A discovery in 1922 of the tomb
of the boy king Tutankhaman,
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was one of the most exciting
discoveries in the history of
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archaeology. The only
tomb of a Pharaoh found intact
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up to that time. Thousands
of priceless treasures,
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tons of gold and the spectacular
death mount are what we'll be
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discussing in this program.
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The Pharaohs of the 18th
dynasty did not build pyramids.
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They chiseled their tombs out
of the side of the valley of the
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kings. And they had long
tomb passages with beautiful
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paintings adorning the walls.
At the end of the passages
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they made their tomb chambers
and they had a sarcophagus
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in which they were buried,
and so this is where the mummy
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of each king was placed.
That scheme didn't work either.
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The tireless tomb robbers soon
found their way into the tombs
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and deprived them of
all their valuable contents.
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And so the officials of the 20th
dynasty gathered the mummies
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together and buried 13 of
them in the tomb of Amenhotep II
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and they took another 40 over
to a shaft near the temple of
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Hatshepsut and put them down
there. That's where they stayed
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for over 3000 years. In
1981 the tomb robbers were
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apprehended. And they
agreed to bring Egyptologist,
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Heinrich Brugsch to the place
where the mummies were buried.
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And they brought him to this
lonely valley and took him right
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up the end there, up
where those heaps of rubble are.
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Huh, Well I don't know whether
Brugsch found it as hard as I
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did. The slippery shale,
you know, you go one step up and
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two steps back. Well,
these fellows brought Brugsch
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to this shaft here.
And they said, Here it is.
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And they produced a rope
and they said to him, Alright,
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you go down here 10 meters
and Brugsch suddenly realized
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he hadn't told anyone where
he was going and these fellows
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could just lower him down
the shaft and then disappear.
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Nobody would ever hear of him
again. Well he looked into their
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faces and said, Okay. They
lowered him down this shaft
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10 meters. He went 30 meters
along and then his delighted
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gaze rested upon 40 mummies,
been buried there for more than
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3,000 years. And they were all
neatly labeled with the names
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of the Pharaohs. They took
them from here down to the Nile
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valley, floated them down the
river Nile and they're in the
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Cairo museum today, also
neatly labeled only this time
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in English. In 1998 Victor
Loret discovered the tomb of
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Amenhotep II and he found
all these mummies that had been
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buried there and so he had them
transferred to the Cairo museum.
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In 1902 an American-he wasn't
an archeologist, he was really
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just an adventurer with a lot
of money-did some excavations
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here and he found the tombs of
Harem Heb and also the tomb of
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Tuthmosis III, that mighty
conqueror, you know the greatest
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of all the Pharaohs. You have
to go up some steps now to reach
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this tomb. It was right at
the end of the valley. And then
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you go down the valley into
the shaft and at the end of the
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shaft the sarcophagus is
still there. Then in 1914 Davis
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announced that the valley
was exhausted, no more tombs.
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He'd found them all. And
so he relinquished his permit.
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And that's when Howard
Carter came into the scene.
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Well, Carter wasn't able
to start immediately because
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the great war started; but
when it was all over and the
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shooting was finished,
Carter came here and he started
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excavating. He was supported
financially by Lord Carnarvon
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of Wales. And he
worked here for six seasons.
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Finally in 1922 Carnarvon said,
Listen, we just can't go on
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forever. And then Carter made
that memorable plea, Please,
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just one more season. A
plea that was to make history.
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Well, Carter figured that
down there must be the tomb of
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Tutankhaman. You see all
the other tombs had been found.
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Just one king of the 18th
dynasty had not been discovered.
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So he felt sure it was
there somewhere; but where?
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He went over every nook
and corner in the valley.
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Couldn't find a thing, and at
last he thought, There is just
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one place they could be. You
see down there is the tomb of
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Ramesses 6th and when that
tomb was excavated for the king,
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they took all the rubble
and dumped it on the ground.
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And Carter thought, Maybe,
just maybe Tutankhamun's tomb
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was under that rubble. So he
set his men to work to remove
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this mound of rubble. And he
left the scene and one morning
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he came back there. And from
the deathly silence on the men
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standing around looking he knew
that something had been found.
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And when he came up to it,
they pointed down to a step
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that had been exposed under the
rubble. And Carter knew that he
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had something. And so he ordered
the rest of the rubble to be
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removed and step by step it
was exposed, until he came down
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to a slab of stone which
was a doorway and Carter's heart
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leaped as he realized that the
necropolis seal was on that door
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Now you don't seal something
unless there's something
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valuable inside. But
what? Was it Tutankhamun's tomb?
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Or was it just someplace where
they stored a lot of valuables?
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Had the tomb robbers got
in? He didn't know but he kept
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on going and right down at the
bottom he found the cartouche.
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That means the name of
Tutankhamun. He still couldn't
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be sure. But he figured
there was something there.
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So he fired off a telegram
to Lord Carnarvon back in Wales
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and said, You better come! And
so Carnarvon and his daughter
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Lady Evelyn came. In the
meantime what did Carter do?
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He filled the whole thing back
in again so that you wouldn't
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know that there was anything
there. Well, when Carnarvon
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came, of course the press turned
up and all the officials and
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so once more they removed
all the rubble there and exposed
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the steps and here was this
door. And that's when Carter
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took a hammer and a chisel
and he began to make a hole
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in the door. And when he
did he discovered that inside
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the tomb passage was filled with
rubble except for one corner
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where obviously the tomb robbers
had got in. So the tomb robbers
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had been in there.
How much did they get?
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Did they get everything? Or
did they leave something behind?
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Well, all the rubble was
taken out of that tomb passage
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and then they came to another
door. And then came the exciting
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moment when Carter took
another hammer and chisel and he
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hammered a hole there.
And at last he took a candle,
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put it inside to make
sure there no poisonous gasses
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that were going to asphyxiate
him and then he peered inside.
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There was a silence and a pause
that was deafening and at last
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Carnarvon couldn't bear the
suspense any longer and he said,
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can you say anything? And
Carter whose eyes had now become
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accustomed to the gloom, said,
Yes many wonderful things. And
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that was the
understatement of the century.
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One of the best known items
that was found in this anti-
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chamber was a beautiful throne
of Tutankhamun. On the back of
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that throne is depicted
Tutankhamun with his lovely
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young wife Ankhesenamun offering
incense of perfume to him.
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Then there was this treasure
chest which was beautifully
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inlaid and had a scene on
the side of it of Tutankhamun
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in his war chariot
fighting his enemies.
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And then there was this Anubis,
the jackal or god of the dead,
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a statue of him. Tutankhamun
had a footstool, in fact he had
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two footstools. There was
this one here and then there was
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the other one with two Nubian
heads on it, indicating you know
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that he put his feet on these
Nubian famed Richard Kushites
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There was a beautiful bracelet
with a beetle you know the
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scarab beetle on it and then was
this chess board. You know he
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apparently played sort of a game
like chess. There were these two
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lovely alabaster statues and
his Hathor couch. That means the
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couch on which he used to
lie and it was shaped like the
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goddess Hathor. Now there
these two daggers, one was gold
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and one was iron and of course
of the two, the iron one was the
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more valuable because iron
was more difficult to obtain.
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Beautiful touch pendant
and then the scene of his wife
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and himself in the garden
among all the beautiful flowers.
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And then there was the statue,
an ebony statue sort standing
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guard over the place. There was
his Canopic shrine and the four
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little statues in which the
Canopic contents were placed.
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And then there was the shrine
with the 4 cherubim guarding it,
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And his alabaster cups
and then his inlaid chair,
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beautiful thing, and
this magnificent cup which was
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- it had pictures inside
it. When you put a light inside
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it is just beautiful
shining through the translucent
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alabaster. And Tutankhamun's
golden gods and then this lovely
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pendant that hung around
his neck around his breast, and
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then there was his hippo couch
like a hippopotamus and his
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beautiful alabaster drinking
cup. He had a golden fan.
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There used to be ostrich
feathers out the top of it.
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But of course they have
disintegrated, but the golden
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fan beautifully inscribed has
been left behind. There were two
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chariots there golden plated.
And his Nubian dancing girls.
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And another chair that he had.
And another breast plate of the
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vulture god. There was a
strange little image made of
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solid gold that was actually
his father that is Amenophis III
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Apparently when this idol was
just a boy. How he got in the
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tomb, nobody knows. And
then there were his Canopic urns
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and his headdress, you
know we like a nice soft pillow.
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And in those days they had
a stone for their headrest.
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And here is Tutankhamun's
headdress, made out of ground
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glass sort of stuck together.
Then there was his bracelet.
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also with Scarab beetles
on it and his golden bird
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representing the flight of
his soul. Then there was another
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couch, a golden couch. All
these things and many more,
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more than 2,000 items
were in his outer ante chamber
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and then when Carter broke down
the partition wall and looked
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into his tomb, all he could
see was a solid wall of gold.
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He didn't know what it was at
first. But then he went around
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to the end and opened up
the doors and there inside that
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was another golden box.
Inside that another golden box.
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Inside that another golden
box. Four of them altogether.
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And inside that, there
was the sarcophagus of stone.
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He lifted the lid of that
and inside that was a beautiful
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golden coffin and under the
lid of that was another golden
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coffin and under the lid of
that yet another golden coffin.
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And finally Tutankhamun's
beautiful death mask.
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All of these are just part
of the treasure of Tutankhamun's
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tomb. Well Tutankhamun really
did have a magnificent burial.
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And remember that his tomb
was one of the simplest in the
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valley of the kings. Can
you imagine what the others
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must have been like! Would you
like to have a burial like that?
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Well, Moses could have.
You know the story of Moses?
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Pharaoh's daughter came down
to the river one day and she saw
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a little basket floating among
the reeds. You see Pharaoh had
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made a decree that all the
male babies were to be thrown
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into the river. And this family
had fulfilled the letter of the
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law, but not exactly the spirit.
They had taken the precaution
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first of putting their baby
in a water proof basket before
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they threw him into the river.
And Pharaoh's daughter came
00:14:04.21\00:14:07.36
down there and saw this little
basket with this little baby
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weeping and it touched her
mother's heart. you see she
00:14:11.29\00:14:13.49
didn't have any children
of her own. She was down there
00:14:13.52\00:14:15.74
worshipping the river god,
the fertility god Hapi. And so
00:14:15.77\00:14:20.72
she determined to take
this little baby and make it the
00:14:20.75\00:14:24.38
future heir to the throne of
the Pharaoh. Well, Moses grew up
00:14:24.41\00:14:30.64
in an environment like this,
you know. He could have become
00:14:30.67\00:14:34.19
the Pharaoh. He could have been
a mummy in the Cairo museum.
00:14:34.22\00:14:37.68
He could have been buried in
a royal tomb like Tutankhamun.
00:14:37.71\00:14:41.96
But Moses made a choice. Its
recorded in the book of Hebrews,
00:14:41.99\00:14:46.32
and in chapter 11. It says,
By faith Moses when he became
00:14:46.35\00:14:51.26
of age refused to be called
the son of Pharaoh's daughter.
00:14:51.29\00:14:54.59
Choosing rather to suffer
affliction with the people of
00:14:54.62\00:14:57.34
God than to enjoy the passing
pleasures of sin, esteeming the
00:14:57.37\00:15:02.03
reproach of Christ greater
riches than the treasures
00:15:02.06\00:15:04.50
in Egypt for he
looked to the reward.
00:15:04.53\00:15:07.38
Do you think it
was a good choice?
00:15:07.41\00:15:10.82
We're on top of mount Tabor
and this is the traditional site
00:15:10.85\00:15:16.10
for the transfiguration. In fact
behind me is the church that
00:15:16.13\00:15:21.35
is supposed to mark the
spot where this transfiguration
00:15:21.38\00:15:24.64
took place. And just in case
you're a little rusty on what
00:15:24.67\00:15:28.05
happened up here, let me read
to you from Matthew chapter 17,
00:15:28.08\00:15:31.59
and from verse one onwards,
where it says, Now after 6 days,
00:15:31.62\00:15:36.46
Jesus took Peter, James
and John his brother, brought
00:15:36.49\00:15:40.75
them up on a high
mountain, by themselves and was
00:15:40.78\00:15:43.80
transfigured before them. His
face shone like the sun and his
00:15:43.83\00:15:48.02
clothes became as white as
the light. And behold Moses
00:15:48.05\00:15:51.82
and Elijah appeared
to them talking with him.
00:15:51.85\00:15:55.07
Alright, well now, we are told
here that Moses and Elijah were
00:15:55.10\00:15:59.00
on the mount of Transfiguration
with Jesus. How did they get
00:15:59.27\00:16:02.50
here? No problem about Elijah,
of course, because the biblical
00:16:02.53\00:16:05.53
account tells that Elijah was
taken straight to heaven before
00:16:05.56\00:16:09.47
he died. But haven't' we already
noticed that Moses died and was
00:16:09.50\00:16:13.43
buried on Mount Nebo? Then
how come he is here, Alive?
00:16:13.46\00:16:17.26
There are two verses that I
want to read to you that I think
00:16:17.29\00:16:21.25
are significant in this
connection. The first one is
00:16:21.29\00:16:24.09
in the book of Romans, and
in chapter 5, verse 14. It says,
00:16:24.12\00:16:27.98
Nevertheless death reigned
from Adam to Moses. Alright,
00:16:28.01\00:16:32.81
apparently there was something
happened at the time of Moses
00:16:32.84\00:16:36.42
that ruined the reign of death.
And what was it? I'm turning
00:16:36.45\00:16:42.29
over here to the book of Jude,
the little book of Jude, and
00:16:42.32\00:16:45.33
in verse 9 where it says,
Yet Michael the archangel,
00:16:45.36\00:16:48.70
in contending with the devil,
he disputed about the body of
00:16:48.73\00:16:52.83
Moses. Now there was some
argument about the body of Moses
00:16:52.86\00:16:56.85
and the devil was objecting.
What was it? Up until the time
00:16:56.88\00:17:00.66
of Moses nobody had ever come
back from the dead. Nobody had
00:17:00.69\00:17:05.15
ever risen from the dead, bodily
and when Michael the archangel
00:17:05.18\00:17:09.43
came down to raise Moses from
the dead naturally the devil was
00:17:09.46\00:17:13.52
very upset about it and he
disputed it. But all that God
00:17:13.55\00:17:17.12
said was, The Lord rebuke thee,
Satan. And so apparently Moses
00:17:17.15\00:17:22.25
was raised bodily from the dead.
And so when Jesus Christ stood
00:17:22.28\00:17:26.99
on the mount of transfiguration
Moses and Elijah came down
00:17:27.02\00:17:31.72
and were able to talk
to him on this mountain
00:17:31.75\00:17:34.55
Moses, then was
alive. He's alive today.
00:17:38.30\00:17:41.73
And isn't it a lot better
than being a cold stiff mummy in
00:17:41.76\00:17:47.02
the Cairo Museum? No matter how
fabulous a burial he might have
00:17:47.05\00:17:51.74
had. He could have had all
the riches in the world bestowed
00:17:51.77\00:17:54.95
upon his body, but if he's still
in the Cairo Museum, that's not
00:17:54.98\00:17:58.86
nearly as good as being alive,
Is it? Alive and living forever.
00:17:58.89\00:18:02.57
So Moses made the right
choice, don't you think?
00:18:02.60\00:18:08.15
And everyone of us
will have to make a choice.
00:18:08.18\00:18:11.70
I have to make a choice.
You have to make a choice.
00:18:11.73\00:18:14.61
We've all got to make a choice.
We need to choose to follow
00:18:14.64\00:18:19.72
Christ and believe in Him.
We need to choose to keep His
00:18:19.75\00:18:23.60
true Sabbath Day. We need
to choose to follow His example
00:18:23.63\00:18:28.73
and be baptized. You might say,
Well, is it really necessary?
00:18:28.76\00:18:34.37
Does it really
matter? It certainly does.
00:18:34.40\00:18:38.88
In Hebrews, chapter 10 and in
verse 26, it says, For if we sin
00:18:38.91\00:18:44.95
willfully after we have received
the knowledge of the truth,
00:18:44.98\00:18:47.87
there remains no
longer a sacrifice for sins.
00:18:47.90\00:18:51.58
Well, Christ has made
the sacrifice for our sins.
00:18:51.61\00:18:55.74
But it tells us that if we sin
willfully, that means, if we do
00:18:55.77\00:19:01.16
continue to do something that
we know we should not be doing,
00:19:01.19\00:19:05.22
or continue any course that
is contrary to the word of God,
00:19:05.25\00:19:08.34
when we know that we shouldn't
follow that course, It says,
00:19:08.37\00:19:11.86
Christ's sacrifice
does not avail for us.
00:19:11.89\00:19:13.66
In fact it goes on to say
here in Hebrews, chapter 10,
00:19:13.69\00:19:19.62
Anyone who has rejected
Moses law dies without mercy
00:19:19.65\00:19:23.99
on the testimony of 2 or 3
witnesses. Of how much worse
00:19:24.02\00:19:27.56
punishment do you suppose will
he be thought worthy who has
00:19:27.59\00:19:31.05
trampled the Son of God under
foot and insulted the Spirit
00:19:31.08\00:19:35.10
of grace? You see the Spirit of
grace, God's Spirit, speaks to
00:19:35.13\00:19:38.61
our hearts and tells us,
This is the way. Walk in it.
00:19:38.64\00:19:42.62
Do what is right. Keep God's
commandments. Follow Christ in
00:19:42.65\00:19:45.54
all things. And if we don't
do that, we are really insulting
00:19:45.57\00:19:49.36
the Spirit of grace. Jesus
Christ gave a rather serious
00:19:49.39\00:19:53.90
statement over here in the book
of Matthew and in chapter 12,
00:19:53.93\00:19:59.75
where he says, Therefore I say
to you, Every sin and blasphemy
00:19:59.78\00:20:04.59
will be forgiven men, but
the Blasphemy against the Spirit
00:20:04.62\00:20:07.71
will not be forgiven men.
Its a terrible thing to think
00:20:07.74\00:20:10.15
that there is a sin
that can't be forgiven.
00:20:10.18\00:20:12.30
And what is that sin? It
says, Anyone who speaks a word
00:20:12.33\00:20:17.25
against the Son of man, it will
be forgiven him, but whoever
00:20:17.28\00:20:19.68
speaks against the Holy Spirit
it will not be forgiven him.
00:20:19.71\00:20:22.67
Now how do we commit this
sin against the Holy Spirit?
00:20:22.71\00:20:25.80
Its like Pharaoh, hardening his
heart against the voice of the
00:20:25.83\00:20:29.07
Spirit of God. And if the Spirit
of God is telling you to do
00:20:29.10\00:20:31.90
something, whether it be
to accept Christ or whether
00:20:31.93\00:20:35.19
it be to keep his true
Sabbath day or whether it be to
00:20:35.22\00:20:38.83
be baptized and you say, No,
I'm not going to listen to that
00:20:38.86\00:20:41.99
Spirit, you are then committing
the sin against the Holy Spirit.
00:20:42.02\00:20:47.42
In Proverbs, chapter 14 it says,
verse 12, There is a way which
00:20:47.45\00:20:53.15
seems right to a man but its end
is the way of death. Some people
00:20:53.18\00:20:57.24
think, Well, it seems alright
to me. Don't trust to what seems
00:20:57.27\00:21:02.03
alright. There's only one safe
thing to do and that's, Do what
00:21:02.06\00:21:07.07
the bible tells you to do. Well
when is the right time to make
00:21:07.10\00:21:14.71
such a decision? There's really
only one time. And that's now.
00:21:14.74\00:21:18.97
there's a verse in Isaiah that
says, Seek the Lord while he
00:21:19.00\00:21:24.08
may be found. Call upon him
while he is near. Let the wicked
00:21:24.11\00:21:28.61
forsake his way and the
unrighteous man his thoughts.
00:21:28.64\00:21:31.28
Let him return to the Lord
and he will have mercy on him,
00:21:31.31\00:21:34.48
and to our God for he
will abundantly pardon.
00:21:34.51\00:21:38.34
So there's only one real
time to do it. Make the decision
00:21:38.37\00:21:42.00
now. Its the only safe time
to make it and if you make that
00:21:42.03\00:21:46.07
decision now, there's
one thing I want to tell you.
00:21:46.10\00:21:48.68
The Lord Jesus Christ
is waiting for you now.
00:21:48.71\00:21:54.10
Petra, the rose red
city, half as old time is next
00:21:54.13\00:21:58.03
on our itinerary. The tombs and
temples carved out of the solid
00:21:58.06\00:22:02.11
rock has to be
seen to be believed.
00:22:02.14\00:22:04.25
And Petra was another of those
great cities that was lost and
00:22:04.28\00:22:08.41
only discovered
in the 19th century.
00:22:08.44\00:22:13.90