Participants:
Series Code: CR
Program Code: CR001941S
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00:02 I'm John Carter in Moscow.
00:04 In Havana, Cuba. 00:07 Now in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. 00:10 I'm John Carter in Petra. 00:13 Right here in Communist China. 00:16 Reporting from India. 00:18 Hi, I'm John Carter in the Solomon Islands. 00:21 I'm John Carter in Soweto. 00:24 From El Salvador. 00:26 I'm John Carter in Sydney, Australia. 00:29 Floods, Fires, Hurricanes, 00:31 John Carter will focus today on Climate Change. 00:36 Hello friend, welcome today to the program 00:39 which is on Climate Change. 00:42 We're so glad that you joined us. 00:45 We have a special world famous guest, 00:48 Dr Hugh Ross, 00:50 who was the president of Reasons to Believe. 00:54 Dr Ross is a world famous author 00:58 and he believes that the findings of science 01:02 are compatible with the findings 01:04 of the Holy Scriptures. 01:07 Welcome today to The Carter Report. 01:14 Greater Manila is more than 20 million souls. 01:17 Almost all these beautiful people are ignorant 01:20 of the true Gospel of Christ. 01:22 Manila needs Jesus. 01:24 Thirty five years ago, John Carter came to Manila. 01:27 Pastor Carter is returning to Manila 01:30 with an urgent assignment, preach the Gospel of Christ 01:33 and the great truths of the Bible. 01:35 Don't water down the message. 01:37 Make it plain, make it clear, make it Christ centered. 01:41 The Carter Report needs your help now 01:44 to light a fire in the Philippines. 01:46 Your gift will help open the doors of bondage, 01:49 smash the chains of sin, 01:51 and open the gates of paradise to thousands of lost souls. 01:55 The churches have sent out an urgent plea 01:58 for The Carter Report to return. 02:00 Help us proclaim the true Gospel of Christ 02:03 to the beautiful Filipino people. 02:05 Please send your support to the address on the screen. 02:08 Visit our website or call The Carter Report. 02:14 Welcome today to The Carter Report. 02:16 We have a special guest, 02:18 Dr Hugh Ross from Reasons to Believe. 02:21 And today we're talking about 02:23 what some people would call 02:25 is a controversial subject, Climate Change. 02:29 Stay with us, you're going to enjoy this program. 02:33 Dr. Ross, we are absolutely delighted 02:35 to have you with us here today. 02:37 Well, thank you. 02:38 We've had you with us on our program before 02:41 and we're thrilled that you're here today 02:45 because you have so much information. 02:51 You are an astronomer and an astrophysicist. 02:56 You've just written a book on climate change. 02:58 I've read it through. 03:01 Absolutely stirred up the molecules in my mind. 03:05 Some young people are terrified that 03:07 they're not going to get to old age, 03:09 that the world might come to an end 03:12 because of climate change within 10 years. 03:17 How would you comment? 03:18 I don't know of any climatologist 03:20 that says that, you know, 03:22 Armageddon's happening in 10 years. 03:24 Some are saying by 2050. Mm-Hmm. 03:26 So you know 30 years. Yes. 03:29 That's I would call a worst case scenario. 03:31 What I've written in my book, 03:32 there are things we can do to continue 03:36 the amazing stability of our climate 03:38 that we've enjoyed for the past 9,500 years, 03:42 for more than a millennium. 03:44 Probably not two millennium but at least another millennium 03:47 and we can do it without killing our economy. 03:50 In fact we can do it while we enhance our economy. 03:53 And mainly I'm writing the book to take the controversy 03:56 and the politics out of this climate change issue. 04:00 It's true, is it not 04:03 that climate change has become politicized? 04:07 Oh, very much politicized. 04:09 And so it's hard to have a rational debate 04:11 in some circles about climate change. 04:15 Well, the reason it's gotten politicized, 04:17 you got one side saying, 04:19 we have to do something to restore the climate 04:22 to what we've enjoyed for the past 9,500 years. 04:26 But we need to do it by 04:28 making draconian economic adjustments. 04:31 And then you got the other side saying 04:33 that will never work. 04:35 Trying to persuade people to lower their standard 04:37 of living by a factor of 2, 3, or 4. 04:40 That's a hard sell, 04:41 and so they're basically saying, 04:43 maybe the climate change is not as bigger problem 04:46 as they think 04:47 and what we're basically proposing 04:49 it reasons to believe. 04:51 There are ways to stabilize the climate 04:53 that boosts the economy. 04:55 We don't have to have draconian economic sacrifices. 04:59 I'd like to say a few words to my audience today, Dr. Ross. 05:04 Good men and good women can disagree 05:09 without becoming disagreeable. 05:11 Definitely. Isn't this true? 05:13 That's a Christian virtue. 05:14 Yeah, yeah, yes, so whatever happened 05:16 we say to some people, 05:18 whatever happened to their Christian faith? 05:20 If we can't discuss controversial issues 05:24 and love each other, 05:26 there's something very wrong 05:27 with our so called Christianity. 05:29 Well, people need to realize non-Christians watch 05:32 how we treat one another. 05:34 Especially how we treat one another on issues 05:37 where we sharply disagree. 05:39 If they see that 05:40 we can disagree in a charitable, 05:42 encouraging way. 05:43 Then they're going to be 05:45 willing to trust us to deal with their issues. 05:47 So I think we all need to be aware, 05:48 we are being watched. 05:52 Today, in North America, 05:54 I think you'd agree with me on this, 05:56 the whole country seems to be polarized. 05:58 Yes. 06:00 And there's so much hate speech 06:02 and if a person disagrees with you, 06:05 he just doesn't disagree with you, 06:07 he's gotta be your enemy. 06:09 Well, it's not just America, 06:10 I see that as a worldwide phenomenon. 06:12 This is true. 06:13 And climate change seems to be 06:15 the issue in which you get the greatest, 06:17 you know, vilification. 06:18 Greatest polarization. Exactly. 06:20 And so if a person thinks this, 06:22 he's one of the baddies and if he thinks this, 06:25 he's one of the baddies. 06:27 We can't, many people find it 06:29 very, very hard to listen to the other person 06:33 and to think rationally. 06:35 Well, I've written this book Weather and Climate Change 06:37 basically to make the point... 06:39 It's a great book. Thank you. 06:41 ..That none of this is necessary, 06:43 we can take the controversy out, 06:45 we can take the politics out, 06:47 simply by looking at the creative solutions 06:50 whereby we can manage the planet for our benefit, 06:53 the benefit of all life, same time boost our economy, 06:57 who's not gonna like it? It's win-win-win. 07:00 Now, what is the consensus? 07:03 Now, you're a world famous scientist, 07:06 what is the consensus of the scientific community 07:10 concerning climate change and global warming? 07:13 Is there a consensus? 07:14 There is a growing consensus. 07:16 It's relatively recent. 07:18 I mean, I waited to write this book 07:19 until the research reached that point, 07:22 but the consensus now is that from 07:25 9,500 years up until the year 1900, 07:29 the global mean temperature was extremely stable, 07:33 varying by no more than plus or minus 07:35 0.65 degrees centigrade. 07:38 And it gradually declined over that period 07:41 by one degree centigrade. 07:43 Where there is also a consensus, 07:45 in the last 70 years, 07:47 it's gone up by one degree centigrade. 07:49 So now the planet is just as warm as it was 07:53 9,000 years ago. 07:55 And now, this is what the scientific world is saying. 07:58 It is. 08:00 And there is no dispute over this because, 08:01 you know, we've got excellent measurements 08:04 of the temperatures. 08:05 There's no dispute over this. 08:07 That's the one part that's not disputed is that 08:09 we've had this long, 08:11 stable period where the temperature declined 08:14 by only one degree 08:15 and over the last 70 years, that's gone up. 08:19 And that's what causing the alarm, 08:20 is the fact that in just 70 years, 08:23 we've reversed 9,500 years 08:26 of temperature decline. 08:31 Let me ask you this question. 08:35 This is a rather difficult question. 08:39 I've been told that scientists on occasions 08:42 have falsified the evidence 08:44 to make a case for global warming. 08:47 I've read this, you know, I get this literature 08:50 and it's rather derogatory 08:53 of the scientific community, 08:57 but it says that there's clear evidence that 08:59 there are scientists who have made up the facts 09:04 or I'll say have perverted certain ideas. 09:09 They've had an... 09:10 In other words, they've had an axe to grind. 09:13 Well, I think they have a point 09:16 that these scientists do have an axe to grind 09:18 but there is zero evidence that 09:20 they ever tampered with or manipulated the data. 09:23 This controversy all came out from Britain, 09:26 where some climatologists were commenting on the data 09:30 and what we should do about the data that we see. 09:33 But there's been eight independent studies about 09:36 whether there was any manipulation of the data 09:39 and all eight studies have said no, 09:41 there's been no manipulation of the data. 09:44 But, yeah, scientists were saying 09:46 things they probably shouldn't have said 09:47 to one another that became public. 09:50 But you know scientists are humans. 09:51 Yeah, of course, they are, they're humans 09:53 the same as we are with, with prejudice, and pride, 09:56 and everything else 09:58 because we are sinful human beings. 10:01 Now I have been interviewing you 10:03 for a number of years 10:05 and you've been a tremendous blessing to me 10:08 and to our ministry. 10:10 You are a committed Christian. Yes. 10:13 And you believe in the Holy Scriptures. 10:14 Yes. 10:16 And you believe, now this is really 10:19 the core of your organization. 10:21 You believe that the findings of science, 10:27 true science uphold the teachings of the Bible. 10:30 Correct. 10:32 Because of what you call this, this fine tuning thing. 10:36 Well, that's the main thing 10:38 I'm trying to get across in this book, 10:40 Weather and Climate Change, 10:42 is that climate instability is the norm. 10:46 What we've had for the past 9,500 years 10:49 is the exception. 10:51 In fact we've never had an ice age cycle, 10:54 where we've had extreme climate stability 10:57 and mainly what I write about in the book 10:58 is all the amazing fine tuning 11:01 that must take place 11:03 over the long history of the earth, 11:05 to open up this tiny window just 9,500 years wide 11:09 where we got this extreme climate stability. 11:12 Let me ask you this. 11:14 As an astronomer, 11:16 you worked also at Caltech, didn't you? 11:18 Yes. 11:19 Yeah, quite an amazing experience. 11:21 Some say it's the, 11:22 easily one of the greatest universities in the world. 11:25 Well, for astrophysics it ranks number one. 11:27 Number one? Yeah. Yeah. 11:29 I read in USA News & World Report that is, 11:33 in one year at least, it was number one university 11:35 in the United States. 11:37 Well, it's the only university 11:38 where they got more professors than students. 11:43 You're kidding. I'm not kidding. 11:44 They've got more professors than students at Caltech? 11:47 Well, if you include all the research fellows 11:49 that are there, 11:51 that also help with the teaching, 11:52 Yes, it's got more professors than students, 11:55 2,000 faculty, 1,400 students. 11:57 Yeah, and now, 11:58 I'm getting a little off the subject, 12:00 but you've got a son who's going to Loma Linda. 12:02 Yes. What's he doing there? 12:04 Well, he's getting a doctoral degree 12:06 in Clinical Neuropsychology. 12:09 And how's he finding Loma Linda? 12:10 Oh, he loves Loma Linda. 12:12 Loves attending the lectures there, 12:14 loves the fact that he can integrate both 12:16 his research in neuroscience and the clinical work. 12:19 He says, you know, 12:20 I want this to apply to real people, so. 12:24 Now, scientists say that the earth has had a, 12:29 this period and people would debate it I'm sure, 12:33 at least among some conservative Christians 12:37 about the age of this period of stability. 12:40 But there have been periods of hot and cold. 12:46 Well, what I wrote about in a previous book, 12:48 this one, 'Improbable Planet'. 12:50 The only way you can have 12:52 billions of human beings on planet earth 12:54 is if we live in an ice age cycle. 12:57 Where we go from say 20-23% ice coverage 13:02 and then transition to a period of only 10% 13:05 and we've had over 40 of those cycles 13:08 in the past recent history of the earth. 13:11 And you need that in order to have enough water 13:14 to irrigate the great agricultural plains. 13:17 We're living off the benefit of ice leftover 13:20 from the last ice age, 13:22 melting and watering our great agricultural plains. 13:25 How do scientists like you know 13:28 that we've had periods of hot and cold for, 13:31 you know, so many years? 13:33 How do they know this, what proof? 13:35 Well, probably the best evidence is ice cores 13:38 in Central Greenland, 13:41 Central Antarctica and in the Alps. 13:43 Tell me about these ice cores? 13:45 Well, it's kinda like tree rings. 13:47 I mean every year you get a layer of ice, 13:49 and in that layer you'll have different isotopes. 13:54 Probably the ones that are most significant 13:56 are the isotopes of oxygen. 13:58 Tell me about isotopes? What are isotopes? 14:00 Well, they're different atomic weights of an element 14:04 like oxygen has got three significant isotopes, 14:08 oxygen 16, 17, and 18. 14:12 And the ratio of oxygen 18 to 16 in the atmosphere 14:16 is strongly correlated with temperature. 14:19 And so by measuring the oxygen 18 to 16 ratio 14:24 in these different layers of ice 14:26 that we see gives us an accurate record 14:29 of the past temperature of the earth. 14:30 So they get these samples of ice. 14:34 They drill down and they get... 14:35 They just drill down through all the layers, 14:38 and they got proof that the layers are annual layers 14:41 because these layers will have the dust signatures 14:45 of known volcanic eruptions in recorded history. 14:48 So they can count the number of layers 14:50 and indeed they are annual layers. 14:52 So this, this is the discovery of truth. 14:57 Now Christians like you and like me, 15:02 we should believe very much in truth 15:05 because Jesus said, "You'll know the truth, 15:08 and the truth will make you free." 15:09 We should... Right. 15:11 I wanna say to the audience watching today, 15:12 we don't need to be afraid of the truth 15:15 because truth is liberating and if we follow Jesus Christ 15:20 we'll be adherence of the truth. 15:22 And so they put down these, how do they get the ice out? 15:27 Well, they just drill through, 15:29 you know, literally hundreds of thousands of layers of ice. 15:32 Goodness. 15:34 And then they pull the core out 15:35 and then they take the core to a laboratory 15:37 and they analyze each year represented. 15:41 So it appears from these layers, 15:45 it appears that there has been a hot age 15:49 and then a glacial age? 15:50 Right. 15:52 And so we have been living in a period of stability 15:57 that has been the best 15:59 for the development of civilization? 16:02 Well, in the entire ice age cycle 16:04 there is only one interglacial 16:06 where you got climate stability. 16:08 And that's the one we're in right now. 16:11 And when you speak about fine tuning, 16:12 you're an expert 16:14 on the fine tuning of the universe. 16:16 When I heard this, it just about blew me away 16:18 because how can a person see this fine tuning 16:23 and not believe in a fine tuner. 16:25 Right. 16:27 Tell me about, 16:28 we're getting a little bit off this subject 16:29 but we're not, tell me a little bit about 16:31 the fine tuning that is found out in the cosmos, 16:34 in the universe? 16:35 Well, that's where it was first noticed by my peers, 16:38 going back even 50, 60 years. 16:41 Then we look at the universe, number one we see, 16:43 the universe must be exactly the size 16:46 and the mass that it is to get even one planet 16:49 on which life is possible. 16:50 The whole universe exists to make earth possible. 16:53 This is almost overwhelming. 16:57 It's almost too hard to believe but it is, it's true, isn't it? 17:00 It is. 17:02 And then tell me about the fine tuning, 17:03 I've read most of your books and they're great books. 17:09 Tell me about the fine tuning of gravity 17:13 and dark matter and dark energy and all this stuff? 17:16 Well, what we're writing about in our most recent books 17:19 is the fact that the fine tuning is ubiquitous. 17:22 Literally every event in the history 17:24 of the universe, earth, and earth's life 17:26 and every component of the universe, 17:28 earth and earth's life makes possible 17:31 the existence of billions of human beings 17:34 in a narrow time window here on planet earth. 17:37 As you see in the Bible, 17:39 God begins His work 17:40 of redemption before He creates anything. 17:44 And what we're discovering 17:45 in our scientific team at Reasons to Believe. 17:48 Everything we see in nature 17:49 serves a purpose in making possible 17:52 the redemption of billions of human beings. 17:54 It's not just the universe. 17:55 It's the earth, it's every species of life 17:58 that has existed on the earth, every event. 18:01 I mean that's kinda what I'm writing 18:02 in Weather and Climate Change. 18:04 Every event in the history of the earth 18:07 plays a role in opening up 18:09 this extraordinary window 18:11 in which billions of us can exist. 18:13 I wanna interrupt just for a moment 18:16 to talk to the audience 18:17 because I want them to listen to this. 18:20 Everything in the universe, 18:24 gravity, dark matter, 18:26 dark energy, it's all fine tuned 18:28 to a trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth. 18:31 Well, change any of the laws of physics. 18:33 Any of the constants that govern the laws of physics 18:36 by something as small as one part 18:38 in a quadrillion quadrillion quadrillion quadrillion, 18:41 you and I wouldn't be here, 18:43 there wouldn't be any life anywhere in the universe. 18:46 Moreover everything we see for example, 18:49 every planet in our solar system 18:51 must be in the position, 18:52 the orbit and the mass 18:54 that it is to make advanced civilization 18:56 possible here on earth. 18:58 Be kind to me. 19:01 How can a person, how can a person be rational 19:06 and see that you've got so much fine tuning, 19:08 not only on this planet but out in the universe. 19:11 At the commencement of the universe, 19:14 the moment when creation occurred 19:17 and then you've got a trillion things happening 19:20 and they're fine tuned to a trillionth of a trillionth 19:23 of a trillionth of a trillionth. 19:24 Be kind to me, how can a person see this 19:28 and deny the biblical truth that in the beginning 19:32 God created the heavens and the earth. 19:33 Well, what's changed in scientific academia 19:36 is hyper specialization, 19:38 where 300 years ago 19:40 we had research scientists that were integrating 19:43 all the scientific disciplines, 19:45 now in order to be able to compete, 19:47 you have to narrowly focus. 19:49 When I was at Caltech, I only had time 19:51 to research and study what was going on 19:54 in high frequency radio astronomy. 19:56 So you don't get the big picture? 19:57 You don't get the big picture, 19:59 now you do see fine tuning in your narrow sub-discipline 20:02 but a lot of my scientist peers say, 20:04 well, it's in my narrow sub discipline 20:06 but I don't think it's anywhere else. 20:08 They haven't looked. 20:10 And that's why we pull scientists 20:12 out of academia 20:13 and give them the freedom 20:15 to do interdisciplinary research 20:17 and show people, scientists included, 20:20 this big picture, the fine tuning is everywhere. 20:24 And it's all focused 20:25 on enabling billions of human beings 20:28 to hear, understand, 20:30 and respond to the gospel message. 20:31 And so, Dr. Ross, 20:32 the fine tuning of the universe, 20:35 in a billion different ways out there in space 20:40 and the fine tuning that is found on planet earth, 20:44 it seems to me to be overwhelming evidence 20:48 that there must be fine tuner. 20:50 It is, that's one reason on our website, 20:53 reason.org/finetuning, you'll find a 300 page 20:58 compendium listing just a tiny fraction 21:01 of the fine tuning evidence, 21:03 but we wanted people to see you know, 21:05 it's not just four or five factors, 21:08 there's thousands of factors that had to be fine tuned. 21:10 So belief in God is not 21:14 an existential leap into the dark? 21:17 It's not blind faith? 21:19 It's not but you got to look at the evidence yourself. 21:22 So your faith is based on an intelligent evidence? 21:27 Right, as the Bible encourages that it must be. 21:29 A lot of people don't understand this 21:31 or believe this. 21:32 Well, I mean the whole Christian faith 21:34 is found on the fact that God's revealed truth 21:37 through two books, The Book of Nature 21:39 and The Book of Scripture. 21:41 But not all Christians believe this. 21:42 I heard a young guy in a big youth congress 21:46 get up and say, 21:47 I believe in the resurrection just because of faith. 21:52 What's your evidence? 21:53 He said, "I don't need any evidence." 21:55 That to me is a terrible staple 21:58 of anti-intellectualism. 22:01 Well, it's also a violation 22:03 of what the Bible is saying about faith. 22:05 If you look up the Greek and Hebrew words for faith 22:08 that are used in the Bible, they all have the definition, 22:11 "Acting upon established truth." 22:15 You don't have faith if you've taken no efforts 22:17 to establish whether or not it's true. 22:19 You also have no faith if you don't act on 22:21 what you know is true. 22:22 So faith is acting upon established truths? 22:24 Established truths. Right. 22:26 Did you hear that, folks, 22:27 faith is acting upon established truths. 22:31 So faith does not supersede truth. 22:34 Faith is based upon truth. Exactly. 22:36 And therefore when you do 22:38 and other scientists do scientific work, 22:44 the aim is to discover truths, 22:49 whether it's truth about global warming 22:51 or the melting of the Antarctic 22:54 or the Arctic or whatever it is, 22:56 it must in be harmony with the statement of Jesus 22:58 who said, "You will know the truth, 23:01 and the truth will make you free." 23:04 Let me ask you this question. 23:07 Are the glaciers melting? 23:09 I was sent an article from Australia not long ago, 23:12 I don't know if I've got it here, 23:14 I can remember it anyhow 23:16 and it said that all this business 23:18 that we've been told, 23:20 that the glaciers are melting down 23:24 in the Antarctic is not true and that the story 23:28 of the canary in the mine 23:31 which is a warning of some impending disaster. 23:35 All of this is basically hocus-pocus. 23:39 Well, there is some validity to that. 23:41 It's not yet known whether or not the ice in Antarctica 23:44 is accumulating or decreasing. 23:46 It's so... It may in fact be accumulating. 23:49 That's still being researched. 23:51 What is well known is that the ice in North America 23:54 and in Greenland is rapidly declining. 23:56 Let's talk about stuff down on the Antarctic. 24:00 So it's certainly not an established truth that... 24:04 Well, we don't have the extensive data 24:06 on the Antarctic that we do in the northern hemisphere. 24:09 Why not? 24:10 Just because we don't have enough stations there. 24:13 Yeah. It hasn't been done. 24:14 Well, lot's been done now, 24:16 means lot of the satellite imagery 24:18 and so we know that, 24:20 you know that huge ice fields 24:21 are carving off of Antarctica and melting 24:24 but evidently new ice is forming. 24:27 There is attempts to try 24:28 and measure just what the precipitation rate is. 24:31 But where we have much more solid data 24:34 is what's happening in Canada, Alaska, 24:36 and Greenland. 24:38 And there, there's really no dispute. 24:41 The glaciers there are declining 24:43 and they're declining quite rapidly. 24:45 And as I've written in my book, 24:47 this could actually bring on the next ice age. 24:50 So... 24:51 Let's take this one step at a time 24:53 so I'm not overwhelmed with factual evidence 24:57 and so that my wonderful audience 24:59 can also keep up. 25:01 So there's, we don't know exactly 25:03 what's happening down South in the Antarctic. 25:06 The evidence is not in. 25:08 But certainly the evidence is in for Canada and Greenland 25:14 and the Arctic. 25:15 What's happening in Canada...? You're a Canadian. 25:18 Well, Canada is experiencing global warming 25:21 to a greater degree than anywhere else in the world 25:23 and incidentally there are some places 25:25 getting colder. 25:27 But Canada's definitely getting warmer. 25:29 In fact global warming in Canada is about 5 times 25:32 the global average. 25:33 Why is this? 25:35 Well, I mean, we talk about the global mean temperature, 25:37 that's averaging over the entire planet. 25:39 Yes. 25:41 And we would expect in a global warming model, 25:43 certain parts of the world are gonna get colder, 25:45 like Eastern Europe, other parts like Canada 25:48 are gonna get warmer and so it's the average 25:52 that where we talk about the fact, 25:54 average over the whole planet where it got about 25:56 a one degree centigrade increase. 25:58 Yes. 25:59 So tell me specifically about 26:02 some of the things that are happening in Canada? 26:05 Well... Which is a beautiful place. 26:07 Yeah, I love it. It's a beautiful place but... 26:10 Nice people. Very polite. 26:13 Yeah. 26:14 But what we've seen in the ice age, 26:17 the ice cores in Greenland and Antarctica, 26:21 is that every time we get a warming 26:23 to an interglacial like we've had 26:25 for the past 10,000 years. 26:27 Typically what happens is that 26:29 the temperature rises sharply 26:31 to about two to three degree centigrade 26:33 above where we are now 26:35 and then we get a rapid temperature drop 26:38 where you go into a long ice age. 26:40 We now understand why that happens. 26:43 It happens because as the temperature peaks 26:45 above where it is now, it melts the polar ice cap. 26:50 Now the polar ice caps reflects sunlight 26:53 with about 60% efficiency, 26:55 but when it melts, 26:57 that open liquid ocean water in the Arctic reflects sunlight 27:01 with only 6% efficiency. 27:03 Well, then it should get hotter, shouldn't it? 27:04 But what happens is, 27:06 it evaporates that open Arctic Ocean water. 27:09 Now you got more water vapor above the Arctic, 27:12 and that causes snow to fall on Siberia and Canada 27:17 and that's what brings on the next ice age. 27:20 And so global warming actually has the risk 27:23 that if you allow the global warming 27:24 to persist to about two degree centigrade 27:27 above where we are now, 27:29 you could melt the polar ice cap, 27:31 and drop the temperature by 10-15 degrees. 27:34 Now, Dr Ross, we're gonna continue this 27:36 in the next session. 27:37 We're talking about global warming, 27:41 and we're going to talk in the next segment 27:43 about a Bible prophecy that maybe alludes 27:47 to man's interference with the laws of nature. 27:52 You're watching The Carter Report 27:54 and my guest today is 27:56 world famous scientist Dr. Hugh Ross. 28:01 Stay with us, we're gonna have another part 28:03 of this tremendous program, and we will be back soon. 28:20 For a copy of today's program, please contact us 28:24 at P.O. 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Revised 2020-02-21