¤[Theme music]¤ 00:00:10.37\00:00:17.61 >>John Bradshaw: This is It Is Written. I'm John Bradshaw. 00:00:19.35\00:00:22.25 Thanks for joining me. 00:00:22.28\00:00:23.55 He's one of the least-known well-known people 00:00:23.59\00:00:26.45 in all of history. 00:00:26.49\00:00:28.16 On a certain date every year, 00:00:28.19\00:00:29.69 people all around the world celebrate him, 00:00:29.72\00:00:32.26 without knowing much of anything about him. 00:00:32.29\00:00:35.30 Here in Ireland, St. Patrick's Day is huge. 00:00:35.33\00:00:40.54 It's a national holiday in Ireland. 00:00:40.57\00:00:42.27 On St. Patrick's Day people wear green, 00:00:42.30\00:00:44.37 and there are often parades and other celebrations conducted. 00:00:44.41\00:00:48.48 It was in the 17th century that the Roman Catholic Church 00:00:48.51\00:00:51.48 set aside March 17 as a day of celebration and remembrance. 00:00:51.51\00:00:56.79 In recent decades, Ireland has been a land of religious 00:00:56.82\00:01:00.52 and political tension over the question 00:01:00.56\00:01:03.22 of who should control Northern Ireland: 00:01:03.26\00:01:06.46 the Irish or Great Britain. 00:01:06.49\00:01:09.03 The dispute goes back many hundreds of years. 00:01:09.06\00:01:11.83 ¤[Bagpipes]¤ 00:01:11.87\00:01:18.41 In the 1960s, the Troubles began in Northern Ireland. 00:01:18.44\00:01:22.58 It was a period marked by violent clashes between 00:01:22.61\00:01:25.85 unionists and republicans-- 00:01:25.88\00:01:28.48 basically, between Protestants and Catholics. 00:01:28.52\00:01:32.15 More than 3,200 people died 00:01:35.09\00:01:37.79 during the 30 years of the Troubles. 00:01:37.83\00:01:40.26 There were thousands of bombings 00:01:40.30\00:01:42.33 and tens of thousands of shootings. 00:01:42.36\00:01:44.80 Men like Bobby Sands are still revered by many 00:01:44.83\00:01:48.00 here in Ireland. 00:01:48.04\00:01:49.57 Sands died in the notorious Maze Prison 00:01:49.60\00:01:52.37 just outside Belfast, 00:01:52.41\00:01:54.28 following a 66-day-long hunger strike in 1981. 00:01:54.31\00:01:58.88 In all, 10 men died during that hunger strike, 00:01:58.91\00:02:02.78 men who were committed to the idea of a united Ireland 00:02:02.82\00:02:06.62 and wanted to see Northern Ireland 00:02:06.65\00:02:08.66 wrested out of the control of the British. 00:02:08.69\00:02:10.76 ¤[Music]¤ 00:02:10.79\00:02:17.20 The tension began to ease following an agreement 00:02:17.23\00:02:19.87 that was signed in Belfast on Good Friday of 1998. 00:02:19.90\00:02:25.04 But religious tension goes back much further in Ireland. 00:02:25.07\00:02:29.14 And the man responsible for radical religious change 00:02:29.18\00:02:32.15 among the Irish, 00:02:32.18\00:02:33.35 the man responsible for the Christian evangelization 00:02:33.38\00:02:35.82 of the British Isles, 00:02:35.85\00:02:37.35 is celebrated all around the world today. 00:02:37.39\00:02:39.95 ¤[Music]¤ 00:02:39.99\00:02:46.49 During his lifetime, Patrick was considered a troublemaker. 00:02:46.53\00:02:49.66 He was a disturber of the peace. 00:02:49.70\00:02:51.57 Today, you might call him a religious lightning rod. 00:02:51.60\00:02:55.44 And there's one thing Patrick wasn't. 00:02:55.47\00:02:57.97 He wasn't Irish. 00:02:58.01\00:03:00.58 He was born in the year 385 A.D. or thereabouts, 00:03:00.61\00:03:04.75 and he died around 461 A.D. 00:03:04.78\00:03:08.38 At that time, the British Isles were pagan. 00:03:08.42\00:03:11.89 They were dominated by the culture 00:03:11.92\00:03:13.62 and the religious practices of the druids, 00:03:13.66\00:03:16.62 an elite class that had a direct line to the occult. 00:03:16.66\00:03:20.86 By the time Patrick came onto the scene, 00:03:20.90\00:03:22.90 druidism was at the height of its powers. 00:03:22.93\00:03:27.04 Druid literature speaks of the magical 00:03:27.07\00:03:30.37 and spiritual training of the druid, 00:03:30.41\00:03:33.07 in which he is eaten by a goddess, enters into her belly, 00:03:33.11\00:03:37.28 and is reborn as the greatest poet in the land. 00:03:37.31\00:03:41.58 Mention of druidism evokes images of wizardry. 00:03:41.62\00:03:44.89 And the druids in Patrick's day were into magic 00:03:44.92\00:03:47.86 and charms and healing powers. 00:03:47.89\00:03:49.79 They foretold the future. 00:03:49.82\00:03:52.06 And they worshipped the forces of nature. 00:03:52.09\00:03:54.10 They've been referred to as magico-religious specialists, 00:03:54.13\00:03:58.63 and it's said that they could call up a storm 00:03:58.67\00:04:02.20 to ward off invaders. 00:04:02.24\00:04:04.61 Now, while most modern scholars would not agree with this, 00:04:04.64\00:04:08.34 no less a person than Julius Caesar 00:04:08.38\00:04:10.65 made the claim that the druids practiced human sacrifice, 00:04:10.68\00:04:15.02 burning their victims in a device known as a “wicker man.” 00:04:15.05\00:04:19.22 Caesar also said that they believed in reincarnation. 00:04:19.25\00:04:22.66 Modern scholars say that the druids 00:04:22.69\00:04:24.53 were essentially shaman, spiritualists. 00:04:24.56\00:04:28.40 >>Dr. David Trim: So the religious situation in Ireland 00:04:28.43\00:04:30.20 in the 5th century is that it is the last holdout of the druids, 00:04:30.23\00:04:34.04 the druids who had once been the predominant religious figures 00:04:34.07\00:04:37.34 right across the British Isles and, indeed, 00:04:37.37\00:04:39.81 the north part of what we now call France. 00:04:39.84\00:04:42.01 But they had been largely stamped out by the Romans, 00:04:42.04\00:04:44.35 who found their religious practices, 00:04:44.38\00:04:46.08 such as human sacrifice, objectionable. 00:04:46.11\00:04:48.48 Um, there's very little evidence of human sacrifice 00:04:48.52\00:04:51.89 being practiced by Patrick's day, 00:04:51.92\00:04:54.59 but the druids are there. 00:04:54.62\00:04:55.82 This is a religion that is really focused on, 00:04:55.86\00:04:58.79 on nature and on spirits. 00:04:58.83\00:05:01.33 Uh, but it is a fairly sophisticated religion as well. 00:05:01.36\00:05:04.07 They had education; they were well-educated men 00:05:04.10\00:05:08.10 by the standards of the time. 00:05:08.14\00:05:09.67 And they had reasonably well worked out cosmology 00:05:09.70\00:05:12.81 and a pantheon of gods. 00:05:12.84\00:05:14.58 Um, but the druid, druidic religion, as far as we can tell, 00:05:14.61\00:05:19.28 does seem to be in a little bit of decline by the 5th century. 00:05:19.31\00:05:22.02 It's past its heyday, and so, uh, 00:05:22.05\00:05:24.95 there is this emphasis on spirits. 00:05:24.99\00:05:27.89 Uh, and where therein might still be some human sacrifice 00:05:27.92\00:05:32.03 is that we know people are found in the bogs of Ireland, 00:05:32.06\00:05:34.76 in the peat. 00:05:34.83\00:05:35.93 Now, some of them clearly ended up there accidentally, 00:05:35.96\00:05:37.83 tripped and fell, oh, too bad. 00:05:37.87\00:05:39.90 But others we know, uh, are offered as sacrifices. 00:05:39.93\00:05:43.64 Because you're hoping that by doing that, 00:05:43.67\00:05:46.71 you can ensure you have good weather, 00:05:46.74\00:05:49.11 a good harvest, 00:05:49.14\00:05:50.28 because everything depends on the harvest, 00:05:50.31\00:05:51.98 and so you want to appease the natural deities. 00:05:52.01\00:05:55.45 >>John: It was this paganism that confronted St. Patrick 00:05:56.35\00:05:59.15 during his ministry to the Irish people. 00:05:59.19\00:06:02.06 Druid magicians hindered the work Patrick was trying to do. 00:06:02.09\00:06:05.89 The druids resented Patrick, 00:06:05.93\00:06:07.76 knowing that his ministry was the beginning of the end 00:06:07.76\00:06:10.50 for druidism. 00:06:10.53\00:06:12.97 Patrick was born in Britain, 00:06:13.00\00:06:14.84 which at the time was controlled by the Roman Empire. 00:06:14.87\00:06:18.54 Exactly where he was born no one really knows, 00:06:18.57\00:06:21.28 although it seems likely that he was born on or near 00:06:21.31\00:06:24.81 England's west coast. 00:06:24.85\00:06:27.32 His family evidently was reasonably well-off. 00:06:27.35\00:06:29.62 Both his father and his grandfather 00:06:29.65\00:06:31.65 worked in religious service. 00:06:31.69\00:06:33.25 But Patrick, as a young man, 00:06:33.29\00:06:35.49 didn't take matters of faith seriously. 00:06:35.52\00:06:38.96 When he was 16 years old, 00:06:38.99\00:06:40.66 he was captured by raiders sent or led by Ireland's King Niall. 00:06:40.70\00:06:46.03 He spent six years toiling as a shepherd, 00:06:46.07\00:06:49.14 and it was during this time that he found faith in God 00:06:49.17\00:06:53.48 for himself. 00:06:53.51\00:06:54.84 ¤[Music]¤ 00:06:54.88\00:06:56.54 God spoke to Patrick and told him to flee to the Irish coast, 00:06:56.58\00:07:00.68 where he'd find a ship waiting to take him home. 00:07:00.72\00:07:03.72 So he left his master, 00:07:03.75\00:07:05.29 traveled many miles to a port, and he found the promised ship. 00:07:05.32\00:07:10.09 He traveled back to England and made his way back to his family. 00:07:10.13\00:07:13.60 And it was there and then that he dedicated his life 00:07:13.63\00:07:17.67 to serving God. 00:07:17.70\00:07:19.90 So how did Patrick, the runaway slave, 00:07:19.93\00:07:23.44 become St. Patrick, known and loved all the world over? 00:07:23.47\00:07:28.48 And what does Patrick have to do with the Protestant Reformation? 00:07:28.51\00:07:32.25 I'll tell you more in just a moment. 00:07:32.28\00:07:34.68 ¤[Music]¤ 00:07:34.72\00:07:39.45 >>John: We look around the world and it appears this planet 00:07:41.12\00:07:43.32 is spinning out of control in many ways. 00:07:43.36\00:07:46.36 The world of today is a far cry from the world of yesterday. 00:07:46.39\00:07:49.70 Is there hope? 00:07:49.73\00:07:50.93 Yes, there is. 00:07:50.97\00:07:52.07 Our free offer today is "Hope for a Planet in Crisis." 00:07:52.10\00:07:55.84 Call us on (800) 253-3000, 00:07:55.87\00:07:58.94 or visit us online at www.itiswritten.com 00:07:58.97\00:08:04.15 Or you can write to the address on your screen. 00:08:04.18\00:08:06.75 I'd like you to receive our free offer, 00:08:06.78\00:08:08.72 "Hope for a Planet in Crisis." 00:08:08.75\00:08:10.65 [Crickets chirping] 00:08:11.59\00:08:15.66 ¤[Music]¤ 00:08:15.69\00:08:23.67 [Camera equipment rattling] 00:08:23.70\00:08:26.13 [Rustling in bushes] 00:08:26.17\00:08:28.87 [People talking] 00:08:28.90\00:08:31.27 [Wind blowing] 00:08:31.31\00:08:36.31 ¤[Music]¤ 00:08:36.34\00:08:46.39 ¤[Music]¤ 00:08:46.39\00:08:56.13 [Cheering] 00:08:56.16\00:09:04.07 ¤[Music]¤ 00:09:05.94\00:09:18.55 ¤[Irish music]¤ 00:09:19.29\00:09:25.86 >>John: Thanks for joining me today on It Is Written. 00:09:25.89\00:09:28.53 He's known all around the world, 00:09:28.56\00:09:30.23 and he's celebrated every March the 17th. 00:09:30.27\00:09:33.27 But who was St. Patrick, 00:09:33.30\00:09:35.34 and what did he do that made him a global icon? 00:09:35.37\00:09:38.94 Well, to begin with, he wasn't Irish; he was English. 00:09:38.97\00:09:43.08 And he wasn't a Roman Catholic. 00:09:43.11\00:09:45.48 The principles that he lived by and shared with others 00:09:45.51\00:09:47.72 made him a forerunner of the Protestant Reformation, 00:09:47.75\00:09:50.52 which would occur many years after he died. 00:09:50.55\00:09:53.19 He was taken from his home in England 00:09:53.22\00:09:55.12 by Irish raiders when he was a boy, 00:09:55.16\00:09:57.39 and he was forced into slavery in Ireland. 00:09:57.43\00:10:01.03 He eventually escaped, 00:10:01.06\00:10:02.50 and he wrote that after studying in France 00:10:02.53\00:10:04.87 and returning to his home in England, 00:10:04.90\00:10:07.57 he had a vision, 00:10:07.60\00:10:09.04 not unlike a vision Paul had in the book of Acts. 00:10:09.07\00:10:13.01 “I saw a man coming, as it were from Ireland. 00:10:13.04\00:10:16.75 His name was Victoricus, and he carried many letters, 00:10:16.78\00:10:21.32 and he gave me one of them. 00:10:21.35\00:10:23.12 I read the heading: 'The Voice of the Irish.' 00:10:23.15\00:10:26.76 As I began the letter, 00:10:26.79\00:10:28.49 I imagined in that moment that I heard the voice 00:10:28.52\00:10:31.26 of those very people who were near the wood of Foclut, 00:10:31.29\00:10:34.96 which is beside the western sea, 00:10:35.00\00:10:37.33 and they cried out, as with one voice, 00:10:37.37\00:10:40.10 'We appeal to you, holy servant boy, 00:10:40.14\00:10:42.57 to come and walk among us.'” 00:10:42.60\00:10:46.31 Eventually, Patrick acted on the vision he received 00:10:46.34\00:10:49.38 and returned to Ireland to work as a missionary. 00:10:49.41\00:10:52.91 He landed at the same port from which he had escaped Ireland, 00:10:52.95\00:10:56.92 and began his ministry in Tara, just north of Dublin, 00:10:56.95\00:11:01.06 in what today is the Republic of Ireland. 00:11:01.09\00:11:03.83 And before long, the son of a powerful chieftain 00:11:03.86\00:11:06.06 in the north of Ireland was converted 00:11:06.09\00:11:08.53 and joined Patrick's missionary team. 00:11:08.56\00:11:11.10 Thousands were baptized, 00:11:11.13\00:11:12.73 among them many who were wealthy and influential. 00:11:12.77\00:11:16.54 Patrick ordained pastors throughout the island 00:11:16.57\00:11:18.77 to shepherd these new Christian communities. 00:11:18.81\00:11:21.64 Here's what he said about the new Irish believers: 00:11:21.68\00:11:25.11 “Never before did they know of God 00:11:25.15\00:11:26.95 except to serve idols and unclean things. 00:11:26.98\00:11:30.72 But now, they've become the people of the Lord, 00:11:30.75\00:11:33.69 and are called children of God. 00:11:33.72\00:11:37.06 The sons and daughters of the leaders of the Irish 00:11:37.09\00:11:40.00 are seen to be monks and virgins of Christ.” 00:11:40.03\00:11:43.93 There's plenty said about Patrick's life 00:11:43.97\00:11:46.37 that's nothing more than legend. 00:11:46.40\00:11:48.80 No, he didn't chase all the snakes out of Ireland. 00:11:48.84\00:11:52.64 There'd never been any snakes in Ireland in the first place. 00:11:52.67\00:11:55.91 They certainly didn't attack him 00:11:55.94\00:11:57.35 after he had fasted for 40 days. 00:11:57.38\00:12:00.08 His walking stick did not grow into a tree. 00:12:00.12\00:12:04.19 And he never used the shamrock to teach the Irish 00:12:04.22\00:12:06.86 about the Trinity. 00:12:06.89\00:12:09.29 Patrick sailed from near Drogheda to just outside Belfast 00:12:09.32\00:12:13.73 where he began sharing the gospel with people, 00:12:13.76\00:12:15.70 who, for the most part, had zero working knowledge 00:12:15.73\00:12:18.90 of the plan of salvation. 00:12:18.93\00:12:20.64 Now, Patrick wasn't the first missionary to Ireland, 00:12:20.67\00:12:23.77 but he was the first to gain any real traction and establish 00:12:23.81\00:12:27.34 an effective, far-reaching work. 00:12:27.38\00:12:30.65 So what was it that drove 00:12:30.68\00:12:32.61 this Bible-believing missionary forward? 00:12:32.65\00:12:35.28 As the church lost its focus on the Bible, 00:12:35.32\00:12:38.69 its increasing popularity within the Roman Empire 00:12:38.72\00:12:41.42 caused it to compromise its faith and witness. 00:12:41.46\00:12:45.23 However, there were many Christians who put up 00:12:45.26\00:12:47.86 strong resistance to this new alliance of church and state. 00:12:47.93\00:12:53.10 During these centuries, the Celtic Christians set a pattern 00:12:53.13\00:12:57.04 of independence from the church of Rome. 00:12:57.07\00:13:00.08 Like the reformers which would follow them later, 00:13:00.11\00:13:02.84 they held to the Bible as their exclusive 00:13:02.88\00:13:05.68 and supreme spiritual authority. 00:13:05.71\00:13:08.68 Historians had this to say about Patrick: 00:13:08.72\00:13:11.79 “He never mentions either Rome or the pope 00:13:11.82\00:13:14.46 or hints that he was in any way connected 00:13:14.49\00:13:16.73 with the ecclesiastical capital of Italy. 00:13:16.76\00:13:20.13 He recognizes no other authority but that of the Word of God. 00:13:20.16\00:13:24.77 If he were sent by Celestine to the native Christians 00:13:24.80\00:13:27.54 to be their primate or archbishop, 00:13:27.57\00:13:29.90 no wonder that stout-hearted Patrick refused to bow his neck 00:13:29.94\00:13:33.88 to any such yoke of bondage. 00:13:33.91\00:13:37.55 There is strong evidence that Patrick had no 00:13:37.58\00:13:39.68 Roman commission in Ireland. 00:13:39.71\00:13:42.05 Patrick's churches in Ireland, 00:13:42.08\00:13:43.49 like their brethren in Britain, 00:13:43.52\00:13:45.52 repudiated the supremacy of the popes. 00:13:45.55\00:13:48.69 All knowledge of the conversion of Ireland through his ministry 00:13:48.72\00:13:51.33 must be suppressed. 00:13:51.36\00:13:53.53 There is not a written word from one of them 00:13:53.56\00:13:55.30 rejoicing over Patrick's additions to their church, 00:13:55.33\00:13:58.50 showing clearly that he was not a Roman missionary.” 00:13:58.53\00:14:02.47 >>Dr. Trim: In the 5th century there is only one church. 00:14:02.50\00:14:05.74 Uh, and there's still a connection between 00:14:05.77\00:14:07.94 Britain and Rome. 00:14:07.98\00:14:09.14 It's in the middle 5th century that that gets severed, 00:14:09.18\00:14:11.35 and the British Isles gets cut off from the Roman Empire. 00:14:11.38\00:14:14.92 Um, but at that point here is still one church, 00:14:14.95\00:14:17.09 and Patrick is a member of it, 00:14:17.12\00:14:18.69 from all the evidence we have, um, 00:14:18.72\00:14:21.52 and we know that that church actually sent, 00:14:21.56\00:14:23.73 sent Germanus to Britain in 429, and one of his colleagues, 00:14:23.76\00:14:27.96 Palladius, is believed to have gone to Ireland. 00:14:27.96\00:14:30.80 Um, but he seems to have minimal impact. 00:14:30.83\00:14:33.10 But that's the church that they're part of. 00:14:33.13\00:14:34.74 But it's really the inheritance of the primitive church 00:14:34.77\00:14:37.64 of Christ's day. 00:14:37.67\00:14:39.21 Um, if we say the Catholic Church, 00:14:39.24\00:14:41.98 then people think of St. Peter's, 00:14:42.01\00:14:43.95 and a whole series of things 00:14:43.98\00:14:46.55 which just don't exist in the 5th century. 00:14:46.58\00:14:50.02 So to, you know, the danger of saying that he's 00:14:50.05\00:14:53.29 a Roman Catholic missionary, it's true in one sense, 00:14:53.32\00:14:56.66 but it's not true in another, 00:14:56.69\00:14:58.66 because there--it's, it--there just isn't a church, like, 00:14:58.69\00:15:02.86 called the Roman Catholic Church. 00:15:02.90\00:15:04.20 There is the one church, which is called "Catholic" 00:15:04.23\00:15:08.10 at the time to distinguish it from Arians, 00:15:08.14\00:15:10.24 uh, who don't believe in the full divinity of Christ. 00:15:10.27\00:15:13.58 That's what "Catholic" means in the 5th century; 00:15:13.61\00:15:16.34 it means somebody who is an orthodox Christian 00:15:16.38\00:15:18.91 on the Trinity. 00:15:18.95\00:15:20.15 And Patrick is definitely that. 00:15:20.18\00:15:23.22 So what we know about Patrick comes largely from his writings. 00:15:23.25\00:15:29.69 There are stories, 00:15:29.72\00:15:30.83 but most of them were written down in the 7th century, 00:15:30.86\00:15:33.56 so, 200 years after he died. 00:15:33.60\00:15:35.46 So there's probably some grains of truth left in them, 00:15:35.50\00:15:39.97 but a lot of exaggeration. 00:15:40.00\00:15:42.17 To judge from his own writings, he's a relatively simple, 00:15:42.20\00:15:45.61 uh, Christian. 00:15:45.64\00:15:46.57 His theology is, is relatively simplistic. 00:15:46.61\00:15:50.01 And that's not a criticism--far from it. 00:15:50.05\00:15:52.71 Uh, he's definitely trinitarian; he believes very strongly, 00:15:52.75\00:15:56.75 uh, in God the Father, God the Son, and the Holy Spirit, 00:15:56.79\00:15:59.72 and he's very focused on Christ. 00:15:59.75\00:16:01.22 But he has a simple message, 00:16:01.26\00:16:02.39 and he has a burning passion for the people of Ireland, 00:16:02.42\00:16:05.99 who had enslaved him as a youth. 00:16:06.03\00:16:08.93 But even after he was free, he recognized, 00:16:08.96\00:16:10.93 these people are lost in superstition 00:16:10.97\00:16:13.64 and I have good news for them. 00:16:13.67\00:16:15.17 ¤[Music]¤ 00:16:15.20\00:16:16.37 A century after Patrick, 00:16:16.40\00:16:18.27 the church of Rome launched an attack 00:16:18.31\00:16:20.24 on the Celtic communities of Western Europe, 00:16:20.28\00:16:23.38 because the Irish customs of the Celtic church were at odds 00:16:23.41\00:16:26.68 with the customs sanctioned by the Bishop of Rome, 00:16:26.72\00:16:29.38 who by now had become a very powerful figure. 00:16:29.42\00:16:32.32 But Patrick wasn't the only one 00:16:32.35\00:16:34.66 who was reaching the world with the gospel. 00:16:34.69\00:16:37.26 After Patrick, there was Aidan, 00:16:37.29\00:16:39.79 who as a missionary went to England 00:16:39.83\00:16:41.86 and reached not only the high nobility, 00:16:41.90\00:16:44.70 but also children and slaves. 00:16:44.73\00:16:46.53 And he traveled extensively. 00:16:46.57\00:16:48.57 Like Patrick, 00:16:48.60\00:16:49.57 he wasn't affiliated with the Roman church. 00:16:49.60\00:16:52.71 Aidan established a cathedral 00:16:52.74\00:16:54.64 off the northeastern coast of England 00:16:54.68\00:16:56.34 on the island of Lindisfarne, 00:16:56.38\00:16:58.51 and from there he was greatly influential in reaching 00:16:58.55\00:17:01.88 great numbers of people for Christ, 00:17:01.92\00:17:03.45 especially in the region of Northumbria. 00:17:03.49\00:17:07.36 And there was another who reached 00:17:07.39\00:17:09.72 not only the British Isles, 00:17:09.76\00:17:11.36 but who impacted the world with the message of the gospel. 00:17:11.39\00:17:16.00 He was from this island of Ireland, 00:17:16.03\00:17:18.47 and I'll tell you who he was in just a moment. 00:17:18.50\00:17:21.37 ¤[Music]¤ 00:17:21.40\00:17:25.57 >>Announcer: Planning for your financial future 00:17:29.04\00:17:30.71 is a vital aspect of Christian stewardship. 00:17:30.75\00:17:34.55 For this reason, It Is Written is pleased to offer 00:17:34.58\00:17:37.32 free planned giving and estate services. 00:17:37.35\00:17:40.19 For information on how we can help you, 00:17:40.22\00:17:42.49 please call 800-992-2219 00:17:42.52\00:17:47.23 Call today, or visit our website, 00:17:47.23\00:17:49.46 HisLegacy.com 00:17:49.50\00:17:51.70 Call 800-992-2219 00:17:51.73\00:17:56.44 >>John Bradshaw: Today I'd like to ask you to help It Is Written 00:18:02.21\00:18:04.55 open the eyes of the blind. 00:18:04.58\00:18:07.05 India has more blind people than any country on earth. 00:18:07.08\00:18:10.19 But simple cataract surgery can make the difference 00:18:10.22\00:18:12.79 between seeing and not seeing for many people. 00:18:12.82\00:18:16.66 Eyes for India is a project that's providing 00:18:16.69\00:18:18.99 cataract surgery for people in desperate need 00:18:19.03\00:18:21.73 of the gift of sight. 00:18:21.76\00:18:23.40 Please help today. 00:18:23.43\00:18:24.63 Call 800-253-3000 00:18:24.67\00:18:28.30 Eyes for India and It Is Written are doing the work of Jesus 00:18:28.34\00:18:31.94 in opening the eyes of the blind and opening hearts 00:18:31.97\00:18:35.64 to the love of God. 00:18:35.68\00:18:37.35 You can also donate online at ItIsWritten.com. 00:18:37.38\00:18:41.58 Please call 800-253-3000 00:18:41.62\00:18:45.05 or write to P O Box 6, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37401. 00:18:45.09\00:18:50.96 Or visit ItIsWritten.com 00:18:50.99\00:18:57.00 ¤[Irish music]¤ 00:18:57.30\00:19:05.84 >>John: Thanks for joining me on It Is Written. 00:19:05.87\00:19:08.64 Right here on this very spot in Belfast, Ireland, 00:19:08.68\00:19:11.75 there was a hive of activity a little over 100 years ago. 00:19:11.78\00:19:15.55 Right here is where the Titanic was built. 00:19:15.58\00:19:18.75 Not only the Titanic, but its sister ships, 00:19:18.79\00:19:20.89 the Olympic and the Britannic. 00:19:20.92\00:19:23.19 Thousands of workers labored on this very spot. 00:19:23.22\00:19:26.16 What happened here then dominated not only this city, 00:19:26.19\00:19:29.80 but went on to impact the world. 00:19:29.83\00:19:32.80 Somebody else labored here in Ireland 00:19:32.83\00:19:35.17 whose work impacted the world, 00:19:35.20\00:19:37.04 and that was Patrick. 00:19:37.07\00:19:38.84 Patrick was a dynamic Christian missionary, 00:19:38.87\00:19:41.88 and from Ireland his influence spread to impact Christians 00:19:41.91\00:19:46.05 and Christianity all around the world. 00:19:46.08\00:19:49.28 In the time of Patrick, the church was dominated 00:19:49.32\00:19:51.99 by the popes of Rome, 00:19:52.02\00:19:53.76 and they were not too keen with what Patrick was doing. 00:19:53.79\00:19:56.79 They saw it as a direct threat against their authority, 00:19:56.83\00:19:59.89 and they were committed to getting rid 00:19:59.93\00:20:01.23 of the distinctive Irish religious practices. 00:20:01.26\00:20:05.03 But it wasn't only Patrick that impacted the world 00:20:05.07\00:20:08.10 in those days. 00:20:08.14\00:20:09.24 Aidan was an Irish missionary who traveled to England 00:20:09.27\00:20:13.27 and won many there to faith in Christ. 00:20:13.31\00:20:16.61 He was sent from the remote Scottish island of Iona, 00:20:16.64\00:20:20.72 where a missionary training center 00:20:20.75\00:20:22.25 had been established by another Irish evangelist, 00:20:22.28\00:20:25.95 a man by the name of Columba. 00:20:25.99\00:20:29.16 Today, Columba is remembered 00:20:29.19\00:20:30.73 as one of the three chief saints of Ireland, 00:20:30.76\00:20:33.80 along with Patrick and Brigid of Kildare. 00:20:33.83\00:20:37.27 He was born in Donegal, in the northwest of Ireland, 00:20:37.30\00:20:40.44 in the year 521. 00:20:40.47\00:20:42.97 When he was about 40 years old, 00:20:43.00\00:20:44.47 he set off with several others to evangelize the Picts. 00:20:44.51\00:20:48.64 He traveled 100 miles to Iona and built a monastery, 00:20:48.68\00:20:53.52 not as a retreat, but as a missionary training center. 00:20:53.55\00:20:57.59 The Venerable Bede, the influential writer and scholar, 00:20:57.62\00:21:01.26 said that Columba “converted the nation to the faith of Christ, 00:21:01.29\00:21:05.26 by preaching and example.” 00:21:05.29\00:21:08.06 As well as being an evangelist and a missionary, 00:21:08.10\00:21:10.03 there was something else that set Columba apart. 00:21:10.07\00:21:13.27 In contrast with the church of Rome, 00:21:13.30\00:21:16.14 he observed the Sabbath on Saturday, 00:21:16.17\00:21:18.84 the seventh day of the week. 00:21:18.87\00:21:20.94 There's no evidence he ever kept Sunday as the Sabbath. 00:21:20.98\00:21:24.85 Dr. Leslie Hardinge examined every primary source connected 00:21:24.88\00:21:28.22 with the Celtic church, 00:21:28.25\00:21:29.88 and confirmed this Celtic Sabbath connection. 00:21:29.92\00:21:33.66 Just before he died, Columba said, 00:21:33.69\00:21:36.26 “This day is called in the sacred books 'Sabbath,' 00:21:36.29\00:21:40.43 which is interpreted 'rest.' 00:21:40.46\00:21:42.16 And truly this day is for me a Sabbath, 00:21:42.20\00:21:46.30 because it is my last day of this present laborious life. 00:21:46.33\00:21:50.47 In it after my toilsome labors I keep Sabbath. 00:21:50.51\00:21:55.78 One historian wrote, 00:21:55.81\00:21:57.48 “We find traces in the early monastic churches of Ireland 00:21:57.51\00:22:01.18 that they held Saturday to be the Sabbath 00:22:01.22\00:22:03.95 on which they rested from all their labors.” 00:22:03.99\00:22:08.26 Later, in the 11th century, Queen Margaret of Scotland 00:22:08.29\00:22:11.73 said this about Scottish Christians. 00:22:11.76\00:22:13.96 She said, “They work on Sunday, 00:22:14.00\00:22:16.16 but they keep Saturday after a sabbatical manner.” 00:22:16.20\00:22:20.07 But Queen Margaret, 00:22:20.10\00:22:21.04 later Saint Margaret in the Catholic Church, 00:22:21.07\00:22:23.57 was committed to eradicating Sabbath worship 00:22:23.61\00:22:27.08 and replacing it instead with worship on Sunday. 00:22:27.11\00:22:30.81 The Roman emperor Constantine, 00:22:30.85\00:22:32.75 who was a pagan sun worshipper 00:22:32.78\00:22:34.82 before his nominal conversion to Christianity, 00:22:34.85\00:22:38.55 was the first to decree Sunday worship, 00:22:38.59\00:22:41.52 and he did it before Patrick's time. 00:22:41.56\00:22:44.03 But the Irish Christians were not bound by Roman decrees. 00:22:44.06\00:22:49.93 One thousand years before the beginning 00:22:49.96\00:22:52.03 of the Protestant Reformation, Patrick was a nonconformist. 00:22:52.07\00:22:56.27 Before there was a reformation, 00:22:56.30\00:22:58.17 Patrick was a Protestant. 00:22:58.21\00:23:02.04 In this way, the Celtic church formed part 00:23:02.08\00:23:05.01 of what the Bible refers to as the “church in the wilderness” 00:23:05.05\00:23:08.25 during the Middle Ages. 00:23:08.28\00:23:10.05 John wrote about this time of exile for Christian believers. 00:23:10.09\00:23:13.02 He said in Revelation 12 and verse 6, 00:23:13.05\00:23:15.82 “And the woman”-- that's the church-- 00:23:15.86\00:23:17.79 “fled into the wilderness, 00:23:17.83\00:23:19.46 where she has a place prepared by God.” 00:23:19.49\00:23:22.70 The Albigenses of southern France, 00:23:22.73\00:23:24.60 the Waldenses of Italy and the Alps, 00:23:24.63\00:23:26.70 and others like them, 00:23:26.74\00:23:28.24 chose to base their faith on the Bible, 00:23:28.27\00:23:30.71 rather than lining up behind a church that was placing 00:23:30.74\00:23:33.04 such a strong emphasis on tradition. 00:23:33.07\00:23:35.54 They kept the torch of Christian faith shining brightly in an era 00:23:35.58\00:23:39.78 of what was some pretty considerable spiritual darkness. 00:23:39.81\00:23:43.05 ¤[Music]¤ 00:23:43.08\00:23:47.02 Unfortunately, the Christians of Ireland and Scotland 00:23:47.06\00:23:50.66 didn't maintain their religious freedom indefinitely. 00:23:50.69\00:23:54.23 In time, new rulers came to power in both countries 00:23:54.30\00:23:57.73 who submitted the practices of both church and state 00:23:57.77\00:24:00.70 to the rule of the Catholic Church. 00:24:00.74\00:24:03.77 But the legacy of the Celtic church, 00:24:03.81\00:24:06.01 and Patrick in particular, was destined to live on. 00:24:06.04\00:24:10.71 The spirit of independence from Rome 00:24:10.75\00:24:13.15 was nurtured by the original British church. 00:24:13.18\00:24:16.58 Submission to rules of any sort on the European continent, 00:24:16.62\00:24:19.49 ecclesiastical or political, 00:24:19.52\00:24:21.62 didn't come easy to the British or the Irish. 00:24:21.66\00:24:23.43 ¤[bagpipes]¤ 00:24:23.46\00:24:24.53 When King Henry VIII 00:24:24.56\00:24:26.16 declared England free from the Roman church 00:24:26.19\00:24:28.93 and established the Church of England, or the Anglican Church, 00:24:28.96\00:24:32.83 he was simply enshrining in law what in millions of English 00:24:32.87\00:24:36.54 minds had been true for centuries. 00:24:36.57\00:24:39.37 Speaking prophetically of this time, the prophet Daniel wrote 00:24:39.41\00:24:42.04 in Daniel 11:32 and 33, 00:24:42.08\00:24:44.48 “The people who know their God shall be strong 00:24:44.51\00:24:47.38 and carry out great exploits. 00:24:47.42\00:24:49.85 And those of the people that understand shall instruct many.” 00:24:49.88\00:24:53.72 This is the true legacy of Patrick, 00:24:53.76\00:24:55.62 and of the Celtic church, 00:24:55.66\00:24:57.93 and those heroes of faith who held the true gospel 00:24:57.96\00:25:02.10 in the centuries prior to the Reformation. 00:25:02.13\00:25:05.10 Without this gospel seed having been sown 00:25:05.13\00:25:07.80 and scattered by Patrick and others, 00:25:07.84\00:25:10.44 the Reformation might never have happened. 00:25:10.47\00:25:14.38 It's said that Patrick died on March the 17th 00:25:14.41\00:25:17.51 in the year 461 A.D., 00:25:17.55\00:25:19.91 and that he's buried right here outside Down Cathedral in 00:25:19.95\00:25:25.99 Downpatrick in northern Ireland, 00:25:26.02\00:25:28.59 alongside Brigid and Columba, 00:25:28.62\00:25:31.53 two other giants of Irish history. 00:25:31.56\00:25:34.73 The legend of Patrick lives on here. 00:25:34.73\00:25:37.53 The truth of his life is even more impressive than the legend. 00:25:37.57\00:25:41.84 ¤[Music]¤ 00:25:41.87\00:25:46.44 >>John: I'm John Bradshaw from It Is Written, 00:25:46.47\00:25:49.31 inviting you to join me for "500," 00:25:49.34\00:25:52.98 nine programs produced by It Is Written 00:25:53.01\00:25:55.25 taking you deep into the Reformation. 00:25:55.28\00:25:58.42 This is the 500th anniversary of the beginning 00:25:58.45\00:26:01.52 of the Reformation, 00:26:01.56\00:26:02.59 when Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the door 00:26:02.62\00:26:05.59 of the Castle church in Wittenburg, Germany. 00:26:05.63\00:26:08.00 We'll take you to Wittenburg, and to Belgium, 00:26:08.03\00:26:10.20 to England, to Ireland, 00:26:10.23\00:26:12.60 to Rome, to the Vatican City, 00:26:12.63\00:26:14.74 and introduce you to the people who created the Reformation, 00:26:14.77\00:26:17.71 who pushed the Reformation forward. 00:26:17.74\00:26:19.71 We'll take you to sites all throughout Europe 00:26:19.74\00:26:21.64 where the reformers lived and, in some cases, died. 00:26:21.68\00:26:24.51 We'll bring you back to the United States 00:26:24.55\00:26:26.15 and take you to a little farm in upstate New York, 00:26:26.18\00:26:29.18 and show you how God spread the Reformation here. 00:26:29.22\00:26:32.12 Don't miss "500." 00:26:32.15\00:26:34.12 You can own the "500" series on DVD. 00:26:34.16\00:26:37.09 Call us on 888-664-5573 00:26:37.13\00:26:41.80 Or visit us online at itiswritten.shop 00:26:41.83\00:26:46.67 >>John: Let's pray together. 00:26:47.84\00:26:49.54 Our Father in heaven, 00:26:49.57\00:26:50.94 I thank You today for giant figures of history 00:26:50.97\00:26:54.01 who changed the world for Your glory. 00:26:54.04\00:26:57.18 People like Patrick and Aiden and Columba, 00:26:57.21\00:27:01.12 who shared the Bible with people, 00:27:01.15\00:27:03.02 and urged them to know Jesus as their personal Savior. 00:27:03.05\00:27:06.92 I pray today for us here, now, 00:27:06.96\00:27:09.99 I pray that we, too, would hear the voice of Jesus. 00:27:10.03\00:27:12.89 I pray for that one who is joining me in prayer right now 00:27:12.93\00:27:16.97 who knows that she or he must give 00:27:17.00\00:27:18.97 her or his heart to Jesus Christ now. 00:27:19.00\00:27:21.57 Friend, would you do that? 00:27:21.60\00:27:23.27 Would you reach out to Jesus, 00:27:23.30\00:27:24.41 knowing that He's reaching out to you, 00:27:24.44\00:27:26.41 and claim Him as your righteousness 00:27:26.44\00:27:28.44 and as your Lord and Savior? 00:27:28.48\00:27:31.41 Father, we thank You today for the Scriptures, 00:27:31.45\00:27:33.92 we thank You for Your Word and for Jesus the "Word made flesh." 00:27:33.95\00:27:39.05 And we pray with faith and thanks, 00:27:39.09\00:27:41.79 In Jesus's name, 00:27:41.82\00:27:43.79 Amen. 00:27:43.83\00:27:45.46 Thanks so much for joining me. 00:27:45.49\00:27:46.83 I'm looking forward to seeing you again next time. 00:27:46.86\00:27:49.36 Until then, remember: 00:27:49.40\00:27:51.27 "It is written, 00:27:51.30\00:27:52.73 'Man shall not live by bread alone, 00:27:52.77\00:27:55.30 but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.'" 00:27:55.34\00:27:58.77 ¤[Theme music]¤ 00:27:58.81\00:28:13.89