Welcome to our
Evolution Impossible journey.
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I am Dr. Sven  string.
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And you'll definitely
need to fasten your seat belts
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for this trip, because
we're going to be traveling
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way back in time
to the very beginning;
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to the Big Bang itself.
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Sound like an explosive topic?
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Actually, you may be
surprised to find out
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that the popular concept that
the Big Bang was an explosion
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in space isn't what
cosmologists actually teach.
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If that sounds intriguing,
come with us on this journey.
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Joining me today is
Dr. John Aston, who's been
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doing research in this
area for almost 50 years.
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Good to have you
here with us again.
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And also, Blair Lemke.
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~ Good you could join us
today. - Good to be here.
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And Melvin Sandelin.
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It's always good to have
you back on the studio as well.
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And Jeandré Roux.
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We're looking forward to
your insightful questions.
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You know, John, as I was saying,
the popular concept of the
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Big Bang being this
explosion of matter into space
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isn't actually correct.
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So could you explain to
us, what is the Big Bang theory
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actually telling us?
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Right, okay, well
the Big Bang theory
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is something that Fred Hoyle,
a famous British astronomer
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at Cambridge University,
felt was so ridiculous
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that's why he called
it, "Wow, it's a big bang."
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~ So it's a derogatory term?
- Yes, originally meant, yes.
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But the whole concept of
matter or energy expanding
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into space is too similar
to what the Bible talks about
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God creating and
expanding the universe.
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And so, cosmologists
that really want to keep God
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out of the picture, they
say, "Well, this is not good.
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We really don't want the earth
at the center of the universe."
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Because when we look
out in space, it's sort of
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isotropic from where we are.
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It's almost as if
we're in a spherical ball,
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and we're near the center of it.
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~ So isotropic,
explain that term to us.
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That means, the density of
matter is pretty well the same
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in all directions
throughout the galaxies.
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- Wherever you look. - Yes.
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So we look as if we're pretty
close to being in the center.
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And again, scientists that want
to keep God out of the picture
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say, "Whoa, this is too close to
making the earth pretty special.
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We seem to be in a
very special place.
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We don't want that."
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So what they've done is
they have contrived, in my view,
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what we know as the
current Big Bang model,
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which is space
expanding in a fourth dimension.
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Now one of the
reasons that they do that
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is so that there's no
center to the universe then.
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And how this occurs is this:
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If we imagine
blowing up a balloon,
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so you have a
balloon, just a party balloon,
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so you start and your
balloon is about this size.
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Now when we've got our
balloon and we've blown it up
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to about this size,
we then take a little pen
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and we draw
little circles over it.
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Okay, so we're going
to make little polka dots.
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And what do the
circles represent?
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They just
represent little circles.
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Okay. Fair enough.
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So we'll just draw
these little circles around.
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Just like a polka dot
pattern on this, okay.
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And so we've got
those little circles.
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And now we're blowing in...
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...and it expands, okay.
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So as it expands, those
little circles move further
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apart from one another.
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And so we've now
got our bigger balloon.
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~ It hasn't gone pop yet.
- No, it hasn't gone pop yet.
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No, no, it's not
going to go bang either.
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This is stabilized. This
is our current situation.
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This is the
expanded Big Bang, in a way.
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But we've got this balloon.
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And I want to ask you
then, where's the center of the
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surface of the balloon?
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~ It's doesn't have a center.
- It's doesn't have a center.
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Now what we have observed, when
I was blowing this balloon up,
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as you had to
imagine, what we were doing was
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with the surface of the balloon,
that skin of the balloon,
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is a two dimensional
surface, but it was expanding
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in three dimensions.
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And there's no center to that.
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So if we have space,
which is three dimensions,
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expanding in four dimensions,
again there's no center.
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Just fourth dimension.
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Yes, it's
doesn't have to be time.
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Time is outside that.
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You're just expanding
in a fourth dimension.
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It's just a
mathematical construct
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involving what
they call, hyperspace.
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This theoretical
fourth dimension.
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Now they have to do that.
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When they do that, then there
is no center of the universe.
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And it explains why the
universe looks much the same
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wherever we look.
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Because we're on the
surface of this sphere.
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So called.
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But why I'm using
this sphere is just because
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we can't, in our minds,
imagine a fourth dimension.
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We can't
physically easily anyway,
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some people
might, be able to imagine
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three dimensions
expanding in fourth dimensions.
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But we do it mathematically.
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It's very easy with mathematics,
as you probably know
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with your math background.
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But this is called the
cosmological principle,
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or Copernican principle.
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And that is a construct
to deliberately keep out
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the obvious observation
that we seem to be very special
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and at the
center of the universe.
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But it relies on hyperspace.
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It relies on the existence
of this fourth dimension
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which has never been detected
and we have no evidence for it.
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It's just a
mathematical construct.
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So it's the
expansion of space itself.
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- Yes. - And not
just this explosion
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of matter into space.
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- Yes. - Okay.
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And there's a number of reasons
that I want to do this, too.
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Because, you see, what
happens is, when they believe...
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Part of the evidence that
they claim is for the Big Bang
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is what we call the cosmic
microwave background radiation,
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which is this infrared
or microwave radiation.
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~ It's energy
that you can observe.
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Yeah, microwave radiation
which they say is the leftover
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from the Big Bang.
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And we observe this
background radiation there.
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Now the problem is,
there's a horizon problem
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for them that they have.
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~ May I first ask what that is?
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~ Right, the
horizon problem is this.
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That you can't see
anything happening faster
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than the speed of light.
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~ So there's a
horizon to what we see.
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Yes, so there's a horizon for
energy and so forth to travel,
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as far as they understand.
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~ Is that the cosmic
microwave background radiation?
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~ No, what it is is this:
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That if that is...
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What they say this microwave
background radiation is,
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it's the leftover remnant
radiation from the massive
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Big Bang in the beginning.
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So it's what has been leftover.
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But the fact that
it's so uniform means that
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it has to have spread
uniformly across the universe.
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But if the universe has
been expanding to the size
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that it is in the time
that it has, even if this
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microwave radiation was
traveling at the speed of light,
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there's not enough time for it
to distribute itself uniformly.
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So they have their
own problems, right?
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But if you have space expanding
in the fourth dimension,
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and you have it all
close together, then you can
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have this distribution occurring
while it's all close together,
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and then space is stretched out.
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And so, it isn't limited
by your sort of, you know,
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luminary constraints
of the speed of light.
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So these are all fancy
mathematical constructs.
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And you run into, you
know, other major problems
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like where did
the energy come from
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to expand it
like that so quickly.
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It has to happen,
you know, so quickly.
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There's so many problems
with the Big Bang, yeah.
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So tell us, so you've got
the cosmic microwave background
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radiation you mentioned.
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Is there any other
evidence for the Big Bang?
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In terms of what the
cosmologists would use
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to support this theory.
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Ummm.
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Well, of course, you know,
they date the ages of the...
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They detect particular
elements in the stars.
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And from the radioactive
elements that they detect there,
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they, you know,
calculate the ages of, you know,
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14 billion years, and so forth.
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So they make
these sort of estimates.
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But look, the bottom line
is, there's so many problems
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with the Big Bang.
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But this just
isn't being talked about.
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We can have a look at some.
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For example, if this
cosmic microwave background
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radiation that they
detect was real, we would expect
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shadows behind certain
nebular and so forth like this.
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We don't observe any shadows.
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They've studied a whole
lot of these particular...
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Or behind galaxies.
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They've observed a whole lot
of galaxies, over 30 I think,
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and none of them we've
observed any shadows behind.
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So that's powerful
evidence that the Big Bang
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actually didn't occur.
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That's really powerful evidence.
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What about the
red shift in galaxies
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and stars that they've detected?
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Well, these are used
to calculate, you know,
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the speeds of stars and
movements, and things like that.
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From the Doppler effect.
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Now again, it's
just all physics.
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But one of the things
that, again, they've got so many
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major problems; for
example, they have to have
00:10:24.39\00:10:30.09
inflation theory, in that there
is no known laws of physics
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that can explain
how this singularity...
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All they mean by that, they talk
about singularity exploding.
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What the singularity is:
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Well there's all
different views on it.
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You know, an
infinite mass, infinite heat,
00:10:45.67\00:10:48.44
infinite energy sort of
something at the beginning.
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- So it suddenly expanded.
~ It sounds pretty hot.
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Yes, well it's the
hot Big Bang model.
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There are cold
Big Bang models too.
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There's lots of
different Big Bang models.
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But the thing is,
really in order for it to work,
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if we apply the
standard laws of physics,
00:11:02.22\00:11:04.93
it doesn't work.
00:11:05.13\00:11:06.49
~ So physics breaks down.
- Yeah, physics breaks down.
00:11:06.73\00:11:10.77
So you just have this
whole game of mathematics there,
00:11:10.80\00:11:14.94
which is really fun, you know.
00:11:14.97\00:11:16.74
And you can be
creative in mathematics.
00:11:16.77\00:11:19.01
But what the bottom
line is, they have to have
00:11:19.04\00:11:21.24
what they call inflation theory.
00:11:21.28\00:11:22.88
Which is, the laws of physics
were very different back then.
00:11:23.28\00:11:27.15
And yet, they criticize
us for believing in creation.
00:11:27.88\00:11:30.55
They say, "Well,
you can't test creation.
00:11:30.59\00:11:32.85
Therefore, it's not a
scientific testable theory.
00:11:32.89\00:11:36.22
Therefore, you
can't teach it in school.
00:11:36.26\00:11:38.09
But we're going to teach
Big Bang with inflation theory."
00:11:38.29\00:11:41.63
Hang on, you can't
test inflation theory.
00:11:41.93\00:11:44.43
I mean, this is
just so wrong, you know.
00:11:44.47\00:11:47.97
~ Dr. Aston? ~
You have a question?
00:11:48.00\00:11:49.34
Yeah, that's what I
had a question about.
00:11:49.37\00:11:50.91
Because that really
struck me as I read your book,
00:11:50.94\00:11:53.21
that you wrote that one
of the things that would be
00:11:53.41\00:11:56.14
necessary for the Big Bang
to work is the inflation theory.
00:11:56.18\00:11:59.38
But at the same time this cosmic
microwave background radiation
00:11:59.68\00:12:05.05
is cited as one of
the biggest evidences
00:12:05.25\00:12:08.36
that the Big Bang
happened, but it would need that
00:12:08.39\00:12:12.46
inflation theory which has
never been tested or observed
00:12:12.49\00:12:16.70
or seen, and it is even
defying the laws of physics
00:12:16.73\00:12:20.97
as we know it.
00:12:21.00\00:12:22.34
How can this, then, be used
as one of the biggest evidences
00:12:22.37\00:12:26.37
when it's based
on a big assumption?
00:12:26.47\00:12:29.34
~ Yeah.
00:12:29.38\00:12:30.71
Yes, and the thing
is, the average person
00:12:30.75\00:12:33.05
doesn't realize this.
00:12:33.08\00:12:34.42
But the reason why scientists
continue working this area
00:12:35.25\00:12:40.42
is that it's really the only
theory they've got, you know.
00:12:40.46\00:12:43.96
I mean, they have string theory,
and people are coming up with
00:12:43.99\00:12:46.59
all different types of
theories as the present time.
00:12:46.63\00:12:48.93
But it's the model that
most people are playing with,
00:12:49.10\00:12:52.47
because the other models
have big problems as well.
00:12:52.50\00:12:54.77
But what gets me is that
if we just simply look at it,
00:12:55.07\00:12:58.37
the cosmic
microwave background radiation
00:12:58.57\00:13:01.11
levels are simply
what we would calculate
00:13:01.14\00:13:04.15
from that
generated by a star light.
00:13:04.25\00:13:07.28
You know, it just
fits what we observe.
00:13:08.18\00:13:10.15
You know, there's a very
simple explanation for it.
00:13:10.19\00:13:13.39
One of the other fascinating
things is that we have a
00:13:13.59\00:13:15.92
law in physics called
the law of baryon number.
00:13:15.96\00:13:18.76
And what that says is that if
we convert energy into matter,
00:13:18.99\00:13:23.63
we produce equal amounts
of matter and antimatter.
00:13:23.83\00:13:26.77
So most have seen the equation,
00:13:26.80\00:13:28.90
E = mass times the
speed of light squared.
00:13:28.94\00:13:33.58
E = mc2
00:13:33.61\00:13:35.18
And so, we can
convert energy into matter.
00:13:35.21\00:13:37.35
But when we do
that, we generate both.
00:13:37.38\00:13:39.15
So, for example, the
antimatter to an electron
00:13:39.18\00:13:41.75
would be a positron, right?
00:13:41.78\00:13:43.28
Now when we look out in space,
00:13:43.39\00:13:45.22
we observe
something like 95% matter.
00:13:45.25\00:13:49.86
We don't observe a 50-50 balance
of matter and antimatter.
00:13:50.36\00:13:54.16
There's only about 5%
antimatter out in space.
00:13:54.20\00:13:57.63
~ How does that relate to
dark matter or dark energy?
00:13:57.73\00:14:00.50
So this is where it comes in.
00:14:00.54\00:14:01.87
The dark matter
is there to provide
00:14:01.90\00:14:05.57
the balance in that equation.
00:14:06.01\00:14:08.34
But also, the other
problem that they have is this:
00:14:08.38\00:14:10.91
That when you
convert energy into matter,
00:14:10.95\00:14:14.58
you produce
individual atoms and nuclei.
00:14:14.62\00:14:17.22
These have to come
together in some way.
00:14:17.25\00:14:19.12
Now the simplest ones:
hydrogen, helium; they're gases.
00:14:19.15\00:14:23.12
And they just stay apart.
00:14:23.22\00:14:24.63
So you've got to somehow, to
synthesize the higher elements
00:14:24.66\00:14:29.73
you've got to
somehow produce super intense
00:14:29.76\00:14:32.23
gravitational fields.
00:14:32.27\00:14:33.90
So you've got to
somehow get these
00:14:33.94\00:14:36.94
gaseous elements together again.
00:14:36.97\00:14:39.04
They're not
going to come together.
00:14:39.07\00:14:40.51
And so, in order to
get them to come together
00:14:40.91\00:14:43.28
to synthesize the
higher elements, they say, well
00:14:43.31\00:14:45.85
there must be dark matter
that produces this intense
00:14:46.11\00:14:50.09
gravitational field that
pulls all the gases together
00:14:50.12\00:14:53.79
so that they can
condense and begin to fuse and
00:14:53.82\00:14:56.62
produce the higher elements.
00:14:56.76\00:14:58.69
~ It sounds so
scientific, it must be.
00:14:58.73\00:15:00.93
It must be.
00:15:00.96\00:15:02.33
The problem is, we've never
detected that either, you know.
00:15:02.36\00:15:05.87
And these are all these
constructs that they have
00:15:06.17\00:15:09.37
made up to try and
save the Big Bang theory.
00:15:09.40\00:15:13.44
Dark matter, dark energy
is, again, where this energy
00:15:13.48\00:15:16.75
came from to sort of just
expand the universe fast enough.
00:15:16.78\00:15:21.08
~ The
inflationary period. - Yeah.
00:15:21.12\00:15:22.68
~ It's
interesting. - All these things.
00:15:22.72\00:15:24.05
And without them, they fail.
00:15:24.09\00:15:25.42
And one of the things
that people don't realize,
00:15:25.45\00:15:27.36
scientists working in
the field realize this, but
00:15:27.39\00:15:31.33
all the attempted experimental,
or all the predictions
00:15:32.29\00:15:37.57
that would fall out
of the Big Bang theory,
00:15:37.60\00:15:40.50
when they attempted to
test them experimentally
00:15:40.54\00:15:43.47
have failed.
00:15:43.67\00:15:45.01
It doesn't predict the right
number of, you know, sort of
00:15:45.04\00:15:49.24
evolving galaxies and
all this sort of thing.
00:15:49.28\00:15:51.41
This has been known
for, you know, some time now.
00:15:51.61\00:15:56.05
Matter of fact, in the
early 2000's, about 100 or 200
00:15:56.08\00:16:00.76
scientists signed a
statement that was published in,
00:16:00.79\00:16:05.16
New Scientist, saying,
"Look, there's so many problems
00:16:05.19\00:16:09.03
with the Big Bang theory, we
really should stop teaching it."
00:16:09.06\00:16:11.90
You know, when you
had people like Halton Arp
00:16:12.10\00:16:14.94
who was the chief astronomer at
Max Planck Institute in Germany,
00:16:14.97\00:16:19.44
you had Thomas Gold
at Cornell University;
00:16:19.47\00:16:22.71
you had these top university
professors saying this,
00:16:22.81\00:16:25.41
"Hang on, it's not working."
00:16:25.81\00:16:29.12
It doesn't work. It
doesn't fit the scenario.
00:16:30.29\00:16:32.95
The biblical picture fits
what we observe out there.
00:16:33.29\00:16:38.19
That the earth is special, we're
near the center of the universe,
00:16:38.23\00:16:42.23
and it was made as
the environment around us.
00:16:42.33\00:16:45.77
Dr. John, I was curious, you
talked a little bit earlier on
00:16:45.93\00:16:48.77
about the inflation theory,
dark matter, dark energy,
00:16:48.80\00:16:52.47
these sorts of things,
these hypothetical entities
00:16:52.51\00:16:56.44
that cosmologists have,
I guess, created to try to
00:16:56.48\00:16:59.81
make the Big Bang
theory seem plausible.
00:16:59.85\00:17:02.58
I guess I'm wondering,
is this a common practice
00:17:03.42\00:17:05.92
in the scientific world to kind
of create hypothetical entities
00:17:05.95\00:17:10.56
to try to explain things?
00:17:10.59\00:17:11.93
Is that something that holds
water in the scientific world?
00:17:11.96\00:17:14.16
Obviously it does in
the Big Bang theory here,
00:17:14.20\00:17:16.53
but it just doesn't seem very...
00:17:16.56\00:17:18.87
~ Well, scientific hypothesis,
yes, this is a common approach
00:17:18.90\00:17:23.00
that people use.
00:17:23.41\00:17:24.97
And the idea is, okay, we want
to see how this system works.
00:17:25.01\00:17:28.61
We propose a hypothesis,
then we design some experiments
00:17:28.64\00:17:32.15
to test that hypothesis,
then we see if they work.
00:17:32.18\00:17:34.68
If it doesn't work, then usually
we try to change the hypothesis
00:17:34.72\00:17:38.52
or throw it away altogether.
00:17:38.55\00:17:39.89
~ Some of those
hypothetical entities?
00:17:39.92\00:17:41.26
~ Yes. And so the Big
Bang theory is something that
00:17:41.29\00:17:43.49
people have been working on
for a real long period of time.
00:17:43.53\00:17:46.56
They built these very
large high-energy colliders
00:17:46.76\00:17:51.87
to try and understand
what happens in the nucleus
00:17:51.90\00:17:54.84
of an atom under
really extreme conditions.
00:17:54.87\00:17:57.47
How can we try and
model what sort of conditions
00:17:57.51\00:18:00.38
were there at the Big Bang.
00:18:00.41\00:18:01.74
But essentially, the Big
Bang model is saying that
00:18:01.78\00:18:04.51
nothing somehow
became something, you know.
00:18:04.55\00:18:08.72
Quantum fluctuation in a
vacuum, and this sort of thing.
00:18:08.92\00:18:12.82
Well, it's not really a
true nothing that they're
00:18:12.85\00:18:15.06
talking about when they're
doing their equations there.
00:18:15.09\00:18:17.93
It's sort of a quantum vacuum.
00:18:17.96\00:18:19.53
Lawrence Krauss with his
book, A Universe From Nothing,
00:18:19.56\00:18:22.90
actually equivocates
on that word, "nothing."
00:18:22.93\00:18:25.63
He's not talking about nothing,
he's talking about something.
00:18:25.67\00:18:28.74
Yes, yes.
00:18:28.77\00:18:31.01
~ I have a question about that.
00:18:31.04\00:18:32.74
Maybe risking to sound like
a dummy, because maybe there's
00:18:33.04\00:18:36.41
explanations for it that I don't
understand or haven't heard.
00:18:36.44\00:18:39.71
But for me, the Big Bang
theory, even if all of that
00:18:39.75\00:18:44.45
would have happened and
everything worked as they said,
00:18:44.49\00:18:48.29
it still does not explain where
the first things came from.
00:18:48.62\00:18:52.09
Right? Because for
a big bang to occur,
00:18:52.13\00:18:55.40
you need something
that makes a big bang.
00:18:55.43\00:18:58.30
And that is something
that I've never understood.
00:18:58.60\00:19:00.57
Where then does that come from?
00:19:00.60\00:19:03.94
And the Bible
does give us a picture
00:19:04.24\00:19:06.01
where everything came from.
00:19:06.04\00:19:07.38
It came from God.
00:19:07.41\00:19:08.74
So that to me...
00:19:08.78\00:19:10.11
~ So what you're saying,
Melvin, is it really defies
00:19:10.15\00:19:12.38
the logic of cause and effect.
00:19:12.41\00:19:14.42
~ Yeah. - So
you get this effect,
00:19:14.45\00:19:15.92
a universe, but
there's no cause for it.
00:19:15.95\00:19:18.49
~ Exactly.
00:19:18.52\00:19:19.85
Yeah, so there's a
philosophical argument
00:19:19.89\00:19:22.19
that essentially goes along the
lines that if something has a
00:19:22.32\00:19:25.56
beginning, it
must have had a cause.
00:19:25.59\00:19:27.26
And it's fascinated me that
the Bible, when God describes
00:19:27.70\00:19:31.03
Himself as God, He
talks about Himself
00:19:31.07\00:19:35.90
being the self-existent one.
00:19:35.94\00:19:37.77
In other words, "I
don't have a cause.
00:19:37.91\00:19:40.01
I have always been."
00:19:40.38\00:19:41.71
And this is a fascinating
concept, because the fact that
00:19:41.84\00:19:45.48
we are here is
evidence that, you know,
00:19:45.51\00:19:49.78
it's evidence that
something has happened.
00:19:49.82\00:19:52.15
And I know I've
spoken to other people,
00:19:52.19\00:19:54.36
and we've asked
ourselves the question,
00:19:54.52\00:19:56.76
"Why should anything exist?"
00:19:56.79\00:19:59.39
~ That's a very deep question.
- And when we look around...
00:19:59.86\00:20:01.26
But it is, and
it's so intricate.
00:20:01.30\00:20:02.73
You know, I saw the pictures
earlier of the humming bird.
00:20:02.76\00:20:05.13
It's so
phenomenal. And the giraffe.
00:20:05.17\00:20:06.67
And the amazing, you
know, creatures there.
00:20:06.70\00:20:08.47
But even a tree, when you think,
you know, that tree has to
00:20:08.50\00:20:11.04
get that water all the way up.
00:20:11.07\00:20:12.57
You know, the
amazing mechanism and design
00:20:12.84\00:20:15.31
to be able to do
that without having some
00:20:15.34\00:20:18.21
high pressure electric pump.
00:20:18.25\00:20:19.68
You know, every 15
feet, every 30 or 40 feet
00:20:19.88\00:20:23.95
you've got an atmosphere
of water sort of thing,
00:20:23.99\00:20:25.89
atmospheric pressure
that you've got to overcome.
00:20:25.92\00:20:28.16
Why should anything
exist? Why does it exist?
00:20:28.72\00:20:32.36
But it does.
Where did it come from?
00:20:32.39\00:20:35.16
It blows your mind.
00:20:35.50\00:20:36.83
And that's where God
fits the picture perfectly.
00:20:36.87\00:20:39.70
And it amazes me,
people say, because people say,
00:20:39.90\00:20:42.70
"Well, who created God?"
00:20:42.74\00:20:44.07
Well, you're going to
run out of problems because
00:20:44.41\00:20:46.78
the issue is, we are here.
00:20:46.81\00:20:48.48
But God, in this
Book that so many people
00:20:48.98\00:20:52.78
put down as, "Oh, you
know, it's just myth,"
00:20:52.98\00:20:54.95
here we have God
saying, "I am non-material,
00:20:54.98\00:20:58.12
and I am self-existent."
00:20:58.32\00:20:59.89
And this is brilliant.
00:21:00.62\00:21:01.96
It explains everything, really.
00:21:01.99\00:21:04.66
And it is an
explanation that works.
00:21:04.76\00:21:06.53
All these assumptions
just make me think of, like,
00:21:06.56\00:21:08.50
Hollywood movies.
00:21:08.53\00:21:09.86
~ Yeah. - It's
just far from reality.
00:21:09.90\00:21:11.87
But yet people still
choose to believe the Big Bang.
00:21:12.17\00:21:14.97
~ I mean, talking
about movies, even Maria
00:21:15.07\00:21:17.21
in, The Sound of Music, knew
that nothing comes from nothing.
00:21:17.24\00:21:19.84
Nothing ever could.
00:21:19.87\00:21:21.21
It's amazing insight.
00:21:21.24\00:21:22.58
But bringing you down
from the stratospheric kind of
00:21:22.61\00:21:25.51
talk about the
universe down to earth,
00:21:25.55\00:21:27.98
one of the things
that comes out in science
00:21:28.58\00:21:30.75
is that the earth is
in a Goldilocks zone.
00:21:30.79\00:21:33.96
And I just wondered if
you could explain that to us.
00:21:34.09\00:21:36.79
Obviously it's, you
know, not just the story about
00:21:36.83\00:21:39.13
Goldilocks with the
porridge and the nice warm bed.
00:21:39.16\00:21:42.16
What's that to do with the
earth, the Goldilocks zone?
00:21:43.00\00:21:45.13
Yes, okay, so there
have been some authors that
00:21:45.17\00:21:47.67
refer to the position of
the earth as very special.
00:21:47.70\00:21:51.31
And when you think about it,
we're at just the right distance
00:21:51.34\00:21:55.41
from the sun so that we
don't cook and we don't freeze.
00:21:55.44\00:21:59.08
Our gravity is just
right that hydrogen escapes
00:21:59.28\00:22:02.95
and doesn't
poison the atmosphere.
00:22:02.98\00:22:04.32
Because water does
slowly dissociate into hydrogen
00:22:04.35\00:22:06.55
and oxygen in small amounts.
00:22:06.59\00:22:07.92
There's an
equilibrium constant there.
00:22:07.96\00:22:09.29
So we don't get
poisoned by that sort of thing.
00:22:09.66\00:22:12.83
The moon is in just
the right place to cause
00:22:12.99\00:22:15.43
the tides and
this sort of thing.
00:22:15.46\00:22:17.10
And this is another
evidence for a young earth too.
00:22:17.13\00:22:19.93
I mean, the origin of the moon.
00:22:19.97\00:22:21.57
The astronomers have really
no satisfactory explanation.
00:22:21.80\00:22:26.34
They've studied
the composition now,
00:22:26.37\00:22:28.08
especially based on
titanium, for example.
00:22:28.11\00:22:30.65
One of the most abundant
metals in the earth's crust.
00:22:31.05\00:22:33.65
It's the same level in the moon.
00:22:33.68\00:22:35.68
And of course, the moon is
dragging against the earth,
00:22:35.92\00:22:39.65
so it's actually
slowing the rotation of
00:22:39.69\00:22:41.66
the earth down very slightly.
00:22:41.69\00:22:43.26
And as a result, it's
absorbing that angular momentum
00:22:43.29\00:22:46.19
and moving
slightly further away.
00:22:46.23\00:22:48.20
And so, again, if the
earth was thousands of millions
00:22:48.66\00:22:54.27
of years old, it's
impossible; the moon would have
00:22:54.30\00:22:55.90
crashed in and
wouldn't have been here.
00:22:55.94\00:22:58.01
So it just
doesn't fit, the ages.
00:22:58.47\00:23:01.21
There's so many
things like that as well.
00:23:01.24\00:23:03.71
But again, we're at just
the right temperature for water.
00:23:03.75\00:23:07.72
Our atmosphere is just right.
00:23:07.98\00:23:11.05
And we have so much
water on this planet.
00:23:11.09\00:23:13.66
So these are powerful
reasons why you believe
00:23:13.96\00:23:16.22
that the earth is young.
00:23:16.26\00:23:17.79
But do you also believe
that the entire universe
00:23:17.83\00:23:20.93
is young as well?
00:23:20.96\00:23:22.83
What leads you
to that conclusion
00:23:22.86\00:23:25.87
when there's all this
evidence, or supposed evidence,
00:23:25.97\00:23:28.84
for billions of years
for the universe itself?
00:23:28.87\00:23:32.04
Yes, sure.
00:23:32.07\00:23:33.41
One of the reasons that
I think about it is that
00:23:33.44\00:23:35.31
when I read the
astronomy books, I read so much
00:23:35.34\00:23:38.78
research about things that
are happening on our time scale.
00:23:38.88\00:23:41.75
It's almost as if we're
meant to be watching it.
00:23:41.78\00:23:45.29
Of course, the
Bible describes that.
00:23:45.32\00:23:47.26
And so how can we know,
you know, the age of things?
00:23:47.29\00:23:51.16
And I was reading a
paper just the other day
00:23:51.19\00:23:52.99
by a Japanese
astronomer who first observed
00:23:53.03\00:23:57.37
this particular
white dwarf expanding.
00:23:57.40\00:24:01.30
And the thing is, this star
exploded, you know, changed,
00:24:02.24\00:24:06.64
exploded and then
shrunk right back down.
00:24:06.74\00:24:08.51
So it went through a lifetime
cycle in about five years,
00:24:08.54\00:24:11.81
five years our time.
00:24:11.85\00:24:13.78
And I know
people get worried about
00:24:14.52\00:24:16.75
the star light time problem.
00:24:16.79\00:24:18.69
And we did talk
about it the other day.
00:24:18.72\00:24:21.66
~ So that's, how
can you get start light
00:24:21.86\00:24:23.79
from stars or galaxies which are
billions of light years away,
00:24:23.83\00:24:27.83
but we could actually see
it if the universe is young.
00:24:28.30\00:24:30.63
So what we need to remember
is that the light year is a
00:24:30.73\00:24:33.30
measure of distance.
00:24:33.34\00:24:34.67
It's a measure of how
far light would travel
00:24:34.70\00:24:38.51
if we average
the speed of light.
00:24:38.54\00:24:40.31
But as we discussed in
one of the other programs,
00:24:40.34\00:24:42.91
we can't actually measure
accurately and know accurately
00:24:43.21\00:24:47.78
the one way speed of light.
00:24:47.82\00:24:49.15
And it seems to me
to fit a lot of data
00:24:49.58\00:24:53.79
if the one way speed
of light is infinite,
00:24:54.09\00:24:57.66
if it's instantaneous.
00:24:57.69\00:24:59.56
And therefore, the return...
00:24:59.93\00:25:01.36
Now people say, "Oh, you
know, you're wishful thinking."
00:25:01.40\00:25:04.07
Well, it fits mathematically.
It's quite allowable.
00:25:04.10\00:25:06.53
It doesn't violate any
of the laws of physics.
00:25:06.57\00:25:09.14
Because the value
of "c" that we use
00:25:09.44\00:25:11.81
is the average of the
two-way speed of light.
00:25:11.91\00:25:14.74
That's the value that we use.
00:25:14.78\00:25:16.11
We just use the average of
the two-way speed of light.
00:25:16.14\00:25:18.75
And, you know, the other
factors are, when we think about
00:25:19.25\00:25:24.35
in terms of time, why
would God want us to be
00:25:24.39\00:25:26.96
looking at things in the past?
00:25:26.99\00:25:29.12
It makes so much
sense that we are able
00:25:29.42\00:25:34.53
to see things, you
know, here and now.
00:25:34.56\00:25:36.10
And also we have the
time dilation problem.
00:25:36.13\00:25:38.20
The whole problem that
time is affected by gravity,
00:25:38.23\00:25:41.80
as we talked
about before as well.
00:25:41.84\00:25:44.24
And so, we're measuring things
in terms of earth time, now.
00:25:44.34\00:25:48.34
You know, this is very
important to understand,
00:25:48.44\00:25:50.98
that we're measuring
things in earth time.
00:25:51.01\00:25:53.25
And those, you know, big
distances for light travel
00:25:54.15\00:25:57.49
may not in actual
fact be a problem.
00:25:57.52\00:25:59.89
The evidence in my view is
that the universe is very young.
00:25:59.92\00:26:03.06
And George Ellis said
that you can actually create
00:26:04.03\00:26:06.70
any cosmological model you like.
00:26:06.73\00:26:08.70
It just depends on the
philosophical assumptions
00:26:08.93\00:26:12.67
that you're making.
- Yes, that's right.
00:26:12.90\00:26:15.17
Could you just maybe quickly
explain what he meant there?
00:26:15.27\00:26:18.27
Well again, essentially
what he's saying is that
00:26:18.81\00:26:21.74
most of the current
models that are being developed
00:26:21.78\00:26:24.15
are models to try
and eliminate God.
00:26:24.51\00:26:26.78
And they're based on
that particular world view.
00:26:27.22\00:26:29.28
And so, for
example, John Wheeler got his
00:26:29.32\00:26:31.59
PhD back in the early
50's on the multiverse.
00:26:31.62\00:26:34.76
You know.
00:26:34.79\00:26:36.12
That there are
millions of universes.
00:26:36.16\00:26:37.53
That there are
different space time systems.
00:26:37.56\00:26:40.30
That's right.
00:26:40.33\00:26:41.66
One of the other things,
just to mention very quickly,
00:26:41.70\00:26:43.37
is that quantum
mechanics predicts instantaneous
00:26:43.40\00:26:46.50
interactions at a distance
faster than the speed of light.
00:26:46.53\00:26:49.10
There are lots of interactions
faster than the speed of light.
00:26:49.14\00:26:52.01
And we'll have to
pick that up another time.
00:26:52.04\00:26:54.28
So the Big Bang is
based on massive assumptions.
00:26:54.31\00:26:57.35
And it's been patched up
with so many fudge factors.
00:26:57.55\00:27:00.58
It makes me feel that the
Big Bang is a cosmological model
00:27:00.78\00:27:03.72
that needs to be
traded in for a better model.
00:27:03.75\00:27:06.02
And you can find the best
model, the best explanation
00:27:06.25\00:27:09.32
in the Bible itself.
00:27:09.36\00:27:10.99
This timeless best seller starts
with those majestic words,
00:27:11.19\00:27:14.86
"In the beginning, God created
the heavens and the earth."
00:27:14.90\00:27:18.30
Now that's something
you can really trust.
00:27:18.33\00:27:21.07
If you want to discover why
the Big Bang theory fizzles,
00:27:21.27\00:27:24.81
just go to your
favorite online bookstore
00:27:24.91\00:27:27.14
and get a copy of
Dr. John Aston's book...
00:27:27.18\00:27:30.05
You won't regret
that small investment.
00:27:31.18\00:27:33.88
Did you know that Dr. John
Aston is not the only scientist
00:27:34.15\00:27:37.75
who has rejected
Darwin's theory of evolution?
00:27:37.79\00:27:40.46
There are literally hundreds,
even thousands of scientists
00:27:40.66\00:27:43.93
who have decided that the
Bible is telling us the truth.
00:27:43.96\00:27:47.33
Join us next time as
we introduce some of those
00:27:47.53\00:27:50.17
scientists and
the powerful reasons
00:27:50.20\00:27:52.27
why they reject evolution.
00:27:52.30\00:27:54.14