¤[Theme music]¤
00:01:30.09\00:01:40.13
¤[Theme music]¤
00:01:40.13\00:01:47.17
>>John Bradshaw:
This is It Is Written.
00:01:49.37\00:01:51.24
I'm John Bradshaw.
Thanks for joining me.
00:01:51.27\00:01:54.48
As you read the Bible,
you read some of the great
00:01:54.51\00:01:57.01
stories of all of history.
00:01:57.05\00:01:59.61
Accounts that God has placed
into the Bible for us to learn
00:01:59.65\00:02:03.42
not only their history, but
to understand the heart of God,
00:02:03.45\00:02:06.29
the love of God, and
the plan of salvation.
00:02:06.32\00:02:08.96
And as we read the
Bible, we read simply some
00:02:08.99\00:02:12.59
mundane information
about everyday life.
00:02:12.63\00:02:15.16
But, rightly understood,
that mundane information
00:02:15.20\00:02:18.63
shines a bright light onto
the lives of Bible characters,
00:02:18.67\00:02:22.80
the culture and the environments
from which they sprang,
00:02:22.84\00:02:25.87
and help us
understand in greater depth
00:02:25.91\00:02:29.24
the great themes of the Bible.
00:02:29.28\00:02:30.95
Well, today to that
end, I have come to the
00:02:30.98\00:02:32.45
Lynn H. Wood
Archaeological Museum
00:02:32.48\00:02:35.22
on the campus of
Southern Adventist University,
00:02:35.25\00:02:37.19
and my special guest
today is Dr. Michael Hasel,
00:02:37.22\00:02:39.65
a professor of Near
Eastern studies and archaeology.
00:02:39.69\00:02:42.82
Dr. Hasel, thanks
for joining me today.
00:02:42.86\00:02:44.56
>>Michael Hasel: It's
great to be with you, John.
00:02:44.59\00:02:45.89
>>John: Now, I don't
mean to be disparaging.
00:02:45.93\00:02:47.00
And I talk about mundane
details about everyday life.
00:02:47.03\00:02:50.03
But we read about
people who were shepherds.
00:02:50.07\00:02:53.17
They herded sheep.
00:02:53.20\00:02:54.54
We read about people who were
00:02:54.57\00:02:56.44
farmers;
perhaps they grew crops.
00:02:56.47\00:02:59.61
What about some
of these details can
00:02:59.64\00:03:02.61
help us really understand
the Bible in a greater way,
00:03:02.64\00:03:06.31
and in a way that
grows our faith in the Bible?
00:03:06.35\00:03:08.85
>>Michael: Well to me
this is what makes archaeology
00:03:08.88\00:03:11.65
such a relevant
thing for the Bible.
00:03:11.69\00:03:13.36
We have these 66
books of the Bible
00:03:13.39\00:03:15.79
that give us this
grand scope of history
00:03:15.82\00:03:17.99
going through from the
beginning of Earth's history
00:03:18.03\00:03:20.40
all the way to the end.
00:03:20.43\00:03:22.16
And yet, many times the details:
00:03:22.20\00:03:24.50
the details of how
people lived, what they ate,
00:03:24.53\00:03:27.17
how they prepared their food,
00:03:27.20\00:03:28.47
what kind of
houses they lived in,
00:03:28.50\00:03:29.90
all of those kinds of
things, are mentioned in passing
00:03:29.94\00:03:32.64
but they're not
really the main focus of what
00:03:32.67\00:03:34.68
the Bible writers
are interested in.
00:03:34.71\00:03:36.85
One of the things that we
have to remind ourselves is:
00:03:36.88\00:03:38.78
they lived in a very
different kind of world
00:03:38.81\00:03:40.98
than many of us do, at
least in the western world.
00:03:41.02\00:03:42.92
They were, they
were agricultural people.
00:03:42.95\00:03:45.42
Agriculture was a major
part of, of their way of life.
00:03:45.45\00:03:48.26
>>John: Let me ask you something
about the, the, the signs,
00:03:48.29\00:03:50.66
the discipline of archaeology.
You're an archaeologist.
00:03:50.69\00:03:53.83
You, you dig in Israel,
you've dug in other places,
00:03:53.86\00:03:56.46
um, I'd like to think
that most of your work is, is
00:03:56.50\00:04:02.84
unearthing temples,
gates, great streets, cities,
00:04:02.87\00:04:10.11
but I think the
reality for archaeologists
00:04:10.15\00:04:13.08
is that a lot of the time you're
finding scraps of pottery,
00:04:13.11\00:04:16.85
and what sort of things
might you find in the field
00:04:16.89\00:04:21.66
that somebody like me wouldn't
realize is actually of great use
00:04:21.69\00:04:25.16
to an
archaeologist? >>Michael: Right.
00:04:25.19\00:04:26.49
>>John: What would
some of those things be?
00:04:26.53\00:04:27.83
>>Michael: Well, we
find, we find, like you said,
00:04:27.86\00:04:29.30
we do find
temples. We do find palaces.
00:04:29.33\00:04:31.13
Those are always the highlights.
Whenever we find a big building,
00:04:31.17\00:04:34.14
it's, it's, it's a great thing.
00:04:34.17\00:04:35.40
But we're also interested
in household archaeology;
00:04:35.44\00:04:37.97
how people lived in
their everyday lives.
00:04:38.01\00:04:40.48
And, and we
excavate those houses.
00:04:40.51\00:04:42.14
In the last several
years I've been working
00:04:42.18\00:04:43.61
at a site called
Lachish, or Lachish,
00:04:43.65\00:04:45.85
and we have been
digging a row of houses
00:04:45.88\00:04:48.05
right next to the palace, or the
major uh, building of that time.
00:04:48.08\00:04:52.32
And, and, and the
materials that we find in there
00:04:52.35\00:04:54.89
give us an insight
into how people lived.
00:04:54.92\00:04:56.56
Let me give you a
couple of examples.
00:04:56.59\00:04:57.93
>>John: Sure.
00:04:57.96\00:04:59.33
>>Michael: Um,
00:04:59.36\00:05:02.26
this is a very heavy, I'll
let you hold it in a minute,
00:05:02.30\00:05:05.73
a very heavy piece of
basalt. This is a volcanic rock.
00:05:05.77\00:05:08.54
It comes, actually, from
the northern part of Israel,
00:05:08.57\00:05:10.61
um, up near the Sea of Galilee,
which was a very volcanic area.
00:05:10.64\00:05:15.51
And this was what the
ancients used, this heavy rock
00:05:15.54\00:05:19.11
with the coarse area, to,
um, to grind their grain with.
00:05:19.15\00:05:24.19
And so, you know, you,
you have a, you have uh,
00:05:24.22\00:05:27.59
an under part here, and
you're moving back and forth,
00:05:27.62\00:05:31.09
and this is what you
use to make your flour
00:05:31.13\00:05:33.09
so that you can make
your bread every day.
00:05:33.13\00:05:35.53
Um, just feel
the weight of that.
00:05:35.56\00:05:37.10
This is, this
is not something...
00:05:37.13\00:05:38.47
>>John: Oh, yeah.
Yeah, that's real heavy.
00:05:38.50\00:05:39.97
>>Michael:
...that, that's light.
00:05:40.00\00:05:41.30
But because of
the porous nature,
00:05:41.34\00:05:42.64
it really allows the
grinding of those grains down to
00:05:42.67\00:05:47.04
something that,
that can be edible
00:05:47.08\00:05:48.98
and can be put into bread.
00:05:49.01\00:05:50.48
>>John: So let me
ask you a question.
00:05:50.51\00:05:51.81
This seems to answer
the question, well, really,
00:05:51.85\00:05:53.78
this, this is an
everyday stuff of life...
00:05:53.82\00:05:56.38
>>Michael: Right.
00:05:56.42\00:05:57.85
>>John: item
that you might find.
00:05:57.89\00:05:59.09
How do you know that
that's what this was used for?
00:05:59.12\00:06:01.06
>>Michael: Well, you, you know
this because of the shape of it.
00:06:01.09\00:06:03.66
It's been shaped,
it's been, it's been carved
00:06:03.69\00:06:05.99
so that it nicely fits
into a human hand like this.
00:06:06.03\00:06:08.90
And then you can
see the bottom of it,
00:06:08.93\00:06:11.03
is, is often very smooth from,
00:06:11.07\00:06:13.17
from that grinding that
has taken place over time.
00:06:13.20\00:06:15.84
You see a rock like this and you
know this is, this is manmade.
00:06:15.87\00:06:18.57
This is something that
they've taken and shaped.
00:06:18.61\00:06:20.88
And that's when a
rock, for an archaeologist,
00:06:20.91\00:06:22.94
becomes an
artifact... >>John: Right.
00:06:22.98\00:06:24.28
>>Michael: before that time.
00:06:24.31\00:06:25.38
It's simply a rock,
and geologists study those.
00:06:25.41\00:06:28.42
But, but as soon
as you have something
00:06:28.45\00:06:30.12
that's been formed by
human hands and used as a tool,
00:06:30.15\00:06:32.99
which this was,
00:06:33.02\00:06:34.29
then it's something
much more significant.
00:06:34.32\00:06:35.99
>>John: In endeavoring
to understand the culture,
00:06:36.02\00:06:37.49
the life and the times of the
people who lived way back then,
00:06:37.53\00:06:40.10
it seems to me that,
00:06:40.13\00:06:41.36
almost anything
you find is valuable.
00:06:41.40\00:06:43.23
I know that we've
had discussions before
00:06:43.26\00:06:44.63
and you've talked
about how, how, how bones
00:06:44.67\00:06:47.37
that have been found,
just bones, discarded bones,
00:06:47.40\00:06:50.51
told a lot and gave
a lot of information...
00:06:50.54\00:06:53.21
>>Michael: Absolutely.
00:06:53.24\00:06:54.04
>>John: ...that
became very useful.
00:06:54.08\00:06:55.18
>>Michael: Every bit of
information that we can gather,
00:06:55.21\00:06:57.05
much of it is left
behind, much of it is garbage
00:06:57.08\00:06:59.65
or things that
people didn't want anymore.
00:06:59.68\00:07:02.02
But they all give us a
glimpse into what people did,
00:07:02.05\00:07:04.62
how they lived back then.
00:07:04.65\00:07:06.15
The bones can give us
information about the diet
00:07:06.19\00:07:09.09
of the ancients, uh, what
kind of things they ate. Um.
00:07:09.12\00:07:12.66
>>John: And
therefore who they were.
00:07:12.69\00:07:14.10
>>Michael: And who they
were, exactly, because..
00:07:14.13\00:07:16.10
>>John: Jews would
leave different bones behind
00:07:16.13\00:07:17.20
than non-Jews, for instance.
>>Michael: That's right.
00:07:17.23\00:07:18.47
We've, we've dug at a number of
Judean sites where we have found
00:07:18.50\00:07:21.20
not a single pig bone
after digging for seven seasons,
00:07:21.24\00:07:24.11
and, and digging 30
percent of the site.
00:07:24.14\00:07:26.24
Whereas the
Philistines had 15 to 30 percent
00:07:26.27\00:07:28.91
of the remains that are found at
Philistine sites are pig bones.
00:07:28.94\00:07:31.48
We also know today that
the pigs that are in Israel,
00:07:31.51\00:07:34.12
there have been studies
done of these ancient pigs,
00:07:34.15\00:07:37.32
and they're, they're species
that they were coming from
00:07:37.35\00:07:40.26
Europe, and that fits
very well with the Philistines,
00:07:40.29\00:07:43.43
who are also coming from
Greece and from that area.
00:07:43.46\00:07:45.46
So they were introduced, not by
the Israelites, not by locals,
00:07:45.49\00:07:49.20
but they were
brought from the outside in.
00:07:49.23\00:07:50.93
>>John: Now, is
there a story in the Bible
00:07:50.97\00:07:53.37
you think'd be great to look at?
00:07:53.40\00:07:55.10
Maybe it continues
something relatively everyday,
00:07:55.14\00:07:59.44
sort of mundane, but, but,
00:07:59.47\00:08:02.18
in archaeology we've been
able to learn more about these
00:08:02.21\00:08:06.01
cultural practices
that shine a light on,
00:08:06.05\00:08:08.38
our understanding
of the Word of God.
00:08:08.42\00:08:09.72
Where would we begin?
00:08:09.75\00:08:10.95
>>Michael: Well, there's many,
many places we could go to,
00:08:10.99\00:08:12.95
but as I think
about rural lifestyle
00:08:12.99\00:08:14.99
and especially
agricultural lifestyle,
00:08:15.02\00:08:16.66
I can't help about, think about
the story of Ruth and Boaz,
00:08:16.69\00:08:20.63
>>John: Ok.
00:08:20.66\00:08:21.80
>>Michael: and, uh, that,
that great little book of Ruth
00:08:21.83\00:08:23.47
that's found, um,
in the Old Testament
00:08:23.50\00:08:26.63
is a, is a, is a
glimpse into the ancient world
00:08:26.67\00:08:29.94
and the period of the Judges,
00:08:29.97\00:08:31.67
and it gives us an understanding
of what life was like.
00:08:31.71\00:08:34.24
Now, the setting is
the city of Bethlehem,
00:08:34.28\00:08:37.28
the town of Bethlehem.
00:08:37.31\00:08:38.78
It's the same place, uh, that,
that David would later be born.
00:08:38.81\00:08:42.42
In fact, Ruth is
David's great-grandmother.
00:08:42.45\00:08:45.69
And then later on, of
course, this is where Jesus
00:08:45.72\00:08:48.42
would be born as well.
So this, that's the setting,
00:08:48.46\00:08:50.79
and it's still a
rural community today.
00:08:50.83\00:08:52.49
You can still see the shepherds
00:08:52.53\00:08:54.20
out in the fields
with their flocks, and
00:08:54.20\00:08:56.10
you can still see agriculture
taking place there today.
00:08:56.13\00:08:58.57
>>John: Ruth, chapter 2, I'm
going to read a little passage.
00:08:58.60\00:09:03.87
See if you can comment on this.
00:09:03.91\00:09:05.51
>>Michael: Sure.
00:09:05.54\00:09:06.47
>>John: Part of the
book of Ruth, you know,
00:09:06.51\00:09:07.64
for those of us who have
been raised in a modern world
00:09:07.68\00:09:10.05
and we've been
raised in cities and so on,
00:09:10.08\00:09:12.01
it, it, it's hard to
even make it compute.
00:09:12.05\00:09:14.72
You really must
try to understand
00:09:14.75\00:09:16.82
the cultural
milieu. >>Michael: Sure.
00:09:16.85\00:09:18.59
>>John: So let me read this.
00:09:18.62\00:09:19.49
Ruth, chapter 2,
starting in verse 2.
00:09:19.52\00:09:20.99
"Ruth the
Moabitess said unto Naomi,
00:09:21.02\00:09:24.23
'Let me go now to the
field, and glean ears of corn
00:09:24.26\00:09:27.30
after him in whose
sight I shall find grace.'
00:09:27.30\00:09:31.03
And she said unto
her; 'Go, my daughter.'
00:09:31.07\00:09:33.00
And she went, and came,
00:09:33.03\00:09:34.04
and gleaned in the
field after the reapers..."
00:09:34.07\00:09:36.84
Now, that's just an
everyday sort of occurrence.
00:09:36.87\00:09:39.57
What does archaeology
help us understand about that?
00:09:39.61\00:09:43.95
>>Michael: Well, I
think to understand the,
00:09:43.98\00:09:47.95
the setting of all of this,
00:09:47.98\00:09:49.28
and to go back to that
setting again, um, we have,
00:09:49.32\00:09:53.19
we have some, some grain here.
00:09:53.22\00:09:57.29
>>John: Now, that's not corn.
00:09:57.33\00:09:58.19
>>Michael: This is not corn, no.
00:09:58.23\00:09:59.36
>>John: And that's because?
00:09:59.39\00:10:00.56
>>Michael: Because the, the
King James version, of course,
00:10:00.60\00:10:03.16
was translated in 1611
in Britain, and Britain,
00:10:03.20\00:10:06.50
the term corn was the generic
term that was used for grain.
00:10:06.53\00:10:10.34
That's, that's,
uh, it, it means grain.
00:10:10.37\00:10:12.34
And if you know the
Hebrew, it simply means grain.
00:10:12.37\00:10:14.94
So they used corn.
00:10:14.98\00:10:16.21
It's not maize, because maize
is a New World product that, uh,
00:10:16.24\00:10:19.45
that comes from the Aztecs
and the Mayans and so forth.
00:10:19.48\00:10:22.52
>>John: So this was wheat.
00:10:22.55\00:10:23.49
>>Michael: So this was wheat.
00:10:23.52\00:10:24.85
Barley and wheat,
00:10:24.89\00:10:25.99
they would, they
would take in the fields.
00:10:26.02\00:10:27.52
And this is how it
grew, as it grows today.
00:10:27.56\00:10:30.26
And, uh, they would, they would
harvest it, they would cut it.
00:10:30.29\00:10:32.99
We find the sickles
still in the field, uh,
00:10:33.03\00:10:35.36
not in the field,
sometimes in the homes.
00:10:35.40\00:10:37.87
The sickles that were used for
this, sometimes they're made uh,
00:10:37.90\00:10:40.94
from actual iron
blades in later periods.
00:10:40.97\00:10:43.57
In earlier periods they were
actually made from stone blades
00:10:43.61\00:10:46.81
that were found in that context.
So they would cut them down,
00:10:46.84\00:10:50.01
and then they would
gather them up like this.
00:10:50.05\00:10:52.18
And then the process at
that point would be to separate,
00:10:52.21\00:10:56.12
of course, the
kernels from everything else,
00:10:56.15\00:10:59.09
and they would then
throw, throw these up in the air
00:10:59.12\00:11:02.16
and allow the chaff,
after, after they, they, uh,
00:11:02.19\00:11:05.29
would go over it
with, with, with a heavy
00:11:05.33\00:11:07.86
uh, piece of, of uh,
wood that had stone in it,
00:11:07.93\00:11:12.40
to kind of
separate all this stuff out.
00:11:12.43\00:11:14.84
They would then
throw it up in the air,
00:11:14.87\00:11:16.17
and the chaff would fly away,
00:11:16.20\00:11:18.24
and the kernels of
grain would drop down,
00:11:18.27\00:11:20.28
and they would have a
nice pile of, of whole kernels,
00:11:20.31\00:11:24.05
that then they would
have to grind into flour.
00:11:24.08\00:11:26.31
>>John: Um, using one of those.
00:11:26.35\00:11:28.12
>>Michael: Using
one of these grinders.
00:11:28.15\00:11:29.65
And I've, I have another
one here I want to show you
00:11:29.68\00:11:31.79
that was found.
>>John: How old is this?
00:11:31.82\00:11:33.12
>>Michael: This is probably
dating to the eighth century.
00:11:33.15\00:11:36.09
Uh, this is the time period
of Isaiah and, um, and Amos,
00:11:36.12\00:11:40.96
who were also, Amos
came from very close by,
00:11:40.96\00:11:43.77
from Tekoa, very
close by to Bethlehem.
00:11:43.80\00:11:47.07
So in this case,
this is a much smaller
00:11:47.10\00:11:49.14
stone that was used to grind.
00:11:49.17\00:11:50.74
Sometimes these smaller,
uh, items were used for,
00:11:50.77\00:11:54.14
not so much for grain, but for
fruits and that kind of thing,
00:11:54.18\00:11:57.45
to, to, uh, to use that.
00:11:57.48\00:11:59.71
And you can see the
beautiful decorations here.
00:11:59.75\00:12:01.72
This is the same material.
It's made out of basalt.
00:12:01.75\00:12:03.59
It's not as coarse
basalt as we had before.
00:12:03.62\00:12:06.49
But it's still the same
material and weighs a lot.
00:12:06.52\00:12:09.22
>>John: And once again,
00:12:09.26\00:12:10.39
archaeology
bringing into clearer focus
00:12:10.43\00:12:12.59
the ordinary lives, the
daily details of those people
00:12:12.63\00:12:15.10
who lived so long ago,
the people of whom we read,
00:12:15.13\00:12:18.03
about whom we
study in the Word of God.
00:12:18.07\00:12:20.90
Real people who
lived real lives.
00:12:20.94\00:12:23.74
Back with more in just a moment.
00:12:23.77\00:12:25.34
¤[Music]¤
00:12:25.37\00:12:31.51
>>John: It's a subject
that is talked about much,
00:12:32.01\00:12:33.78
studied often, and you
want to know what the Bible says
00:12:33.82\00:12:37.25
about the temple in scripture.
00:12:37.29\00:12:39.29
To find out,
receive today's free offer:
00:12:39.32\00:12:41.76
"Rebuilding the Temple."
00:12:41.79\00:12:43.59
Call 800-253-3000.
00:12:43.63\00:12:46.03
Or visit us
online at iiwoffer.com.
00:12:46.06\00:12:50.33
What does the Bible say about
the Temple and its services?
00:12:50.37\00:12:53.80
Get today's free offer:
"Rebuilding the Temple."
00:12:53.84\00:12:55.84
800-253-3000,
00:12:55.87\00:12:57.91
visit us at iiwoffer.com.
00:12:57.94\00:13:01.68
>>Announcer: Have
you ever struggled
00:13:02.04\00:13:02.94
to say no to temptation?
00:13:02.98\00:13:04.58
You're not alone.
00:13:04.61\00:13:06.08
Everybody has at some point.
00:13:06.11\00:13:07.52
But there is hope.
00:13:07.55\00:13:09.58
"Taking a Stand"
00:13:09.62\00:13:10.72
is a five part series presented
by Pastor John Bradshaw
00:13:10.75\00:13:13.19
that will help you win
your spiritual battles.
00:13:13.22\00:13:15.76
To order your copy of
"Taking a Stand" on DVD,
00:13:15.79\00:13:18.56
call 1-888-664-5573,
00:13:18.59\00:13:22.33
or download it
from our web store at
00:13:22.36\00:13:24.30
www.itiswritten.shop.
00:13:24.33\00:13:27.67
Discover
powerful ways you can live
00:13:27.70\00:13:29.40
a victorious Christian life.
00:13:29.44\00:13:31.67
>>John: This is It Is Written.
00:13:31.97\00:13:33.54
I'm John Bradshaw.
Thanks for joining me today.
00:13:33.58\00:13:36.44
Today my guest is Dr.
Michael Hasel, an archaeologist.
00:13:36.48\00:13:39.48
I'm at the Lynn H.
Wood Archaeological Museum
00:13:39.51\00:13:42.68
in Collegedale, Tennessee.
00:13:42.72\00:13:45.09
Dr. Hasel, there's something
I want to ask you about.
00:13:45.12\00:13:46.99
Here in 1 Samuel, chapter 2, I'm
going to read in verse, uh, 19:
00:13:47.02\00:13:51.79
"Moreover, his mother
made him a little coat,
00:13:51.83\00:13:54.93
and brought it to
him from year to year,
00:13:54.96\00:13:56.93
when she came
up with her husband
00:13:56.97\00:13:58.33
to offer the yearly sacrifice."
00:13:58.37\00:14:00.80
So Hannah was making
Samuel a coat every year.
00:14:00.84\00:14:05.31
As he grew, he'd need a new
one. What was involved in that?
00:14:05.34\00:14:09.34
>>Michael: Well, it was, it
was a very involved process,
00:14:09.38\00:14:11.48
very different from
us going to a store today
00:14:11.51\00:14:14.12
and simply buying something,
buying a piece of clothing.
00:14:14.15\00:14:16.52
Uh, we have some
interesting artifacts here.
00:14:16.55\00:14:19.92
The first thing, of
course, that they had to do
00:14:19.95\00:14:22.69
was to get the
wool from a sheep.
00:14:22.72\00:14:25.36
And, um, of course,
00:14:25.39\00:14:27.76
they didn't have to kill the
sheep necessarily to do this.
00:14:27.83\00:14:29.96
They could shear the sheep
and, and, and get the wool,
00:14:30.00\00:14:32.13
uh, in, in, in
different times of the year.
00:14:32.17\00:14:35.00
And they would take
that wool, of course,
00:14:35.04\00:14:37.37
and then once they had the wool,
00:14:37.41\00:14:39.41
they would take an
artifact like this.
00:14:39.44\00:14:42.38
This is a, they
could get any stick,
00:14:42.41\00:14:45.01
and they would put what
is called a spindle whirl
00:14:45.05\00:14:47.45
on the bottom of it.
00:14:47.48\00:14:49.58
Spindle whirl, this
doesn't really fit very well,
00:14:49.62\00:14:52.69
but normally it
would fit very nicely.
00:14:52.72\00:14:54.36
And then they would
spin that spindle whirl.
00:14:54.39\00:14:56.76
That the weight of this
would allow them to spin it
00:14:56.79\00:14:58.79
very nicely around, and they
could take strands of that wool
00:14:58.83\00:15:02.60
and make it into
yarn, or make it into, uh,
00:15:02.63\00:15:07.84
material that they
could use for weaving.
00:15:07.87\00:15:09.60
The next part of that
process, after they were done
00:15:09.64\00:15:13.64
making the strands,
was they would use a loom
00:15:13.68\00:15:16.64
that has, also, loom
weights at the bottom.
00:15:16.68\00:15:19.85
These, uh, would, would,
these weights at the bottom
00:15:19.88\00:15:23.95
would hold down the strands of
cloth in the vertical position,
00:15:23.99\00:15:28.62
and then they would bring the
other cloth across and slowly,
00:15:28.66\00:15:33.60
they would slowly begin
to weave that back and forth.
00:15:33.63\00:15:37.20
And in time this all would
create either a nice new carpet,
00:15:37.23\00:15:43.61
a part of a tent, or, uh in
the case of Samuel, his mother,
00:15:43.64\00:15:48.64
uh, she could
construct a very nice,
00:15:48.68\00:15:50.61
or weave a very nice piece
of clothing for him every year.
00:15:50.65\00:15:53.98
>>John: Now, from an
archaeological perspective,
00:15:54.02\00:15:55.72
I doubt very much that too
many full looms have ever been
00:15:55.75\00:15:58.19
uh, excavated.
00:15:58.22\00:15:59.52
So what do archaeologists
find that talks of this?
00:15:59.55\00:16:02.86
>>Michael: In this, uh,
particular case what we find
00:16:02.89\00:16:06.03
in the heartland of
Israel in not-so-dry regions is,
00:16:06.06\00:16:10.40
uh, we find the
actual loom weights.
00:16:10.43\00:16:13.03
Uh, this last summer we were
excavating a series of houses,
00:16:13.07\00:16:15.77
and we found in
one area, in one house,
00:16:15.80\00:16:18.71
we found 58 of
these loom weights.
00:16:18.74\00:16:21.64
So we knew there was a
loom there at some time.
00:16:21.68\00:16:23.68
We didn't find any cloth.
00:16:23.71\00:16:25.28
The, uh, the wood
of the loom had already
00:16:25.31\00:16:28.15
disintegrated over
the last, uh, it was about
00:16:28.18\00:16:30.95
the, the, the
room dated to 2700 B.C.
00:16:30.99\00:16:34.16
uh, about 2,700
years ago, about 700 B.C.
00:16:34.19\00:16:36.79
And so you have, though, the
remnants of what could survive.
00:16:36.83\00:16:41.03
And these loom weights, uh,
they're made out of, uh, clay,
00:16:41.06\00:16:45.00
they would be baked, uh,
in the destruction debris
00:16:45.03\00:16:48.10
and would be
preserved as a result of that.
00:16:48.14\00:16:49.87
>>John: So who
would have made this?
00:16:49.90\00:16:51.21
Would it have
been Hannah herself?
00:16:51.24\00:16:53.61
Would it have been a servant?
00:16:53.64\00:16:54.71
Who would use a loom like that?
00:16:54.74\00:16:56.31
>>Michael: Well, it probably
would have been Hannah herself
00:16:56.34\00:16:59.65
from the context we
have in the biblical passage.
00:16:59.68\00:17:01.78
But we really
don't know for certain.
00:17:01.82\00:17:03.75
Um, the womenfolk were
normally the ones that would do
00:17:03.79\00:17:06.29
kind of the household
activities of this type.
00:17:06.32\00:17:08.99
And, uh, Hannah very well may
have been the person to do that.
00:17:09.02\00:17:12.89
>>John: Which is
interesting you say the women,
00:17:12.93\00:17:15.00
because then we have
the story of Joseph's coat,
00:17:15.03\00:17:19.23
who it appears, uh,
that was made by his father.
00:17:19.27\00:17:22.70
And he would have used
something much like this.
00:17:22.74\00:17:24.84
>>Michael: Oh, yes,
00:17:24.87\00:17:25.94
he would have used
something very similar to this.
00:17:25.97\00:17:27.58
Of course, Joseph lived about
00:17:27.61\00:17:28.68
700 years before the time
of Samuel, maybe 750 years.
00:17:28.71\00:17:32.81
So again, this is
a, a kind of lifestyle,
00:17:32.85\00:17:37.02
a kind of way of
life that would have gone
00:17:37.05\00:17:39.85
for hundreds of years
through the ancient Near East.
00:17:39.89\00:17:41.92
And it's interesting, with
Joseph, we have uh, we have a
00:17:41.96\00:17:45.36
uh, tomb painting called
the Beni Hasan tomb painting,
00:17:45.39\00:17:48.03
which shows Asiatics
coming to trade in Egypt.
00:17:48.06\00:17:51.60
And they're dressed in,
in, in very colorful clothing,
00:17:51.63\00:17:55.30
which seems to mirror the
kind of clothing that Joseph was
00:17:55.34\00:17:58.74
given by his father. So
it's another one of those
00:17:58.77\00:18:00.91
corroborating facts that
we have from, from history.
00:18:00.94\00:18:03.55
>>John:
Magnificent. Thanks for that.
00:18:03.58\00:18:05.55
The Bible, a living
book, a dynamic book.
00:18:05.58\00:18:08.52
Archaeology bringing to
life the times, the daily lives,
00:18:08.55\00:18:13.36
the personalities
of the Word of God.
00:18:13.39\00:18:16.36
Don't go away.
We'll be back with
00:18:16.39\00:18:17.69
more in just a moment.
00:18:17.73\00:18:19.89
¤[Music]¤
00:18:19.93\00:18:22.03
>>Announcer: In Matthew
4:4, the Word of God says...
00:18:22.06\00:18:24.50
“It is written, ‘Man
shall not live by bread alone,
00:18:24.53\00:18:27.44
but by every word that proceeds
from the mouth of God.'”
00:18:27.47\00:18:31.51
"Every Word" is a one-minute,
Bible-based daily devotional
00:18:31.54\00:18:34.74
presented by
Pastor John Bradshaw,
00:18:34.78\00:18:36.48
and designed especially
for busy people like you.
00:18:36.51\00:18:39.61
Look for Every Word
on selected networks,
00:18:39.65\00:18:42.35
or watch it online
every day on our website,
00:18:42.38\00:18:44.85
ItIsWritten.com.
00:18:44.89\00:18:47.36
Receive a daily spiritual boost.
00:18:47.39\00:18:49.36
Watch "Every Word"
you'll be glad you did.
00:18:49.39\00:18:51.79
Here's a sample.
00:18:51.83\00:18:55.33
¤[Theme music]¤
00:18:55.43\00:19:01.27
One day Jesus was asked
00:19:01.30\00:19:02.90
to heal the desperately ill
servant of a certain centurion.
00:19:02.94\00:19:06.14
Before Jesus got
to the man's house,
00:19:06.17\00:19:07.64
the centurion sent word
telling Jesus not to come.
00:19:07.68\00:19:10.08
He said, "You don't
even need to come here.
00:19:10.11\00:19:12.35
Just say a word, and my
servant shall be healed."
00:19:12.38\00:19:15.52
He explained that
as a man in authority,
00:19:15.55\00:19:17.15
he knew that when he gave
orders, they'd be carried out.
00:19:17.19\00:19:19.75
He said, "I believe
that when You say something,
00:19:19.79\00:19:22.39
Your orders will
be carried out too."
00:19:22.42\00:19:24.59
Jesus was impressed.
00:19:24.63\00:19:25.93
The Bible says He
marveled, and said,
00:19:25.96\00:19:28.20
"I have not found so
great faith, no, not in Israel."
00:19:28.23\00:19:31.23
Luke 7, verse 9.
00:19:31.27\00:19:33.30
The man had total
confidence that if Jesus spoke,
00:19:33.34\00:19:36.17
what He said would happen.
00:19:36.20\00:19:37.01
Now, that's faith.
00:19:37.04\00:19:38.57
Have that sort
of real faith today.
00:19:38.61\00:19:40.84
Believe that when Jesus speaks,
00:19:40.88\00:19:43.45
and He speaks in the Bible,
00:19:43.48\00:19:45.38
you can expect
what He says to happen.
00:19:45.41\00:19:49.02
I'm John Bradshaw
for It Is Written.
00:19:49.05\00:19:51.15
Let's live today by every word.
00:19:51.19\00:19:55.52
¤[Theme music]¤
00:19:57.03\00:20:06.10
>>John: Thanks for joining
me today on It Is Written,
00:20:06.13\00:20:08.40
where my guest is
archaeologist Dr. Michael Hasel.
00:20:08.44\00:20:12.74
Dr. Hasel, today we're
talking about archaeology
00:20:12.77\00:20:15.41
and everyday life in
the times of the Bible.
00:20:15.44\00:20:18.28
And if you'll allow me, there's
a question I want to put to you,
00:20:18.31\00:20:20.55
because this has intrigued me.
00:20:20.58\00:20:22.72
I'll read the
passage; you'll know why.
00:20:22.75\00:20:24.55
2 Kings, chapter 4,
starting in verse 8:
00:20:24.59\00:20:28.16
And it fell on a day,
that Elisha passed to Shunem,
00:20:28.19\00:20:31.79
where was a great woman;
00:20:31.83\00:20:33.53
and she
constrained him to eat bread.
00:20:33.56\00:20:35.36
And so it was, that
as oft as he passed by,
00:20:35.40\00:20:38.00
he turned in there to eat bread.
00:20:38.03\00:20:40.07
And she said to her husband,
00:20:40.10\00:20:42.07
Behold now, I percieve
that this is an holy man of God,
00:20:42.10\00:20:44.51
which passes us by continually.
00:20:44.54\00:20:46.64
Let us make a little chamber,
I pray thee, on the wall;
00:20:46.68\00:20:50.38
and let us set him there a
bed, and a table, and a stool,
00:20:50.41\00:20:52.75
and a candlestick: and it
shall be, when he comes to us,
00:20:52.78\00:20:55.72
that he shall turn in there.
00:20:55.75\00:20:57.09
What were houses like back then
00:20:57.12\00:20:59.49
that this family could
just decide to make him
00:20:59.52\00:21:02.32
a chamber whether
that's a room or a lean-to,
00:21:02.36\00:21:05.63
I don't quite know.
00:21:05.66\00:21:07.23
Tell me about
what houses were like
00:21:07.30\00:21:09.03
back in the
time of the prophets.
00:21:09.06\00:21:11.70
>>Michael: It's
very interesting.
00:21:11.73\00:21:13.27
The way houses were
built is a very typical style
00:21:13.30\00:21:17.17
for Israelites.
00:21:17.21\00:21:18.51
It's, uh, it's a
different style than you have
00:21:18.54\00:21:20.78
in other surrounding cultures.
00:21:20.81\00:21:22.21
It's not a Canaanite house;
it's not an Egyptian house;
00:21:22.24\00:21:24.71
it's not a, the
Israelite house was a very, very
00:21:24.75\00:21:27.95
singular type of architecture.
00:21:27.98\00:21:30.45
And there's been
a lot of discussion
00:21:30.49\00:21:32.52
in the scholarly community about
why they had these kind of,
00:21:32.55\00:21:36.12
what we call four-room
houses, or pillared houses.
00:21:36.16\00:21:39.46
Uh, normally it would
have four different rooms,
00:21:39.49\00:21:41.96
often in the
basement, or not the basement,
00:21:42.00\00:21:44.63
but the first floor you would
have cattle or sheep and goats.
00:21:44.67\00:21:48.94
It would be kind of like a barn.
00:21:48.97\00:21:51.44
Um, in the back areas
you would have storage areas,
00:21:51.47\00:21:54.38
uh, and so forth.
00:21:54.41\00:21:55.78
And then you'd have
an upper floor as well.
00:21:55.81\00:21:57.51
So whether this was
something that was added
00:21:57.55\00:21:59.71
as an upper floor, um,
00:21:59.75\00:22:01.62
or whether this was
added onto, I, I think maybe
00:22:01.65\00:22:04.49
what the Bible's talking about,
00:22:04.52\00:22:06.09
knowing the
architecture of that time,
00:22:06.12\00:22:07.62
is that maybe they added a
room above, perhaps, for him.
00:22:07.66\00:22:11.76
Uh, these houses
were occupied by,
00:22:11.79\00:22:14.76
a nuclear family but
also by extended family.
00:22:14.83\00:22:17.63
>>John: So how many people would
you have typically in a home?
00:22:17.67\00:22:19.57
>>Michael: It depended,
but you could have as many as
00:22:19.60\00:22:21.80
10 to 15 people in a
home of 900 to a thousand,
00:22:21.84\00:22:26.27
maybe 1200 square feet.
00:22:26.31\00:22:27.64
>>John: That's not real
big to have 10 or 15 people.
00:22:27.68\00:22:30.78
>>Michael: No, it's not.
00:22:30.81\00:22:31.65
>>John: Now, let
me ask you this, then:
00:22:31.68\00:22:33.35
Did, was there a,
00:22:33.38\00:22:35.55
did these homes differ based on
the standing of the individual?
00:22:35.58\00:22:40.76
Was it common to find humble
dwelling for the humble folks,
00:22:40.79\00:22:44.49
much larger place,
did it work like that?
00:22:44.53\00:22:47.30
>>Michael: There was
some of that as well, yes.
00:22:47.36\00:22:49.56
And depending on also where
in the city it was located,
00:22:49.60\00:22:52.10
if it was a city house or
if it was out in the country.
00:22:52.13\00:22:54.44
But the style was very
much the same, many times,
00:22:54.47\00:22:57.67
in terms of those four rooms.
00:22:57.71\00:22:59.51
Um, and some of the rooms
were simply divided by pillars.
00:22:59.54\00:23:02.31
It wasn't really
divided by a wall, let's say.
00:23:02.34\00:23:05.88
The material that was used for
them was quite, quite extensive.
00:23:05.91\00:23:08.88
>>John: Yeah, what, what were
they, what were they built from?
00:23:08.92\00:23:10.75
>>Michael: They were
built from stone primarily,
00:23:10.79\00:23:13.42
that were then plastered
on the outside, or even, um,
00:23:13.46\00:23:17.43
either with mud, or with
actual plaster lime from, from,
00:23:17.46\00:23:21.20
uh, from
limestone, limestone plaster.
00:23:21.23\00:23:24.33
And to
construct a house that had
00:23:24.37\00:23:26.67
those four rooms at the bottom,
00:23:26.70\00:23:28.00
plus a roof area
with perhaps rooms above,
00:23:28.04\00:23:30.97
you're talking about a
construction that would involve
00:23:31.01\00:23:34.04
470 tons of material.
00:23:34.08\00:23:36.71
>>John: That's a heavy house.
00:23:36.75\00:23:38.55
>>Michael: This
is a heavy house.
00:23:38.58\00:23:39.78
This is not the kind of houses
we build here in North America.
00:23:39.81\00:23:42.58
We're just
framing up 2x4s or 2x6s,
00:23:42.62\00:23:45.45
and then putting drywall on it.
00:23:45.49\00:23:47.32
This was solid, solid houses.
00:23:47.36\00:23:49.49
And we find
stairs going up to what
00:23:49.52\00:23:52.73
presumably would
be a second floor.
00:23:52.76\00:23:54.03
Many times we only find the,
00:23:54.10\00:23:56.30
the um, the
foundations of these homes.
00:23:56.33\00:23:59.10
Uh, but we find the
staircases that go up to them.
00:23:59.13\00:24:01.94
We find collapsed ceilings, and
we find the materials that were,
00:24:01.97\00:24:04.61
that were there.
00:24:04.64\00:24:05.34
So we have huge storage jars,
00:24:05.37\00:24:07.61
many times they're
lined up in these houses,
00:24:07.64\00:24:09.54
that would have
had olive oil in them,
00:24:09.58\00:24:11.41
or, or perhaps
uh, uh grape juice
00:24:11.45\00:24:13.95
or wine or
something of that nature.
00:24:13.98\00:24:15.42
So we have, we have, again,
uh done a lot of analysis and,
00:24:15.45\00:24:20.49
and looked at the way
people lived, and they had,
00:24:20.52\00:24:23.43
they had comfortable homes.
00:24:23.46\00:24:24.66
>>John: Now, these jars that
are discovered in archaeological
00:24:24.69\00:24:27.76
ruins, I understand
you found some of those,
00:24:27.83\00:24:30.23
and these are genuine ancient,
what were they used for?
00:24:30.27\00:24:34.80
>>Michael: Well,
they were used to, uh,
00:24:34.84\00:24:36.54
contain all kinds of
things uh, often water or oil.
00:24:36.57\00:24:43.18
Olive oil, of
course, was produced
00:24:43.21\00:24:44.91
very extensively in
the Mediterranean world;
00:24:44.95\00:24:47.32
still is today.
00:24:47.35\00:24:48.52
>>John: This one here, how
old is this, and what is this?
00:24:48.55\00:24:50.49
>>Michael: This, this is dating
to about the eighth century,
00:24:50.52\00:24:51.99
about 750 B.C. or so.
00:24:52.02\00:24:54.39
So this would date to the
time of Isaiah and Amos and,
00:24:54.42\00:24:57.59
and Hezekiah, the king,
00:24:57.63\00:24:59.09
during Sennacherib's
famous campaign that he took
00:24:59.13\00:25:01.46
the Assyrian king.
00:25:01.50\00:25:02.43
And I love this,
this particular artifact,
00:25:02.46\00:25:04.93
because it has a spout
over here on this side.
00:25:04.97\00:25:07.84
This is a spout where you
can actually pour out material.
00:25:07.87\00:25:11.51
Uh, and it has, it's designed
in such a way where you can put
00:25:11.54\00:25:14.44
a little tiny dipper juglet
like this inside the spout,
00:25:14.48\00:25:17.95
and just kind of, it hangs
out there as kind of a little
00:25:17.98\00:25:20.98
resting place for it.
00:25:21.02\00:25:22.45
This is a little measuring cup.
00:25:22.48\00:25:24.35
So if you have a large jar,
00:25:24.39\00:25:26.05
sometimes there's
jars even larger than this,
00:25:26.09\00:25:27.86
rather than
picking up the whole thing
00:25:27.89\00:25:29.86
and accidentally spilling olive
oil in your fire and creating,
00:25:29.89\00:25:33.23
burning the whole city down,
00:25:33.26\00:25:34.66
or something like that, you can
just take your little dipper jar
00:25:34.73\00:25:37.60
dip it in, maybe on
a string or something,
00:25:37.63\00:25:39.80
dip it in, bring
out a little bit,
00:25:39.83\00:25:41.94
and this just take it, take it,
00:25:41.97\00:25:43.84
a little bit, this little
dipper juglet, and do that.
00:25:43.87\00:25:47.01
So this is a very
typical Israelite artifact
00:25:47.04\00:25:50.68
that we find
from that time period.
00:25:50.71\00:25:52.61
And it, it just
is an amazing piece.
00:25:52.65\00:25:55.88
We find the
dipper juglet separately.
00:25:55.92\00:25:57.55
Uh, two summers ago we
actually found them together,
00:25:57.59\00:26:01.06
very much like
this. They were crushed,
00:26:01.09\00:26:03.12
but perfectly restorable uh,
00:26:03.16\00:26:05.09
on the level that
Sennacherib destroyed.
00:26:05.13\00:26:08.10
>>John: When you find
something like this, for me,
00:26:08.13\00:26:10.87
for the non-archaeologist,
00:26:10.90\00:26:12.40
it just kind of lights me up
and brings the Bible to life.
00:26:12.43\00:26:16.10
This is really real,
00:26:16.14\00:26:17.24
and these were real
people living real lives.
00:26:17.27\00:26:18.81
What did it do for you
after you've been digging in the
00:26:18.84\00:26:22.41
Middle East for years and years?
00:26:22.44\00:26:23.78
>>Michael: I still get
excited. I still get excited.
00:26:23.81\00:26:26.51
Somebody made
this 2,700 years ago.
00:26:26.55\00:26:29.15
Somebody uh, cooked with
it, prepared for their families.
00:26:29.18\00:26:33.72
Um, there were children
running around in the house.
00:26:33.76\00:26:36.02
Uh, you know, it, it, it really
to me brings the Bible to life
00:26:36.06\00:26:40.06
in an incredible way,
00:26:40.10\00:26:42.36
in, in a sense that, you
know, these were, like you said,
00:26:42.40\00:26:46.53
real people, and uh, we
can touch and taste and feel
00:26:46.57\00:26:52.37
the material
that they lived with.
00:26:52.41\00:26:54.61
>>John: Archaeology
bringing to life the Bible.
00:26:54.64\00:26:58.11
My encouragement to you
is that the Bible comes alive
00:26:58.15\00:27:01.05
in your life.
00:27:01.08\00:27:02.68
Archaeology isn't given to
us simply so that we can see
00:27:02.72\00:27:05.12
how people lived 2,800
or more or less years ago,
00:27:05.15\00:27:09.52
but so that the Bible can come
to life, be real, be accessible.
00:27:09.56\00:27:14.00
And it's real when it's read
and believed and leaned upon.
00:27:14.03\00:27:20.30
There were Bible figures
or people living among them,
00:27:20.34\00:27:24.21
handling these very artifacts.
00:27:24.24\00:27:26.17
Today, we can
handle the Word of God,
00:27:26.21\00:27:29.08
and it can be
alive and real for us.
00:27:29.11\00:27:31.71
¤[Music]¤
00:27:31.75\00:27:38.02
>>John: It's a subject
that is talked about much,
00:27:38.49\00:27:40.29
studied often, and you
want to know what the Bible says
00:27:40.32\00:27:43.79
about the temple in scripture.
00:27:43.83\00:27:45.89
To find out,
receive today's free offer:
00:27:45.93\00:27:48.40
"Rebuilding the Temple."
00:27:48.43\00:27:50.03
Call 800-253-3000.
00:27:50.07\00:27:52.57
Or visit us
online at iiwoffer.com.
00:27:52.60\00:27:56.91
What does the Bible say about
the Temple and its services?
00:27:56.94\00:28:00.44
Get today's free offer:
"Rebuilding the Temple."
00:28:00.48\00:28:02.38
800-253-3000,
00:28:02.41\00:28:04.58
visit us at iiwoffer.com.
00:28:04.61\00:28:08.32
>>John: Thank you for
remembering that It Is Written
00:28:08.42\00:28:10.22
exists because of the kindness
of people just like you.
00:28:10.25\00:28:13.86
To support this international,
life-changing ministry,
00:28:13.89\00:28:16.99
please call us
now at 800-253-3000.
00:28:17.03\00:28:21.16
You can send your
tax deductible gift
00:28:21.20\00:28:22.66
to the address on your screen.
00:28:22.70\00:28:24.17
Or you can visit us
online at itiswritten.com.
00:28:24.20\00:28:28.00
Thank you for your prayers
and for your financial support.
00:28:28.04\00:28:30.87
Our number
again is 800-253-3000,
00:28:30.91\00:28:35.01
or you could visit us online at
00:28:35.04\00:28:36.71
itiswritten.com.
00:28:36.75\00:28:38.28
>>John: Dr. Michael Hasel,
00:28:38.81\00:28:39.98
thank you so much for joining
me today on It Is Written.
00:28:40.02\00:28:41.58
>>Michael: It's a privilege.
00:28:41.62\00:28:42.65
>>John: It's a joy to
see the Bible come to life.
00:28:42.68\00:28:45.09
It really is.
Let's pray together.
00:28:45.12\00:28:47.52
Our Father in Heaven,
00:28:47.56\00:28:48.52
we thank You today
that Your word is living,
00:28:48.56\00:28:52.06
it's dynamic,
00:28:52.09\00:28:53.03
it, it is alive.
00:28:53.06\00:28:55.26
And I pray that it
would be alive in our lives.
00:28:55.30\00:28:58.17
There is somebody right now
participating in this prayer
00:28:58.20\00:29:03.07
who needs the touch of
God in her or his life,
00:29:03.10\00:29:06.01
who needs the power of Your
Word to flow through that life
00:29:06.04\00:29:10.98
and that experience.
00:29:11.01\00:29:13.08
We thank You for a
Savior who lived, who breathed,
00:29:13.11\00:29:16.92
who died, and who is
soon to return to this earth
00:29:16.95\00:29:20.29
and take us home.
00:29:20.32\00:29:21.89
Let that day come soon,
we pray, in Jesus' name,
00:29:21.92\00:29:26.09
amen.
00:29:26.13\00:29:27.66
¤[Theme music]¤
00:29:27.73\00:29:28.76
Thanks so much
for joining us today.
00:29:28.80\00:29:30.27
I look forward to
seeing you again next time.
00:29:30.30\00:29:32.27
Until then, remember:
00:29:32.30\00:29:34.30
"It is written,
00:29:34.34\00:29:36.10
'man shall not
live by bread alone,
00:29:36.14\00:29:38.91
but by every word that proceeds
from the mouth of God.'"
00:29:38.94\00:29:42.64
¤[Music]¤
00:29:42.68\00:29:57.69