 but the Speedwell leaked-- 00:09:29.13\00:09:31.70 not great for a ship intending to cross the Atlantic Ocean. 00:09:31.73\00:09:35.90 Both ships stopped in Dartmouth 00:09:35.94\00:09:37.74 so the Speedwell could be repaired. 00:09:37.77\00:09:39.94 After leaving Dartmouth, 00:09:39.97\00:09:41.54 they made it 350 miles beyond Land's End 00:09:41.58\00:09:44.71 before it was discovered that the Speedwell 00:09:44.75\00:09:47.58 was taking on water again. 00:09:47.62\00:09:50.99 So, once more, they returned to Dartmouth. 00:09:51.02\00:09:54.62 The Mayflower decided it would push on without the Speedwell. 00:09:54.66\00:09:58.53 Some of the Speedwell's passengers crammed 00:09:58.56\00:10:00.53 into the Mayflower, and so the Mayflower, 00:10:00.56\00:10:02.80 with 102 passengers and between 25 and 30 crew, 00:10:02.83\00:10:07.10 headed off on what would be a miserable voyage, 00:10:07.14\00:10:11.91 but they made it. 00:10:11.94\00:10:13.04 Slowly but surely, 00:10:13.07\00:10:14.18 life was established here in this new land. 00:10:14.21\00:10:17.31 More and more people would follow in the footsteps, 00:10:17.35\00:10:20.05 or in the wake, of the Pilgrims of England. 00:10:20.08\00:10:23.15 ¤[Music]¤ 00:10:23.18\00:10:30.99 They were driven by a desire for liberty of conscience, 00:10:31.03\00:10:36.13 but they really didn't understand what that truly was. 00:10:36.16\00:10:41.00 The idea that God has given the right to control the conscience 00:10:45.14\00:10:48.91 to the church and has given the church the right to define 00:10:48.94\00:10:53.05 and punish heresy is a school of thought 00:10:53.08\00:10:56.12 that came right out of Rome. 00:10:56.15\00:10:58.99 So while these people had rejected 00:11:03.12\00:11:04.49 many of the doctrines of Rome, 00:11:04.53\00:11:07.03 they retained the spirit of Rome: intolerance. 00:11:07.03\00:11:11.63 Any church they set up would ultimately be a church-state. 00:11:11.67\00:11:15.67 They dictated that only church members 00:11:15.70\00:11:17.57 could have a say in government. 00:11:17.61\00:11:19.37 The secular power was in the hands of the church, 00:11:19.41\00:11:23.51 which can only lead in one direction: persecution. 00:11:23.55\00:11:31.32 ¤[Music]¤ 00:11:31.35\00:11:36.79 In 1631, when Boston was a brand-new settlement, 00:11:36.83\00:11:40.56 a Puritan minister, not 30 years old, arrived here from England. 00:11:40.60\00:11:44.20 Roger Williams was a Separatist. 00:11:44.23\00:11:47.00 He believed that for a person to be truly faithful to God, 00:11:47.04\00:11:50.01 that person should separate from the Anglican Church. 00:11:50.04\00:11:53.78 He and his wife Mary would have six children, 00:11:53.81\00:11:55.94 all born in the New World: 00:11:55.98\00:11:57.98 Mary, Freeborn, Providence, Mercy, 00:11:58.01\00:12:02.15 Daniel, and Joseph. 00:12:02.18\00:12:04.72 It wasn't long and people knew he was here. 00:12:04.75\00:12:07.46 ¤[Music]¤ 00:12:07.49\00:12:11.16 Roger Williams was the first person in this land 00:12:11.19\00:12:14.36 to stand up for something that today we regard as a right. 00:12:14.36\00:12:18.50 He believed that liberty of conscience 00:12:18.53\00:12:20.87 was the inalienable right of all people, 00:12:20.90\00:12:24.34 whatever their religion. 00:12:24.37\00:12:26.27 He went so far as to establish government 00:12:26.31\00:12:28.54 upon the principle of religious freedom. 00:12:28.58\00:12:31.68 He was the first person in modern Christianity to do that. 00:12:31.71\00:12:35.35 Williams believed that the government had no place 00:12:35.38\00:12:37.75 dictating to individuals when it came to religious matters. 00:12:37.79\00:12:41.42 That was an entirely new way of thinking. 00:12:41.46\00:12:43.99 It was revolutionary. 00:12:44.03\00:12:46.49 In the early days of the colonies, 00:12:46.53\00:12:48.70 church attendance was required by law. 00:12:48.73\00:12:52.67 You could be fined or even imprisoned 00:12:52.70\00:12:55.64 for not attending church. 00:12:55.67\00:12:57.81 Williams was scandalized by this, 00:12:57.84\00:13:00.48 and he decided to do something about it. 00:13:00.51\00:13:03.28 >>Lincoln Steed: And it didn't trouble the Puritans whatsoever, 00:13:03.31\00:13:06.51 that while they'd left a bad situation 00:13:06.55\00:13:08.42 to come to the New World, they just set the same model, 00:13:08.45\00:13:11.32 where they would say everyone had to go to church. 00:13:11.35\00:13:13.62 You'd be fined. 00:13:13.66\00:13:14.62 You had to, uh, abide by what the minister said. 00:13:14.66\00:13:18.06 No freelance religion. 00:13:18.09\00:13:20.00 Uh, Roger Williams comes along, 00:13:20.03\00:13:22.30 and he was the conscience and really the, the, uh, 00:13:22.33\00:13:26.63 the guiding light of the true principles of religious liberty 00:13:26.67\00:13:30.24 that we're keeping alive today. 00:13:30.27\00:13:32.77 >>John: It seems strange to be talking about a battle 00:13:32.81\00:13:35.31 over religious freedom in the United States, 00:13:35.34\00:13:37.98 but keep in mind the times and the mindset then. 00:13:38.01\00:13:41.55 The church of Rome had taught very thoroughly 00:13:41.58\00:13:43.35 that there was no religious freedom. 00:13:43.39\00:13:44.82 It claimed to be the voice of God in the world. 00:13:44.85\00:13:48.49 The church spoke; 00:13:48.52\00:13:49.96 church members did what they were expected to do. 00:13:49.99\00:13:52.99 So even though the Church of England had separated 00:13:53.03\00:13:55.20 from the Roman Catholic Church, 00:13:55.23\00:13:56.43 it still retained a lot of Rome's ideas. 00:13:56.46\00:14:00.40 So when the Puritans came to the free world, 00:14:01.00\00:14:04.64 they were still hung up on the concept of the church saying, 00:14:04.67\00:14:07.51 "Jump!" and the faithful saying, "How high?" 00:14:07.54\00:14:10.65 They had not embraced the concept of religious liberty. 00:14:10.68\00:14:14.28 So in spite of the Reformation, further reform was still needed. 00:14:14.32\00:14:18.79 So while the Pilgrims and other Puritan settlers came 00:14:19.99\00:14:22.62 to these shores for the purpose of exercising 00:14:22.66\00:14:24.83 their own liberty of conscience, 00:14:24.86\00:14:27.30 many didn't believe in extending the same right 00:14:27.30\00:14:29.36 to those who held different beliefs. 00:14:29.40\00:14:32.10 Freedom was fine for themselves, 00:14:32.13\00:14:34.44 but not for people who taught and practiced things 00:14:34.47\00:14:36.30 they disagreed with. 00:14:36.34\00:14:38.31 One historian described this attitude with these words: 00:14:38.34\00:14:40.94 "New England divines (pastors and theologians) 00:14:40.98\00:14:44.31 insisted repeatedly that demand for uniformity 00:14:44.35\00:14:47.42 of religious practice in no way violated liberty of conscience. 00:14:47.45\00:14:52.49 They contended that there were two types of liberty: 00:14:52.52\00:14:56.49 natural (or corrupted) liberty 00:14:56.52\00:14:58.13 and the 'liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free.' 00:14:58.16\00:15:02.26 Liberty to practice error came under the former heading 00:15:02.30\00:15:05.73 and was not really liberty at all, 00:15:05.77\00:15:08.20 but license, the 'liberty for men to destroy themselves.'" 00:15:08.24\00:15:13.88 Roger Williams is truly one of the towering figures 00:15:13.91\00:15:16.31 in the American story. 00:15:16.34\00:15:17.81 And he's one of the towering figures in the advance 00:15:17.85\00:15:20.78 of the Word of God. 00:15:20.82\00:15:22.18 Not only did he advocate religious freedom for all, 00:15:22.22\00:15:25.72 he was also one of the earliest and most vocal opponents 00:15:25.75\00:15:28.56 of slavery on these shores. 00:15:28.59\00:15:31.29 He advocated fair treatment for Native American tribes. 00:15:31.33\00:15:34.46 He also learned many of the languages 00:15:34.50\00:15:36.60 of the tribes in the Northeast. 00:15:36.63\00:15:38.53 He'd run into trouble with the Anglican Church 00:15:38.57\00:15:40.57 before he came to America. 00:15:40.60\00:15:42.40 When he got here and he found the same principles 00:15:42.44\00:15:44.54 of intolerance in a place that was supposed to be 00:15:44.57\00:15:46.81 a haven for liberty, it disturbed him. 00:15:46.84\00:15:49.78 He did not agree with the Puritans' attempts 00:15:49.81\00:15:52.01 to set up a theocracy. 00:15:52.05\00:15:53.15 He said, "Forced worship stinks in the nostrils of God." 00:15:53.18\00:15:58.52 Williams believed that Constantine 00:15:58.55\00:16:00.99 was worse for the church than Nero 00:16:01.02\00:16:04.23 because Constantine successfully united the power 00:16:04.26\00:16:07.40 of the civil government with the authority of the church. 00:16:07.40\00:16:11.73 And before long, 00:16:11.77\00:16:13.10 things would get much worse for Roger Williams. 00:16:13.13\00:16:17.14 I'll have more in a moment. 00:16:17.17\00:16:18.51 ¤[Music]¤ 00:16:18.54\00:16:23.35 ¤[Music]¤ 00:16:24.88\00:16:26.58 >>Announcer: In Matthew 4:4, the Word of God says, 00:16:26.61\00:16:29.18 "It is written, 'Man shall not live by bread alone, 00:16:29.22\00:16:32.39 but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.'" 00:16:32.42\00:16:35.99 "Every Word" is a one-minute Bible-based daily devotional 00:16:36.02\00:16:39.33 presented by Pastor John Bradshaw 00:16:39.36\00:16:41.50 and designed especially for busy people like you. 00:16:41.53\00:16:44.40 Look for "Every Word" on selected networks, 00:16:44.43\00:16:47.30 or watch it online every day on our website: 00:16:47.34\00:16:49.74 itiswritten.com. 00:16:49.77\00:16:51.77 Receive a daily spiritual boost. Watch "Every Word." 00:16:51.81\00:16:55.14 You'll be glad you did. 00:16:55.18\00:16:58.58 ¤["Every Word" theme music]¤ 00:17:00.08\00:17:05.22 >>John Bradshaw: Five hundred years 00:17:05.25\00:17:06.32 after the Protestant Reformation began 00:17:06.35\00:17:07.99 on October the 31st, 1517, 00:17:08.02\00:17:10.89 we might be tempted to wonder what Luther and Knox 00:17:10.93\00:17:12.96 and Zwingli and Calvin and Farel and Beza 00:17:12.99\00:17:14.73 and the Huguenots and the Anabaptists 00:17:14.76\00:17:16.40 and so many others achieved. 00:17:16.43\00:17:19.17 Today it would seem that the protest is over, 00:17:19.20\00:17:22.10 even though the most influential church in the world 00:17:22.14\00:17:24.01 offers indulgences, hears confessions, 00:17:24.04\00:17:26.14 teaches justification by faith and works, 00:17:26.17\00:17:28.84 considers Mary the queen of heaven. 00:17:28.88\00:17:31.21 Where are the Protestants today? 00:17:31.25\00:17:33.01 Protestants are being welcomed back into the church of Rome, 00:17:33.05\00:17:35.32 and many see this as positive. 00:17:35.35\00:17:37.35 It's been said it's more important to be divided by truth 00:17:37.39\00:17:41.02 than it is to be united by error. 00:17:41.06\00:17:43.19 Paul said in 2 Timothy 4, verse 2, 00:17:43.22\00:17:45.43 "Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; 00:17:45.46\00:17:48.96 reprove, rebuke, exhort with all long suffering and doctrine." 00:17:49.00\00:17:52.53 The Word--anything less will never do. 00:17:52.57\00:17:55.77 I'm John Bradshaw for It Is Written. 00:17:55.80\00:17:57.31 Let's live today by every word. 00:17:57.34\00:17:59.74 [Insects rasping] 00:18:00.34\00:18:01.71 ¤[Music]¤ 00:18:01.74\00:18:13.99 >>John Bradshaw: A hundred years after the Reformation ended, 00:18:14.02\00:18:16.29 there was still a lot of reform left to be accomplished. 00:18:16.32\00:18:20.13 As long as there was no liberty of conscience, 00:18:20.16\00:18:22.60 and as long as the state was united with the church, 00:18:22.63\00:18:25.20 the church was a long way short of where it should be, 00:18:25.23\00:18:28.34 from a biblical perspective. 00:18:28.37\00:18:30.64 The man who would bring the needed change was 00:18:30.67\00:18:32.64 a Cambridge-educated Englishman who moved to the colonies 00:18:32.67\00:18:35.94 six weeks after his 27th birthday. 00:18:35.98\00:18:38.01 Williams was forced to leave Massachusetts, 00:18:39.51\00:18:42.65 and he went into exile in 1636. 00:18:42.68\00:18:46.42 In the winter, he journeyed through the forests, 00:18:46.45\00:18:49.69 not knowing where he was going. 00:18:49.72\00:18:51.56 Along the way he made friends with many of the natives 00:18:51.59\00:18:53.96 and later said that he would rather live 00:18:54.00\00:18:56.06 with "Christian savages" than "savage Christians." 00:18:56.10\00:19:00.10 His journeys led him here, 00:19:00.14\00:19:01.90 to a place that he would name "Providence," 00:19:01.94\00:19:05.04 convinced that the providence of God had guided him. 00:19:05.07\00:19:08.58 ¤[Music]¤ 00:19:08.61\00:19:16.82 It was Roger Williams, not Thomas Jefferson, 00:19:16.85\00:19:19.62 who first coined the phrase "wall of separation," 00:19:19.65\00:19:22.56 so far as church and state are concerned. 00:19:22.59\00:19:25.19 In 1644, Williams described the need to build 00:19:25.23\00:19:28.03 a "wall of separation between the garden of the church 00:19:28.06\00:19:32.53 and the wilderness of the world." 00:19:32.57\00:19:34.94 Leonard Levy, a U.S. constitutional scholar, 00:19:34.97\00:19:37.57 commented on these words of Roger Williams 00:19:37.61\00:19:40.01 with the following statement: 00:19:40.04\00:19:41.28 "Thus, the wall of separation had the allegiance 00:19:41.31\00:19:44.81 of a most profound Christian impulse 00:19:44.85\00:19:47.52 as well as a secular one. 00:19:47.55\00:19:49.55 To Christian fundamentalists of the Framers' time 00:19:49.58\00:19:52.15 the wall of separation derived from the biblical injunction 00:19:52.19\00:19:55.89 that Christ's kingdom is not of this world." 00:19:55.92\00:19:59.56 The fundamental principle of Roger Williams' colony 00:19:59.59\00:20:02.43 was that every man should have liberty to worship God 00:20:02.46\00:20:05.77 according to the light of his own conscience. 00:20:05.80\00:20:08.97 Rhode Island's founding principles, 00:20:09.00\00:20:11.21 civil and religious liberty, 00:20:11.24\00:20:13.54 became the cornerstones of the American republic. 00:20:13.58\00:20:17.01 This was extremely significant. 00:20:17.05\00:20:19.68 And so today, the Declaration of Independence states: 00:20:19.71\00:20:23.39 "We hold these truths to be self-evident, 00:20:23.42\00:20:26.39 that all men are created equal; 00:20:26.42\00:20:29.29 that they are endowed by their Creator 00:20:29.32\00:20:30.93 with certain unalienable rights; 00:20:30.96\00:20:33.70 that among these are life, liberty, 00:20:33.73\00:20:36.90 and the pursuit of happiness." 00:20:36.93\00:20:39.30 And the Constitution guarantees freedom of conscience 00:20:39.33\00:20:42.30 in religious matters. 00:20:42.34\00:20:44.11 "No religious test shall ever be required as a qualification 00:20:44.14\00:20:48.74 to any office of public trust under the United States." 00:20:48.78\00:20:52.61 "Congress shall make no law respecting 00:20:52.65\00:20:54.98 an establishment of religion, 00:20:55.02\00:20:56.99 or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." 00:20:57.02\00:21:00.69 It was this environment that allowed the preaching 00:21:00.72\00:21:03.06 and the teaching of the Bible to flourish. 00:21:03.09\00:21:05.29 Of course, there have been those who have abused 00:21:05.33\00:21:08.30 their religious freedom, 00:21:08.33\00:21:09.73 but just think of the alternative: 00:21:09.76\00:21:11.50 a world in which you're not free to believe what you believe. 00:21:11.53\00:21:15.27 That's the world Martin Luther faced when he nailed 00:21:15.30\00:21:18.11 the Ninety-Five Theses to that famous door back in 1517. 00:21:18.14\00:21:23.18 Word began to spread back in Europe 00:21:23.21\00:21:24.58 about a place where a person could worship God 00:21:24.61\00:21:26.95 according to the dictates of his or her own conscience. 00:21:26.98\00:21:30.65 As one historian wrote, "Massachusetts, 00:21:30.69\00:21:33.46 by special law, offered free welcome and aid, 00:21:33.49\00:21:36.52 at the public cost, to Christians of any nationality 00:21:36.56\00:21:39.93 who might fly beyond the Atlantic 00:21:39.96\00:21:41.70 'to escape from wars or famine, 00:21:41.73\00:21:43.57 or the oppression of their persecutors.' 00:21:43.60\00:21:45.20 [And so] the fugitive and the downtrodden were, 00:21:45.23\00:21:48.20 by statute, made the guests of the commonwealth." 00:21:48.24\00:21:52.54 The colonies grew, and the world saw the prosperity 00:21:52.57\00:21:56.28 and the increasing strength of a church without a pope 00:21:56.31\00:22:00.45 and a state without a king. 00:22:00.48\00:22:03.15 In this patch of earth, Roger Williams raised up 00:22:03.18\00:22:05.52 a memorial to religious freedom. 00:22:05.55\00:22:08.39 The establishment of the Rhode Island colony was 00:22:08.42\00:22:10.66 a landmark event in the history of the Protestant Reformation, 00:22:10.69\00:22:15.20 a new haven in a new land where people would finally be free, 00:22:15.23\00:22:20.94 to follow the dictates of their own conscience 00:22:20.97\00:22:22.97 when it came to matters of faith. 00:22:23.00\00:22:24.44 Even the Puritans of Roger Williams' day 00:22:24.47\00:22:26.88 couldn't accept his thinking. 00:22:26.91\00:22:28.54 You see, it was the prevailing belief 400 or so years ago 00:22:28.58\00:22:31.98 that the civil government had every right 00:22:32.01\00:22:34.48 to dictate to people's conscience. 00:22:34.52\00:22:36.89 That did not sit well with Roger Williams, 00:22:36.92\00:22:38.62 and it led him into deep conflict. 00:22:38.65\00:22:41.32 But the conflict that he experienced brought, 00:22:41.36\00:22:43.89 to everyone that followed, freedom. 00:22:43.93\00:22:48.00 ¤[Music]¤ 00:22:48.03\00:22:52.80 Now, of course that meant that if you wanted to opt out, 00:22:52.83\00:22:55.37 to practice no religion, to disagree with the church, 00:22:55.40\00:22:59.07 then it was your right to do so. 00:22:59.11\00:23:01.98 And it's this spirit of religious liberty 00:23:02.01\00:23:03.81 that's described in the New Testament, 00:23:03.85\00:23:05.81 just a few verses from the end of the Bible, 00:23:05.85\00:23:08.18 where the bride of Christ blends her appeal 00:23:08.22\00:23:11.32 with that of the Holy Spirit in urging humanity 00:23:11.35\00:23:14.96 to accept God's gift of salvation. 00:23:14.99\00:23:17.89 "And the Spirit and the bride say, 'Come!' 00:23:17.93\00:23:20.66 And let him who hears say, 'Come!' 00:23:20.70\00:23:24.17 And let him who thirsts come. 00:23:24.20\00:23:27.24 [And] whoever desires, let him take the water of life freely." 00:23:27.27\00:23:33.17 Freedom of conscience would take hold in America in a way 00:23:33.21\00:23:36.91 not seen in any other civil experiment in human history. 00:23:36.95\00:23:41.25 The inalienable right to worship and follow conscience, 00:23:41.28\00:23:45.05 as a person chooses, would become 00:23:45.09\00:23:47.52 one of the main cornerstones of the American experience 00:23:47.56\00:23:50.69 and of the final stages of the Protestant Reformation. 00:23:50.73\00:23:54.20 ¤[Music]¤ 00:23:54.23\00:24:00.67 Roger Williams demonstrated how important it is 00:24:00.70\00:24:03.57 for believers to press forward. 00:24:03.61\00:24:06.14 While the Reformation accomplished an enormous amount, 00:24:06.17\00:24:08.88 in terms of opening up the Bible and bringing the light 00:24:08.91\00:24:12.05 of God's Word to the human mind, 00:24:12.08\00:24:14.55 there was still a lot left to accomplish, 00:24:14.58\00:24:16.45 much more to learn, 00:24:16.48\00:24:18.29 more for the church and more for believers 00:24:18.32\00:24:21.06 as they grew towards God's ideal. 00:24:21.09\00:24:24.39 John Robinson was a pastor of Pilgrims in Holland, 00:24:24.43\00:24:28.13 and he said this to many who were preparing to leave 00:24:28.16\00:24:30.43 for the New World: 00:24:30.47\00:24:32.30 "Brethren, we are now erelong to part asunder, 00:24:32.33\00:24:36.47 and the Lord knoweth whether I shall live ever 00:24:36.50\00:24:39.71 to see your faces more. 00:24:39.74\00:24:42.21 But whether the Lord hath appointed it or not, 00:24:42.24\00:24:45.01 I charge you before God and His blessed angels 00:24:45.05\00:24:48.05 to follow me no farther than I have followed Christ. 00:24:48.08\00:24:53.59 If God should reveal anything to you 00:24:53.62\00:24:55.49 by any other instrument of His, 00:24:55.52\00:24:58.09 be as ready to receive it as ever you were to receive 00:24:58.13\00:25:01.70 any truth of my ministry; 00:25:01.73\00:25:04.83 for I am very confident the Lord hath more truth and light 00:25:04.87\00:25:09.64 yet to break forth out of His holy word." 00:25:09.67\00:25:14.01 I'm confident the Lord has more. 00:25:14.34\00:25:16.95 God has more for you in His Word. 00:25:16.98\00:25:20.88 That was true in the time of the Pilgrims, 00:25:20.92\00:25:23.15 and that commitment to the Bible, 00:25:23.18\00:25:24.62 to the progress of God's light would lead others to advance 00:25:24.65\00:25:28.66 the cause of the Reformation and guide multitudes 00:25:28.69\00:25:32.26 into a deeper understanding of God and His Word. 00:25:32.29\00:25:36.36 ¤[Music]¤ 00:25:36.40\00:25:41.60 >>John: How can you enjoy a successful Christian experience? 00:25:43.51\00:25:47.81 How can you know victory instead of defeat? 00:25:47.84\00:25:50.85 How can you live with honor and integrity before God? 00:25:50.88\00:25:55.15 Well, you can, and our free offer today tells you how. 00:25:55.18\00:25:58.09 To receive "The War Is Over," 00:25:58.12\00:25:59.69 call us on 800-253-3000 00:25:59.72\00:26:02.89 or visit us online at itiswritten.com, 00:26:02.92\00:26:06.46 or you can write to the address on your screen. 00:26:06.49\00:26:08.96 I'd like you to receive our free offer, 00:26:09.00\00:26:11.03 "The War Is Over." 00:26:11.07\00:26:13.40 Thank you for remembering that It Is Written exists 00:26:13.44\00:26:16.37 due to the gracious support of people like you. 00:26:16.40\00:26:19.84 It's your kindness that makes it possible for It Is Written 00:26:19.87\00:26:22.64 to share Jesus and the great truths of the Bible 00:26:22.68\00:26:25.38 with the world. 00:26:25.41\00:26:26.68 You can send your tax-deductible gift 00:26:26.72\00:26:28.52 to the address on your screen, 00:26:28.55\00:26:30.32 or you can support It Is Written 00:26:30.35\00:26:31.59 through our website: itiswritten.com. 00:26:31.62\00:26:35.46 Thanks for your generous support. 00:26:35.49\00:26:36.83 Our number is 800-253-3000 00:26:36.86\00:26:40.06 and our web address is itiswritten.com. 00:26:40.10\00:26:43.06 >>John Bradshaw: Let's pray together now. 00:26:44.20\00:26:46.10 Our Father in heaven, 00:26:46.13\00:26:47.47 we're thankful today that we have Your Word 00:26:47.50\00:26:49.44 and that we have freedom to worship You. 00:26:49.47\00:26:52.21 And to believe what we wish to believe, 00:26:52.24\00:26:53.88 according to the dictates of our conscience. 00:26:53.91\00:26:56.04 We thank You for the wall of separation 00:26:56.08\00:26:58.98 that You have erected to protect our freedom, 00:26:59.01\00:27:02.68 to prevent others from dictating to us what we should believe. 00:27:02.72\00:27:06.42 So, Lord, with that religious freedom, I pray for wisdom, 00:27:06.45\00:27:10.23 for grace, that we might exercise that freedom 00:27:10.26\00:27:13.83 in a way that grows us into Your image, 00:27:13.86\00:27:17.73 that leads us in the direction of Your Holy Spirit. 00:27:17.77\00:27:23.24 Now, Father, there's somebody thinking 00:27:23.27\00:27:25.71 that they must give You their heart. 00:27:25.74\00:27:27.08 I pray, draw that man, that woman, 00:27:27.11\00:27:28.48 that young person right now, 00:27:28.51\00:27:30.65 that decisions will be made even now, 00:27:30.68\00:27:32.18 that we will value this freedom we have, 00:27:32.21\00:27:34.92 given to us at great cost. 00:27:34.95\00:27:37.49 And use it in a way that will lead us into Your kingdom. 00:27:37.52\00:27:40.79 We look for that day, that day of Jesus' return. 00:27:40.82\00:27:42.72 May it be soon, we pray. 00:27:42.76\00:27:44.63 Take our hearts and make them Yours. 00:27:44.66\00:27:46.83 We ask You in Jesus' name. 00:27:46.86\00:27:50.53 Amen. 00:27:50.57\00:27:52.33 Thanks for joining me. 00:27:52.37\00:27:53.44 I'm looking forward to seeing you again next time. 00:27:53.47\00:27:55.50 Until then, remember: 00:27:55.54\00:27:57.04 "It is written, 'Man shall not live by bread alone, 00:27:57.07\00:28:01.68 but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.'" 00:28:01.71\00:28:06.18 ¤[Theme music]¤ 00:28:06.21\00:28:16.26 ¤[Theme music]¤ 00:28:16.26\00:28:28.00