From Arcadia, California,
the Carter report presents
00:00:08.11\00:00:11.20
"The Living
Word" around the world.
00:00:11.23\00:00:15.27
Hello friend, my
name is John Carter.
00:00:18.41\00:00:21.83
Welcome to the Carter Report.
00:00:21.86\00:00:23.70
We have a great program today
00:00:23.73\00:00:26.06
with my friend
Dr. Randy Younker,
00:00:26.09\00:00:29.51
the Director of the
Institute of Archeology
00:00:29.54\00:00:33.31
at Andrews University.
00:00:33.34\00:00:35.22
There have been
new discoveries made
00:00:35.25\00:00:37.68
and we're going to ask
and answer the question.
00:00:37.71\00:00:42.49
Can a thinking scientist
really believe the Bible?
00:00:42.52\00:00:46.40
Stay with us.
00:00:46.43\00:00:48.11
Jesus said "Go
into all the world
00:00:50.27\00:00:52.55
and make
disciples of all nations,
00:00:52.58\00:00:54.94
baptizing them in
the name of the Father,
00:00:54.97\00:00:56.98
Son and Holy Spirit."
00:00:57.01\00:00:58.83
The Carter Report
team has therefore accepted
00:00:58.86\00:01:01.95
the challenge of
worldwide evangelism.
00:01:01.98\00:01:04.25
Millions, in Russia, Ukraine,
the Philippines, Africa,
00:01:04.28\00:01:08.30
India,
Australia, the United States
00:01:08.33\00:01:11.49
and the isles of the sea have
heard the good news of Christ.
00:01:11.52\00:01:15.54
As John Carter has
proclaimed God's Living Word,
00:01:15.57\00:01:18.91
you're invited to be a
part of the Carter Team,
00:01:18.94\00:01:22.15
by praying and by giving
and when God calls by going.
00:01:22.18\00:01:26.65
Write a note now to
Pastor John Carter, PO Box 1900,
00:01:26.68\00:01:31.66
Thousand Oaks,
California, 91358.
00:01:31.69\00:01:35.87
Or to PO Box 861,
Terrigal, NSW 2260, Australia.
00:01:35.90\00:01:43.85
Jesus said, "With God
all things are possible."
00:01:43.88\00:01:49.60
Doctor Younker, we're
delighted to welcome you here
00:01:51.55\00:01:54.06
to beautiful
Southern California.
00:01:54.09\00:01:56.58
And Pastor Carter,
it's great to be back here.
00:01:56.61\00:01:58.10
I'm enjoying the weather a lot.
00:01:58.13\00:01:59.39
Yeah, you told me
that was one of the reasons
00:01:59.42\00:02:01.08
you came to get out of Michigan.
00:02:01.11\00:02:02.49
Absolutely, any invitation
00:02:02.52\00:02:03.89
at this time of the
year will be welcomed.
00:02:03.92\00:02:05.69
How is Michigan at this
time of the year normally?
00:02:05.72\00:02:08.17
Actually, we
usually have a lot of snow
00:02:08.20\00:02:10.10
but this year we're
having a mild winter
00:02:10.13\00:02:11.82
and so we're enjoying that.
00:02:11.85\00:02:12.91
I'm not having
to shovel so much.
00:02:12.94\00:02:14.24
But today, in
the middle of winter
00:02:14.27\00:02:16.55
in Southern California
it's around 80 degrees.
00:02:16.58\00:02:19.71
80, well this is
little unusual. Yes.
00:02:19.74\00:02:23.20
We often have snow on
the mountains back here,
00:02:23.23\00:02:25.19
you know, behind our church.
00:02:25.22\00:02:26.64
Yeah, so I'm concerned about
water for the future I bet.
00:02:26.67\00:02:28.59
Yeah, that's a
little bit of a problem.
00:02:28.62\00:02:31.82
Minimalists,
who are minimalists?
00:02:31.85\00:02:34.79
Oh, within biblical studies
00:02:34.82\00:02:36.27
minimalist are a
group of scholars.
00:02:36.30\00:02:38.05
It's a movement
that's been growing over
00:02:38.08\00:02:39.42
the last couple of
decades just about now.
00:02:39.45\00:02:42.60
They believe that very little,
00:02:42.63\00:02:44.41
a minimal amount
of the Bible story,
00:02:44.44\00:02:47.42
particularly the Old Testament
00:02:47.45\00:02:48.48
is historically reliable
or historically accurate.
00:02:48.51\00:02:51.73
So they don't
really take this book
00:02:51.76\00:02:53.37
as the inherent
Word of God, do they?
00:02:53.40\00:02:57.17
Oh, absolutely not. No.
00:02:57.20\00:02:58.24
For them most of the
Bible is sort of a pious fraud
00:02:58.27\00:03:01.12
that coined in
earlier 19th century.
00:03:01.15\00:03:02.79
Critic says, is a pious fraud
00:03:02.82\00:03:03.94
and most of it
was not written until
00:03:03.97\00:03:05.70
well, after the Persian period,
00:03:05.73\00:03:07.21
maybe even at the Greek period.
00:03:07.24\00:03:08.46
So the Bible is
composed very, very late
00:03:08.49\00:03:10.42
according to the minimalist.
00:03:10.45\00:03:11.48
And it's full of
mistakes. Full of mistakes.
00:03:11.51\00:03:13.41
A lot of it is
just contrived history.
00:03:13.44\00:03:15.73
And there is no contemporary
witness to the people
00:03:15.76\00:03:18.86
or the events of
the Bible describes
00:03:18.89\00:03:20.21
according to the minimalist.
00:03:20.24\00:03:21.27
So the Bible really isn't
00:03:21.30\00:03:22.33
an accurate
account of ancient history.
00:03:22.36\00:03:25.03
Oh, where did you
do your doctorate?
00:03:25.06\00:03:27.19
I did my work at the
University of Arizona.
00:03:27.22\00:03:30.12
Who is the professor?
00:03:30.15\00:03:31.18
Our Professor William Dever,
00:03:31.21\00:03:32.40
he is well known in
Syro-Palestinian archaeology.
00:03:32.43\00:03:34.63
Yes, indeed.
00:03:34.66\00:03:35.69
Now as a qualified archeologist
00:03:35.72\00:03:40.58
what is your considered
opinion of the scriptures?
00:03:40.61\00:03:43.58
What would you say
to our young person
00:03:43.61\00:03:46.12
who is being bombarded
by atheism and gnosticism?
00:03:46.15\00:03:50.86
What would you say?
00:03:50.89\00:03:51.92
Can a thinking
person believe the Bible?
00:03:51.95\00:03:55.34
Well, I think they can.
00:03:55.37\00:03:56.92
You know the interesting
thing among archeologists,
00:03:56.95\00:03:59.44
minimalism doesn't
have that much of an impact.
00:03:59.47\00:04:01.89
The people who
are actually out there
00:04:01.92\00:04:03.51
working with the artifacts
00:04:03.54\00:04:05.12
that are they're
excavating out of the ground,
00:04:05.15\00:04:06.50
who are studying
the ancient manuscripts,
00:04:06.53\00:04:08.30
they tend to have a
higher degree of confidence
00:04:08.33\00:04:10.61
in the basic
historicity of the Bible.
00:04:10.64\00:04:12.90
So I'm of course a
professing Christian,
00:04:12.93\00:04:15.32
I have a great
confidence in the Bible
00:04:15.35\00:04:16.85
not just as a historical
source but as the Word of God.
00:04:16.88\00:04:19.70
But even my colleagues
00:04:19.73\00:04:21.01
who don't believe in
the Bible as a Word of God,
00:04:21.04\00:04:22.98
recognize that much
of the historical events
00:04:23.01\00:04:25.54
that people that
are talked about--
00:04:25.57\00:04:27.45
they really were people
who existed in the history
00:04:27.48\00:04:29.83
and that the
events that are discussed,
00:04:29.86\00:04:31.34
the conquest of
Jerusalem for example.
00:04:31.37\00:04:33.58
These are events
that really happened.
00:04:33.61\00:04:34.94
And so among archeologists
00:04:34.97\00:04:36.65
it's actually a fairly
high degree of confidence
00:04:36.68\00:04:39.25
in the basic
historical storyline.
00:04:39.28\00:04:41.82
Tell me about the discovery
of the camels that you made.
00:04:41.85\00:04:45.43
Well, I can remember when
I was in graduate school--
00:04:45.46\00:04:48.13
my master's degree
here in California actually.
00:04:48.16\00:04:50.57
One of my professors
said, one of the reasons
00:04:50.60\00:04:52.94
that we know that the Bible
is not historically accurate,
00:04:52.97\00:04:55.77
it's full of anachronisms,
things that just don't fit there
00:04:55.80\00:04:58.67
the time period
the Bible discusses
00:04:58.70\00:05:00.41
and this Exhibit A, I remember
00:05:00.44\00:05:02.01
when we were in the
class was the Bible says
00:05:02.04\00:05:04.17
in the time of the
patriarchs there were camels.
00:05:04.20\00:05:06.66
And we know that camels were
not domesticated until you know,
00:05:06.69\00:05:09.86
centuries after the time
of Abraham or the patriarchs,
00:05:09.89\00:05:12.25
maybe in the time of
the David or even later.
00:05:12.28\00:05:14.38
And my discovery was when I was
in the area north of Mount Sinai
00:05:14.41\00:05:18.77
a number of years
ago with some colleagues.
00:05:18.80\00:05:20.94
We were actually looking
for some ancient inscriptions
00:05:20.97\00:05:23.67
that are called
Proto-Sinaitic inscriptions.
00:05:23.70\00:05:25.54
So you're down in the
Sinai. So we're in Sinai.
00:05:25.57\00:05:27.45
We're at the
traditional St. Catherine's--
00:05:27.48\00:05:29.36
the traditional Mount of Sinai.
00:05:29.39\00:05:30.95
This is the great
part of the world.
00:05:30.98\00:05:32.34
Well, it is a
wonderful part of the world.
00:05:32.37\00:05:33.93
You like it there. Ah,
when I have lots of water.
00:05:33.96\00:05:36.80
Yes, it's a hot warm
place but it's beautiful.
00:05:36.83\00:05:39.27
But the Bible land is
getting you blot down.
00:05:39.30\00:05:41.06
Oh, of course, yeah,
00:05:41.09\00:05:42.12
there is sort of we described
it has a romantic feeling.
00:05:42.15\00:05:45.61
not the sense of
romance but to say.
00:05:45.64\00:05:47.32
But it's just
this feeling of emotion
00:05:47.35\00:05:49.15
the grandeur of the Mount
of Sinai are very impressive.
00:05:49.18\00:05:51.92
So we're in that
very region, right
00:05:51.95\00:05:53.11
where the
mountains are the biggest
00:05:53.14\00:05:54.39
where many people believe
the tradition Mount Sinai
00:05:54.42\00:05:57.23
reflects the story of
the Moses and Israelites.
00:05:57.26\00:06:00.31
And as we're driving
looking for his inscriptions,
00:06:00.34\00:06:02.40
we had actually parked our jeeps
00:06:02.43\00:06:03.77
and we climbed up to this
pass in these granite mountains
00:06:03.80\00:06:08.24
and we found the inscriptions
we were looking for--
00:06:08.27\00:06:10.53
real examples of
alphabetic writings.
00:06:10.56\00:06:12.83
That itself was interesting
because many people say,
00:06:12.86\00:06:15.83
"Moses could not
have written the Bible
00:06:15.86\00:06:17.24
because the alphabet
hadn't been invented yet
00:06:17.27\00:06:19.45
In the time of Moses
00:06:19.48\00:06:20.51
and so this is a little
piece of light on that issue
00:06:20.54\00:06:23.37
but while we were looking at
these really alphabetic scripts.
00:06:23.40\00:06:25.79
Before yougo on, what
are these scripts like?
00:06:25.82\00:06:27.79
What are they look like?
00:06:27.82\00:06:28.85
Well, they kind of for example
the equivalent of the letter 'A'
00:06:28.88\00:06:32.62
or alpha that
looks like an ox's head,
00:06:32.65\00:06:36.66
kind of like a triangle with
a couple of horns sticking out.
00:06:36.69\00:06:39.30
And if you look at the
evolution of that letter
00:06:39.33\00:06:42.06
or through literally centuries,
00:06:42.09\00:06:43.41
it turns into our
modern letter 'A'.
00:06:43.44\00:06:45.70
And the Hebrews adapted it also,
00:06:45.73\00:06:47.45
it became the first
letter of their alphabet.
00:06:47.48\00:06:50.04
So we were looking for the--
00:06:50.07\00:06:51.10
they kind of
look like the animals.
00:06:51.13\00:06:52.16
The 'B' looks like a
house, it's just a square box.
00:06:52.19\00:06:54.88
And that would
become the 'B' for a beth,
00:06:54.91\00:06:57.41
that's the
Hebrew word for house.
00:06:57.44\00:06:58.65
So we found these
early inscriptions
00:06:58.68\00:07:01.69
and I was showing
them to my students
00:07:01.72\00:07:03.14
but just a few meters away
00:07:03.17\00:07:04.95
this had not been reported
in scholarly literature,
00:07:04.98\00:07:07.09
I found a petroglyph.
00:07:07.12\00:07:09.57
A petroglyph is
where an ancient person
00:07:09.60\00:07:11.42
took some sharp object
and they carved something
00:07:11.45\00:07:13.60
on to the rock on
to the stone Petra.
00:07:13.63\00:07:16.12
And they remove
kind of the old patina,
00:07:16.15\00:07:19.84
the old dark layer of the rock
00:07:19.87\00:07:21.84
and that leaves a
lighter color underneath.
00:07:21.87\00:07:24.31
Well, as we were
looking at these petroglyphs,
00:07:24.34\00:07:27.25
these old carvings of often
of animals or different things,
00:07:27.28\00:07:31.71
I saw a picture of a man
leading a camel. Goodness.
00:07:31.74\00:07:34.73
And that was quite exciting. Yes
00:07:34.76\00:07:36.43
Because
according to the context.
00:07:36.46\00:07:38.56
He shouldn't have been there.
00:07:38.59\00:07:39.62
He shouldn't have been there
00:07:39.65\00:07:40.68
because this is a
domesticated camel code
00:07:40.71\00:07:42.84
because the man was
leading the camel by a rope.
00:07:42.87\00:07:45.23
And it was next to
these late Bronze Age
00:07:45.26\00:07:48.00
which is getting close
00:07:48.03\00:07:49.17
to the time of
the patriarchal period
00:07:49.20\00:07:51.16
these really alphabetic scripts.
00:07:51.19\00:07:54.34
And not far from that
00:07:54.37\00:07:55.40
we also found a XII
dynasty Egyptian text as well.
00:07:55.43\00:07:59.13
So these depictions
of the animal, the camels
00:07:59.16\00:08:02.48
seems to be back there
in the Bronze Age somewhere,
00:08:02.51\00:08:05.65
we're not sure of the exact date
00:08:05.68\00:08:06.88
but its not too far off
from the patriarchal period.
00:08:06.91\00:08:09.92
And so here it was
concrete literal stone evidence
00:08:09.95\00:08:14.58
of man being with
camels, domesticating camels.
00:08:14.61\00:08:18.23
At the time the Bible
says that was happening.
00:08:18.26\00:08:20.26
Now Dr. Younker,
the issues are momentous
00:08:20.29\00:08:23.17
because can a person
believe this book or not?
00:08:23.20\00:08:27.29
Can a person believe in Christ?
00:08:27.32\00:08:29.93
Can a person believe in Moses?
00:08:29.96\00:08:32.52
Our western
civilization is a civilization
00:08:32.55\00:08:37.58
that had been based
upon a strong belief
00:08:37.61\00:08:41.00
in the authenticity
of Holy Scripture. Right.
00:08:41.03\00:08:45.20
Now this goes-- if
this is the foundation
00:08:45.23\00:08:48.76
and if it goes
every thing else goes.
00:08:48.79\00:08:52.55
And this seems to be
happening in today's world.
00:08:52.58\00:08:56.58
Now people are not so
much immoral as amoral.
00:08:56.61\00:09:00.16
People don't know what to
believe or what they believe.
00:09:00.19\00:09:04.62
You know, I live in
the Los Angeles society,
00:09:04.65\00:09:09.28
not very far from Hollywood.
00:09:09.31\00:09:11.54
And so many
people in this society
00:09:11.57\00:09:15.24
are adrift on the currents
of unbelief and popular opinion.
00:09:15.27\00:09:22.46
Now you're an Old
Testament scholar.
00:09:22.49\00:09:25.82
You've been trained
in the Old Testament.
00:09:25.85\00:09:28.15
You're quoting
the Hebrew alphabet.
00:09:28.18\00:09:31.42
Aleph, beth, Gammal, Dalet.
00:09:31.45\00:09:34.87
How am I doing?
You're doing great.
00:09:34.90\00:09:36.85
You've been to
seminary training.
00:09:36.88\00:09:40.26
That's about as
far as I can get.
00:09:40.29\00:09:45.42
Sin Shin Taw,
that's how it ends,
00:09:45.45\00:09:48.19
that's how it ends. Okay.
00:09:48.22\00:09:49.58
I got the beginning
and the end. That's okay.
00:09:49.61\00:09:54.36
You believe
obviously in the Old Testament.
00:09:54.39\00:09:57.65
Yes, while there is two levels
when you talk about belief.
00:09:57.68\00:10:00.78
And this is an important
question to say for this age
00:10:00.81\00:10:02.63
because so many
people are adrift.
00:10:02.66\00:10:03.99
We live in the age of
post modern, modernism. Yes.
00:10:04.02\00:10:08.10
Everything seems to relative,
00:10:08.13\00:10:09.41
everyone finds
truth in their own eyes.
00:10:09.44\00:10:11.54
And questions like was
there really a Jesus Christ?
00:10:11.57\00:10:13.66
Was there really a Moses?
00:10:13.69\00:10:14.72
Did he really
gave Ten Commandments?
00:10:14.75\00:10:15.89
Do these really
come from God? Yeah.
00:10:15.92\00:10:17.44
At a certain level I feel that
the historicity of the Bible
00:10:17.47\00:10:21.57
has been a well
established the basic timeline.
00:10:21.60\00:10:24.78
Although I have to admit
00:10:24.81\00:10:25.84
that doesn't answer
the ultimate questions.
00:10:25.87\00:10:27.90
You know, did God
actually speak to Moses?
00:10:27.93\00:10:30.08
Archeology
doesn't prove that part.
00:10:30.11\00:10:31.72
No, no, no. So
there is combination--
00:10:31.75\00:10:33.52
We're talking about the
historicity of these events.
00:10:33.55\00:10:35.81
So when we look
at the historicity,
00:10:35.84\00:10:37.12
yes, archeology
can be very helpful.
00:10:37.15\00:10:39.11
It seems like the basic facts,
00:10:39.14\00:10:40.89
the people that we find in
the Bible were real people.
00:10:40.92\00:10:43.28
Kenneth Kitchen
wrote a book recently
00:10:43.31\00:10:45.52
just a few years ago entitled,
00:10:45.55\00:10:46.74
"On the Reliability
of the Old Testament"
00:10:46.77\00:10:48.14
A massive book. A
very thick book, right.
00:10:48.17\00:10:50.95
And he basically,
his basic point is that
00:10:50.98\00:10:53.70
from archeological records
and ancient textual records,
00:10:53.73\00:10:56.80
we can establish quite well that
the basic storyline make sense.
00:10:56.83\00:11:01.20
That the events that are
said have happened did happen.
00:11:01.23\00:11:03.84
They happened at the time
the Bible said they happen
00:11:03.87\00:11:05.64
and the people involved really
seem to have been in existence.
00:11:05.67\00:11:09.04
So including the audience
wants to hear this friend.
00:11:09.07\00:11:13.83
If you're a young
person or an old person
00:11:13.86\00:11:16.40
and you're tempted
to give up your faiths.
00:11:16.43\00:11:18.48
You think there's
no evidence for God,
00:11:18.51\00:11:20.87
no evidence for the
Bible, then listen up
00:11:20.90\00:11:23.81
because today we're going to
give you some hard cold facts.
00:11:23.84\00:11:30.05
We're going to be
talking about facts.
00:11:30.08\00:11:34.81
The Book of Genesis,
it's the book of beginnings.
00:11:34.84\00:11:39.53
Now I personally as
a Christian I believe
00:11:39.56\00:11:43.31
I have just been
interviewing a famous astronomer
00:11:43.34\00:11:46.39
who lives here in
Southern California.
00:11:46.42\00:11:48.74
He used to
lecture or work at Caltech
00:11:48.77\00:11:52.52
and I have talked to Hugh Ross.
00:11:52.55\00:11:56.04
We've been talking about
evidences for a Creator God.
00:11:56.07\00:12:02.19
I believe with all my soul
00:12:02.22\00:12:05.15
that the evidence
points to a great Creator God,
00:12:05.18\00:12:08.26
who spoke the universe
and the earth into existence?
00:12:08.29\00:12:12.16
I believe in a personal
God who loved us so much
00:12:12.19\00:12:15.81
that He gave Jesus to
die for us on the cross.
00:12:15.84\00:12:18.64
That's what I believe. Right
00:12:18.67\00:12:20.66
But its one thing to have that
faith and to say you believe
00:12:20.69\00:12:24.11
that is another thing to have
that faith based upon evidence.
00:12:24.14\00:12:28.03
And this is what I
want you to hear, friend.
00:12:28.06\00:12:29.86
I want you to hear the evidence.
00:12:29.89\00:12:33.82
How seriously do you
take the Book of Genesis
00:12:33.85\00:12:37.95
and the story of Abraham
and a Joseph who goes down,
00:12:37.98\00:12:44.53
you know, into Egypt
00:12:44.56\00:12:46.11
and who becomes
the prime minister
00:12:46.14\00:12:50.68
and then you have the
story of the children of Israel
00:12:50.71\00:12:56.50
being treated as slaves
00:12:56.53\00:12:58.99
and then the coming
of the deliverer Moses,
00:12:59.02\00:13:03.91
who was rescued
as a baby by a girl
00:13:03.94\00:13:07.71
who goes down to the River Nile.
00:13:07.74\00:13:10.14
You know that
great old story Right.
00:13:10.17\00:13:13.46
You're an archeologist
and you're a scholar.
00:13:13.49\00:13:16.56
How seriously should
we take these stories,
00:13:16.59\00:13:19.63
is this pious myth
or is this is true?
00:13:19.66\00:13:23.24
I think it's true.
00:13:23.27\00:13:24.88
There is-- I
remember Yigael Yadin
00:13:24.91\00:13:26.47
famous Israeli archaeologist
00:13:26.50\00:13:28.34
as he looked and reflected
on his archeological career,
00:13:28.37\00:13:30.90
and he was asked
the similar question
00:13:30.93\00:13:32.87
about the
historicity of the Bible.
00:13:32.90\00:13:34.84
He said, you know,
really I can't find
00:13:34.87\00:13:36.27
anything that
archeology is disproving.
00:13:36.30\00:13:38.55
For him there
are little problems,
00:13:38.58\00:13:39.61
little issues here and there
00:13:39.64\00:13:40.67
but basically
the story is intact,
00:13:40.70\00:13:43.06
there is nothing that
contradicts the historicity.
00:13:43.09\00:13:45.64
For example of
Abraham, people bring sometimes
00:13:45.67\00:13:48.70
some preconceptions to the text
00:13:48.73\00:13:50.13
and they will say, no,
no, I can't believe that.
00:13:50.16\00:13:51.78
When you look at questions
00:13:51.81\00:13:52.84
examples like
the camel question.
00:13:52.87\00:13:54.98
Well, that can't
be true about Abraham,
00:13:55.01\00:13:56.51
because it says he
had camels, he didn't.
00:13:56.54\00:13:57.77
But now we're finding more
and more evidence like camels.
00:13:57.80\00:13:59.88
Yeah, camels. Yeah.
00:13:59.91\00:14:01.14
Well, it says
that they live in tents
00:14:01.17\00:14:02.44
but we know back
in the 2nd millennium
00:14:02.47\00:14:04.00
or 3rd millennium
they didn't live in tents
00:14:04.03\00:14:05.29
but now we're
finding text, ancient text
00:14:05.32\00:14:08.10
and discuss how people lived
in tents back in Israeli times.
00:14:08.13\00:14:10.73
So the places
where archeology can test
00:14:10.76\00:14:13.66
seem to be in
harmony with the Bible story,
00:14:13.69\00:14:16.81
the historicity of the Bible.
00:14:16.84\00:14:17.97
It does not really flat
out contradict anything.
00:14:18.00\00:14:19.98
So I believe both as a
Christian and as a scholar
00:14:20.01\00:14:22.96
that we can
believe in the Bible.
00:14:22.99\00:14:24.41
We can believe in these stories.
00:14:24.44\00:14:25.72
Four years ago I had a
most memorable experience
00:14:25.75\00:14:30.10
because I traveled through
the great land of the pharaohs
00:14:30.13\00:14:33.12
with the Dr. Younker.
00:14:33.15\00:14:35.42
We'd quite a
good time, didn't we?
00:14:35.45\00:14:36.48
We had a great
time, that was wonderful.
00:14:36.51\00:14:37.86
Yeah, we took
our television crew.
00:14:37.89\00:14:39.48
It was better going
then, than it is now I believe.
00:14:39.51\00:14:41.99
Yes, situations have changed.
00:14:42.02\00:14:44.15
Yes, I'm glad we
went when we went.
00:14:44.18\00:14:45.69
The Bible tells
the story of Joseph
00:14:45.72\00:14:48.59
going down into
Egypt and it talks about
00:14:48.62\00:14:51.28
the times of plenty
and the times of famine.
00:14:51.31\00:14:55.95
Is there any evidence at all
00:14:55.98\00:14:58.81
that would suggest that Joseph
and the story of the famines?
00:14:58.84\00:15:04.52
Yeah. What could you tell us?
00:15:04.55\00:15:06.55
Well there's at least
three things I can think of.
00:15:06.58\00:15:08.72
Fist of all we've
studied the environment
00:15:08.75\00:15:11.54
of modern day
Israel or Palestine.
00:15:11.57\00:15:14.09
And we know that in antiquity
famines were common phenomena
00:15:14.12\00:15:18.07
in the land of Canaan as
the Bible discusse at that time.
00:15:18.10\00:15:21.60
Even today rainfall coming
at the wrong time of the year
00:15:21.63\00:15:25.18
messes up the
agriculture production.
00:15:25.21\00:15:26.81
We work from modern
year irrigation techniques.
00:15:26.84\00:15:28.78
People would have a
rough time getting food
00:15:28.81\00:15:30.93
and even today water is a
problem in the Middle East,
00:15:30.96\00:15:33.37
so famines are common occurrence
and we read about them.
00:15:33.40\00:15:36.36
Not just for
that part of the world
00:15:36.39\00:15:37.79
but down in Egypt there
is a couple of examples.
00:15:37.82\00:15:39.83
Saqqara, there is
a picture of people
00:15:39.86\00:15:42.39
who are starving to death.
00:15:42.42\00:15:43.64
Literally, they're all skinny,
00:15:43.67\00:15:44.70
their bones are
staring out of their ribs.
00:15:44.73\00:15:46.49
This is dated to about 2600
BC and clearly images of famine.
00:15:46.52\00:15:50.83
The Egyptians were
aware of the problem of famine
00:15:50.86\00:15:52.89
down near Aswan in
one of the islands here.
00:15:52.92\00:15:55.25
There is an inscription that
talks about 7 years of famine.
00:15:55.28\00:15:59.11
The same amount of time
00:15:59.14\00:16:00.17
that the Bible talks
about in the case of story.
00:16:00.20\00:16:02.51
So the numbers,
the concept of famine
00:16:02.54\00:16:05.40
was a very
familiar problem. Yeah.
00:16:05.43\00:16:07.17
So I-- there is
no reason to doubt.
00:16:07.20\00:16:08.74
This is completely credible.
00:16:08.77\00:16:10.13
It's completely credible, right.
00:16:10.16\00:16:11.95
And then you read
the story, you know,
00:16:11.98\00:16:14.73
it's a wonderful story just to
read it in the Book of Genesis.
00:16:14.76\00:16:19.94
It talks about
the Moses' period.
00:16:19.97\00:16:22.37
And the children of
Israel were being oppressed
00:16:22.40\00:16:25.67
by these villainous rulers.
00:16:25.70\00:16:30.07
The pharaoh said,
"Get rid of all the people,
00:16:30.10\00:16:33.14
get rid of all the
little boys let the girls live."
00:16:33.17\00:16:38.58
And so they became slaves.
00:16:38.61\00:16:42.97
Is there evidence for
Israel being in Egypt?
00:16:43.00\00:16:46.95
Now your old professor, I think
00:16:46.98\00:16:49.34
did he talked about this a lot?
00:16:49.37\00:16:51.65
Not so much although he did.
00:16:51.68\00:16:53.03
One of his students,
Michael Hasel actually
00:16:53.06\00:16:55.16
talked about
the Merneptah Stele.
00:16:55.19\00:16:56.97
And there's a book being written
called "Israel in Egypt."
00:16:57.00\00:17:00.79
Yes, by James
Hoffmeier, correct, uh-huh.
00:17:00.82\00:17:04.48
What is your considered opinion
concerning the historicity
00:17:04.51\00:17:07.84
of the oppression of
the Israelites in Egypt.
00:17:07.87\00:17:10.22
Where they-- is
there good evidence
00:17:10.25\00:17:13.04
that the Israelites
were actually in Egypt.
00:17:13.07\00:17:15.60
Because you'll talk to skeptics
today and generally a person
00:17:15.63\00:17:20.37
who is a skeptic is a
person who doesn't know.
00:17:20.40\00:17:23.59
But he hasn't any really
good reason why he doesn't know
00:17:23.62\00:17:27.11
because of the culture of
the times it's just smart to say
00:17:27.14\00:17:30.47
I don't believe as it
is to say I do believe.
00:17:30.50\00:17:33.80
And in that culture
today people will say
00:17:33.83\00:17:35.83
for all types of reasons
for morality or lack there off.
00:17:35.86\00:17:39.35
I have chosen not to believe
00:17:39.38\00:17:41.49
and my opinion is as
good as yours. Right.
00:17:41.52\00:17:44.35
I don't believe that my
opinion is as good as yours
00:17:44.38\00:17:47.14
if I don't know
as much as you do.
00:17:47.17\00:17:50.12
So is there evidence
for Israel being in Egypt.
00:17:50.15\00:17:53.06
Tell me please, Randy?
00:17:53.09\00:17:54.30
Jim Hoffmeier's
book actually shows that
00:17:54.33\00:17:56.18
the story is extremely
credible that all the elements,
00:17:56.21\00:17:58.90
there are
certain Egyptians names,
00:17:58.93\00:18:00.63
certain Egyptians
customs that are described
00:18:00.66\00:18:03.19
into the biblical story
particularly with the part--
00:18:03.22\00:18:06.38
the Book of
Exodus and it all fits,
00:18:06.41\00:18:08.38
there is nothing really,
no reason to doubt the story.
00:18:08.41\00:18:11.25
In terms of Egyptian
behavior towards people,
00:18:11.28\00:18:13.37
there's many
ancient Egyptian documents
00:18:13.40\00:18:15.35
that talk about the enslavement
of variety of peoples.
00:18:15.38\00:18:19.02
Israel is not
mentioned it has a slave group
00:18:19.05\00:18:21.46
but there are a couple of
very intriguing discoveries
00:18:21.49\00:18:23.80
that do talk
about Israel by name.
00:18:23.83\00:18:26.06
And one of the more well-known
it's been known for actually
00:18:26.09\00:18:29.07
a long time found by
Sir Flinders Petrie stone
00:18:29.10\00:18:31.94
called the Merneptah Stele.
00:18:31.97\00:18:33.26
And on this
Stele, near the bottom
00:18:33.29\00:18:35.49
you can see it
today in the Cairo museum.
00:18:35.52\00:18:37.06
We saw it, didn't we?
00:18:37.09\00:18:38.12
We saw when we
were visiting there.
00:18:38.15\00:18:39.64
And it talks about a
campaign by an Egyptian pharaoh
00:18:39.67\00:18:42.50
Merneptah in this case.
00:18:42.53\00:18:43.99
And he discusses
different peoples
00:18:44.02\00:18:46.01
or cities that he has conquered
00:18:46.04\00:18:48.12
and among the
peoples is the name Israel.
00:18:48.15\00:18:51.44
And so that seems to
be most scholars agree
00:18:51.47\00:18:53.55
the first
reference to biblical Israel.
00:18:53.58\00:18:55.69
However just recently this is
literally just over the last--
00:18:55.72\00:18:59.36
it's been a couple of
years since it's been known
00:18:59.39\00:19:00.73
but just getting out to
the public for last few weeks.
00:19:00.76\00:19:03.47
In the Berlin Museum pedestal
that is dated to about the time,
00:19:03.50\00:19:07.45
it's kind of like the foundation
00:19:07.48\00:19:09.06
for may be a
statue or something.
00:19:09.09\00:19:10.89
A pedestal was found
00:19:10.92\00:19:11.95
that has some
Egyptian hieroglyphics on it.
00:19:11.98\00:19:14.34
And three
Egyptologists just published it
00:19:14.37\00:19:16.89
and the three names are Ashkelon
00:19:16.92\00:19:19.89
which is a well known
biblical city near the coast
00:19:19.92\00:19:22.43
where the
Philistines lives. Yeah.
00:19:22.46\00:19:23.79
Then Canaan which is of
course the name for the land
00:19:23.82\00:19:26.44
that the
Israelites were conquered
00:19:26.47\00:19:27.70
and then the third
one was the name Israel.
00:19:27.73\00:19:31.64
And these five Egyptologist
now so far that have conform
00:19:31.67\00:19:34.79
that that's the
actual name of the people.
00:19:34.82\00:19:36.64
And this dates back to
about the 18th dynasty of Egypt
00:19:36.67\00:19:41.04
which is about the
time when the Bible suggests
00:19:41.07\00:19:43.15
that Moses would
have led the Israelites
00:19:43.18\00:19:45.48
out of slavery
into the Promised Land.
00:19:45.51\00:19:47.67
And the interesting thing
is that the name Israel appears
00:19:47.70\00:19:50.48
in a special named ring
and this name ring shows
00:19:50.51\00:19:55.28
the picture of a person
with arms bound behind him.
00:19:55.31\00:19:58.61
They're enemy of Egypt.
00:19:58.64\00:20:00.17
So clearly
apparently-- It's significant.
00:20:00.20\00:20:02.35
It's very significant
than the 18th dynasty already
00:20:02.38\00:20:05.03
just after the
time perhaps of Moses,
00:20:05.06\00:20:07.28
the Egyptians were recognizing
00:20:07.31\00:20:08.68
that a people of Israel
apparently were their enemy
00:20:08.71\00:20:12.38
and was a group that they
were having contentions with.
00:20:12.41\00:20:16.61
So this seems to
support the idea that Israel
00:20:16.64\00:20:19.36
was an ancient people
group as the Bible suggest.
00:20:19.39\00:20:22.27
It's a very
significant discovery.
00:20:22.30\00:20:23.91
I think it's a very
significant discovery.
00:20:23.94\00:20:26.22
Can you hear that, friend?
00:20:26.25\00:20:27.74
Here's a
discovery that goes back--
00:20:27.77\00:20:29.99
what years would you say?
00:20:30.02\00:20:31.66
Well it will be
about in the 15th centuries
00:20:31.69\00:20:34.02
or the 1400 BC at least.
00:20:34.05\00:20:35.99
Yeah, there is a debate
about maybe that early 1300 BC.
00:20:36.02\00:20:39.17
And here Israel is seen,
00:20:39.20\00:20:41.68
Israel is seen as an
enemy of the Egyptians.
00:20:41.71\00:20:46.02
Right, yeah, right.
What does the skeptic say?
00:20:46.05\00:20:48.59
Well this is so new that
there hasn't been much reaction.
00:20:48.62\00:20:51.19
He hasn't quote on it.
00:20:51.22\00:20:52.34
One person who is
actually sympathetic
00:20:52.37\00:20:54.34
to the historicity of the Bible
in fact it was Jim Hoffmier,
00:20:54.37\00:20:56.85
he was a bit
skeptical that it said Israel.
00:20:56.88\00:20:58.99
I think he was being cautious.
00:20:59.02\00:21:00.57
But there's been at
least five other Egyptologists
00:21:00.60\00:21:02.63
they've looked at this from
every angle in terms of all,
00:21:02.66\00:21:05.55
you know, the technical
aspects of the language,
00:21:05.58\00:21:07.12
the orthography,
spelling and everything.
00:21:07.15\00:21:09.49
And they're quite convinced
this does indeed say Israel.
00:21:09.52\00:21:12.21
And so the reaction hasn't even
set in yet from the scholars.
00:21:12.24\00:21:15.30
There's certainly
a preconceived biased
00:21:15.33\00:21:19.46
not to believe rather
than to believe, isn't that.
00:21:19.49\00:21:22.12
Yeah, that's the normal
00:21:22.15\00:21:23.18
and scholars tend to be
reticent we're conservative.
00:21:23.21\00:21:26.04
We don't like to get too far
out until we have all the facts
00:21:26.07\00:21:28.62
and all the data in so we
can make a good conclusion.
00:21:28.65\00:21:32.10
So on these new discoveries
00:21:32.13\00:21:33.45
we tend to hold back
until okay, we'll see.
00:21:33.48\00:21:37.74
You and I with our crew
went into a, into a tomb
00:21:37.77\00:21:43.67
and it showed us I
think Semitic slaves
00:21:43.70\00:21:47.47
being beaten by their masters.
00:21:47.50\00:21:49.16
Where they Semites?
00:21:49.19\00:21:50.31
Yes, it's believed
I think in the caves
00:21:50.34\00:21:52.40
of the pictures we were
looking at they were from Syria.
00:21:52.43\00:21:54.35
They were Syrians who have
been enslaved by the Egyptians.
00:21:54.38\00:21:56.95
You can see
Egyptians taskmasters.
00:21:56.98\00:21:59.44
They're hitting them,
00:21:59.47\00:22:00.50
they are having to
make the bricks to put in.
00:22:00.53\00:22:01.92
What was the
tomb? Rekhmire, was it?
00:22:01.95\00:22:03.91
Rekhmire, yeah,
that's what the tombs.
00:22:03.94\00:22:06.76
And that was not far.
Near the Valley of the Kings.
00:22:06.79\00:22:11.32
And we actually took pictures
of these people with beads
00:22:11.35\00:22:16.87
being beaten by
these slave masters.
00:22:16.90\00:22:20.03
That's correct.
00:22:20.06\00:22:21.09
There are some
inscriptions that give us
00:22:21.12\00:22:22.68
a good indication of
who these people were.
00:22:22.71\00:22:24.88
They date you
know, in an early period
00:22:24.91\00:22:28.10
not too far from the time
00:22:28.13\00:22:29.26
the Israelites would
have been slaves there.
00:22:29.29\00:22:31.05
And Genesis or
rather the Book of Exodus
00:22:31.08\00:22:33.74
talks about the
oppression of these Israelites,
00:22:33.77\00:22:37.66
or all these Semites.
00:22:37.69\00:22:38.89
Right. Yeah.
00:22:38.92\00:22:40.08
And the Egyptians are treating
these other people groups,
00:22:40.11\00:22:42.31
in this case the
Syrians in the same way.
00:22:42.34\00:22:43.68
So the picture
gives us a good figure
00:22:43.71\00:22:45.36
of the what the Israelites
slavery would have looked like.
00:22:45.39\00:22:48.31
Now if we believe that
00:22:48.34\00:22:51.36
the Exodus took
place in the 15th century,
00:22:51.39\00:22:53.96
you believe
that, don't you? Yes.
00:22:53.99\00:22:57.27
This latest discovery
would seem to bolster that idea.
00:22:57.30\00:23:00.76
It does because up
until this discovery
00:23:00.79\00:23:02.84
the earliest
reference to Israel was in 1207.
00:23:02.87\00:23:05.68
Merneptah which would
be the late 13th century.
00:23:05.71\00:23:08.07
Others scholars have suggested
00:23:08.10\00:23:09.83
and you know it doesn't have
anything to do with your faith
00:23:09.86\00:23:12.57
or whether you're good
Christian or bad Christian.
00:23:12.60\00:23:14.17
But they have suggested perhaps
00:23:14.20\00:23:15.73
the story should be
dated in the 13th century.
00:23:15.76\00:23:18.41
There are other
scholars they suggested
00:23:18.44\00:23:20.19
no, the story
didn't happen at all.
00:23:20.22\00:23:21.82
I mean Israel got
there in other way
00:23:21.85\00:23:23.11
but finding this
suggest that the Egyptians
00:23:23.14\00:23:26.11
were having an
antagonist relationship
00:23:26.14\00:23:28.50
with the people name Israel
00:23:28.53\00:23:29.61
back in the
15th century perhaps.
00:23:29.64\00:23:32.15
So this certainly
makes the biblical story
00:23:32.18\00:23:34.37
and the biblical chronological
information look more credible.
00:23:34.40\00:23:37.17
So it's gonna open up a whole
new discussion on this issue.
00:23:37.20\00:23:39.93
Is there not a text in
the Bible in 1 Kings 6:1?
00:23:39.96\00:23:44.59
Yeah, 1 Kings 6:1. And
it talks about 480 years.
00:23:44.62\00:23:47.87
That's correct, uh-huh.
00:23:47.90\00:23:48.99
That would seem
to point the Exodus
00:23:49.02\00:23:51.24
to the middle of
the 15th century BC.
00:23:51.27\00:23:54.16
That's correct, it
says from the 4th year
00:23:54.19\00:23:56.27
of King Solomon's reign
back to the year of the Exodus.
00:23:56.30\00:23:58.89
That's from 1 King 6:1.
00:23:58.92\00:24:00.23
And so if you date
King Solomon's 4th year
00:24:00.26\00:24:03.02
to about 966 or 978,
get you back to about 1445.
00:24:03.05\00:24:06.70
If we accept that text
in some other evidence.
00:24:06.73\00:24:10.58
This would make and
you know the authority here
00:24:10.61\00:24:14.60
the pharaoh of the
Exodus would be Thutmose's III.
00:24:14.63\00:24:19.62
We have a couple of candidates
it could be Thutmose III pen in
00:24:19.65\00:24:22.89
with Egyptian
chronology. Or Amenhotep?
00:24:22.92\00:24:25.31
It could be Amenhotep II or
perhaps there was a coregency.
00:24:25.34\00:24:29.01
Some conservative scholars
have suggested both scenarios.
00:24:29.04\00:24:32.25
I have favored Thutmose II.
00:24:32.28\00:24:33.90
I like Thutmose III the best
00:24:33.93\00:24:35.72
because I have got
the best pictures of him.
00:24:35.75\00:24:37.71
I see, okay.
00:24:37.74\00:24:39.43
There is one
Egyptian chronological scheme
00:24:39.46\00:24:41.80
that has Thutmose
III dieing in 1450.
00:24:41.83\00:24:45.18
Now this isn't accepted
by all Egyptologists. No.
00:24:45.21\00:24:47.79
But if that's accurate
that would fit very nicely
00:24:47.82\00:24:49.95
with the biblical information--
Talk to me about that?
00:24:49.98\00:24:52.60
Thutmose III dying in 1450 BC
because that if that could be--
00:24:52.63\00:24:58.89
if that would true it is almost,
its almost sensational isn't it.
00:24:58.92\00:25:06.83
It is, we have to
be careful as scholars,
00:25:06.86\00:25:09.14
you know, as we can explore this
00:25:09.17\00:25:10.42
but there are at least three
major Egyptians chronologies.
00:25:10.45\00:25:13.29
Now you're the scholar, you see.
00:25:13.32\00:25:14.94
I'm just an old
beat up evangelist.
00:25:14.97\00:25:17.17
Right, but I have a
little bit my concern--
00:25:17.20\00:25:20.80
what can I say conservative
scholarly mode here so.
00:25:20.83\00:25:23.00
So we have to be careful
but it's perfectly possible
00:25:23.03\00:25:26.22
if we use a mixture
of the high chronology
00:25:26.25\00:25:28.84
with one of the lower
chronologies for later on
00:25:28.87\00:25:31.21
that you can
come out with the date
00:25:31.24\00:25:32.58
of Thutmose III
dying about 1450.
00:25:32.61\00:25:34.80
And number of
scholars accept that.
00:25:34.83\00:25:36.04
And I think they have a
good reason for doing so.
00:25:36.07\00:25:38.38
So when you superimpose that
00:25:38.41\00:25:40.05
with the biblical
information of 1 Kings 6:1.
00:25:40.08\00:25:42.42
It does seem to
come together. Yes.
00:25:42.45\00:25:43.95
When you add this new discovery
00:25:43.98\00:25:45.87
of Israel being around about
that time or shortly after.
00:25:45.90\00:25:49.05
It starts making--
it seem quite credible.
00:25:49.08\00:25:51.22
Remember, the night
we spent with the queen.
00:25:51.25\00:25:54.28
Yes. What a night that was.
00:25:54.31\00:25:56.18
And I have advertised
this, so you can see him.
00:25:56.21\00:25:57.89
A nice museum.
00:25:57.92\00:25:58.95
I know I have advertise
it my night with the queen.
00:25:58.98\00:26:02.26
Yes. In the Cairo museum.
00:26:02.29\00:26:05.04
And doctor Hawass
that famous character of--
00:26:05.07\00:26:08.78
In charge of
antiquities. Yes, yes, yes.
00:26:08.81\00:26:11.14
Dr. Hawass,
graciously he showed us
00:26:11.17\00:26:15.22
through the royal
mummy room. That's right.
00:26:15.25\00:26:18.13
That was an
unforgettable experience. Yes
00:26:18.16\00:26:20.96
And we saw there
Ramesses the great. Yes.
00:26:20.99\00:26:24.00
Imagine seeing
Ramesses the great,
00:26:24.03\00:26:27.88
one of the greatest
of the pharaohs. Yes.
00:26:27.91\00:26:30.11
And I think we saw Thutmose I
00:26:30.14\00:26:33.13
and I think we saw
Thutmose II. Several.
00:26:33.16\00:26:37.88
We saw Seqenenre,
he was the gentlemen
00:26:37.91\00:26:41.16
whose skull was broken in
as he was leading a rebellion.
00:26:41.19\00:26:46.43
How is my
Egyptology going? Pretty good.
00:26:46.46\00:26:49.02
No too bad for
an old evangelist.
00:26:49.05\00:26:50.99
No too bad for
an old evangelist.
00:26:51.02\00:26:52.99
Now we also saw
a lady there. Yes.
00:26:53.02\00:26:57.59
Tell us about the lady
00:26:57.62\00:26:58.86
because I want you
to hear this my friend,
00:26:58.89\00:27:01.87
we saw a lady-- listen to me
00:27:01.90\00:27:05.02
we saw a lady
in the Cairo museum
00:27:05.05\00:27:08.58
whose mummy or her body
00:27:08.61\00:27:11.20
had been lost for
almost 3,500 years.
00:27:11.23\00:27:14.47
That's right, the
mummy was missing.
00:27:14.50\00:27:15.99
Yeah, tell us the story.
00:27:16.02\00:27:17.25
Well, they found
a cache of mummies.
00:27:17.28\00:27:18.99
Tell us her name. Yeah.
00:27:19.02\00:27:20.55
Well, that would be
Hatshepsut, that was the--
00:27:20.58\00:27:22.81
They weren't sure actually of
the identity of the female mummy
00:27:22.84\00:27:25.63
they could easily
tell it was a woman. Yeah.
00:27:25.66\00:27:27.63
But they weren't sure
exactly who this woman was.
00:27:27.66\00:27:30.38
There have been
some other woman found
00:27:30.41\00:27:31.86
but, you know, usually
you find in these cachets
00:27:31.89\00:27:34.63
the mummies of the pharaoh
who would be male typically.
00:27:34.66\00:27:38.14
Yes. And their top officials.
00:27:38.17\00:27:40.45
So this woman was intriguing.
00:27:40.48\00:27:41.62
Who was this special woman
00:27:41.65\00:27:42.68
that was with all these other
royal or important personages?
00:27:42.71\00:27:45.70
And they suspected
it might be Hatshepsut
00:27:45.73\00:27:48.88
but they couldn't be certain.
00:27:48.91\00:27:50.41
In the vicinity not far from
00:27:50.44\00:27:52.02
where they found
the cache of mummies
00:27:52.05\00:27:53.33
they found a box as I recalled
00:27:53.36\00:27:55.87
it had a name of
Hatshepsut on it.
00:27:55.90\00:27:57.23
There's cartouche
and they found a tooth
00:27:57.26\00:27:59.45
among other
things inside the box
00:27:59.48\00:28:01.72
and they were able to
00:28:01.75\00:28:02.95
as they looked at
the mummy of this woman,
00:28:02.98\00:28:04.48
they saw that there
was a tooth missing.
00:28:04.51\00:28:06.68
And when they checked does
this tooth fit into that gap.
00:28:06.71\00:28:09.90
Dr. Hawass told us the story.
00:28:09.93\00:28:11.66
He told us the story
about that in the interview.
00:28:11.69\00:28:13.62
And so that seemed
to be a major indicator
00:28:13.65\00:28:16.56
that this was indeed Hatshepsut
00:28:16.59\00:28:18.82
who was the wife
of the Thutmose II
00:28:18.85\00:28:22.39
and the
stepmother of Thutmose III.
00:28:22.42\00:28:25.02
A possible
candidate for the Exodus story
00:28:25.05\00:28:28.40
according to many scholars.
00:28:28.43\00:28:30.14
And if one goes
according to the chronologies
00:28:30.17\00:28:33.76
that are being
suggested here today
00:28:33.79\00:28:36.35
and this new discovery makes it
00:28:36.38\00:28:38.79
somewhat more
tenable, doesn't it.
00:28:38.82\00:28:41.75
Then she could
well have been the girl
00:28:41.78\00:28:45.35
that went down to the River Nile
00:28:45.38\00:28:48.73
and she saw
there a little basket
00:28:48.76\00:28:51.61
floating on the River Nile.
00:28:51.64\00:28:54.26
It would be the
princess who found Moses,
00:28:54.29\00:28:56.36
that's a
potential scenario. Yes.
00:28:56.39\00:28:57.88
And there have
been a few scholars
00:28:57.91\00:28:59.35
have suggested that very thing.
00:28:59.38\00:29:00.61
And she brought in the basket
and she opened up the basket
00:29:00.64\00:29:04.08
and the baby, she said,
it's one of the Hebrews.
00:29:04.11\00:29:07.10
Yes, yes.
00:29:07.13\00:29:08.72
And the Bible says
she named him Moses.
00:29:08.75\00:29:13.97
Moses. What does Moses mean?
00:29:14.00\00:29:16.12
Well, there is
different explanations of that.
00:29:16.15\00:29:18.30
Some people associate it
00:29:18.33\00:29:19.52
with the son of a
certain deity for example.
00:29:19.55\00:29:23.53
Someone who is born
off of a certain deity,
00:29:23.56\00:29:25.97
others suggests,
the Hebrew suggested
00:29:26.00\00:29:27.40
because I drew
him out of the waters.
00:29:27.43\00:29:29.22
It could be, could be both.
00:29:29.25\00:29:30.28
Yeah, and so it's
possible it could have--
00:29:30.31\00:29:32.04
be a play on words.
00:29:32.07\00:29:34.33
But it is fascinating
that the suffix Moses
00:29:34.36\00:29:37.16
was very common of pharaohs
of the 18th and 19th dynasties.
00:29:37.19\00:29:39.74
Yeah, tell me about this?
00:29:39.77\00:29:41.15
We have Ramesses for example,
a person born of the God Ra.
00:29:41.18\00:29:44.34
We have Thutmose.
Yeah, the sun god.
00:29:44.37\00:29:45.90
Sun god. Exactly.
00:29:45.93\00:29:47.27
We have Thutmoses and
Ahmoses and Kamoses, Ramoses.
00:29:47.30\00:29:52.24
So in the case of
the biblical Moses,
00:29:52.27\00:29:54.80
his name seems to fit the names
00:29:54.83\00:29:57.12
that most of the pharaohs
of this period of time had,
00:29:57.15\00:30:00.24
except the front end is missing.
00:30:00.27\00:30:01.60
We call that the Thea IV Calvin.
00:30:01.63\00:30:03.35
That's name for
the Egyptian deity.
00:30:03.38\00:30:05.41
And that's not
surprising because in the Bible
00:30:05.44\00:30:07.27
it's not likely that
the writer of the story
00:30:07.30\00:30:09.67
is going to have Moses
being born of an Egyptian God.
00:30:09.70\00:30:12.27
Oh, he could have
been called Hapi Moses.
00:30:12.30\00:30:14.14
We don't know Happy Moses.
00:30:14.17\00:30:15.55
No, no, harpy, H-A. Oh, yes.
00:30:15.58\00:30:17.66
Because of the God of the Nile
00:30:17.69\00:30:19.53
Exactly. Yes.
00:30:19.56\00:30:20.59
You miss that
subtle point, doctor.
00:30:20.62\00:30:22.34
I just did, I thought you
were saying happy but you--
00:30:22.37\00:30:23.98
No, no, no just
that's my accent.
00:30:24.01\00:30:28.98
And so- So
Moses' names fits, yes.
00:30:29.01\00:30:32.28
Yes, his name fits,
the chronology fits.
00:30:32.31\00:30:35.65
And there is a good case
and I'm convinced about it
00:30:35.68\00:30:39.32
myself that the girl who
went down to the River Nile
00:30:39.35\00:30:42.69
is a beautiful young woman
00:30:42.72\00:30:44.67
is now today a
mummy in the Cairo museum.
00:30:44.70\00:30:49.93
And she was one of the
great leaders of ancient Egypt.
00:30:49.96\00:30:52.45
A great pharaoh.
Right, a great pharaoh.
00:30:52.48\00:30:54.64
A woman who became king. Yes.
00:30:54.67\00:30:57.60
And what we're going
to do ladies and gentlemen
00:30:57.63\00:31:00.91
watching this
television program,
00:31:00.94\00:31:03.36
I want you to notice the message
00:31:03.39\00:31:05.47
we're going to give you
now on the television screen.
00:31:05.50\00:31:08.09
We're going to
have a little break.
00:31:08.12\00:31:10.00
And then we're going
to come back and tell you
00:31:10.03\00:31:12.62
the amazing story
of the bearded queen.
00:31:12.65\00:31:18.01
Why did pharaoh
disfigure her face?
00:31:18.04\00:31:22.79
And our guest is the
great scholar Dr. Randy Younker.
00:31:22.82\00:31:27.42
Join us, be back.
00:31:27.45\00:31:29.68
Have you ever dreamed of
being a biblical archeologist,
00:31:33.36\00:31:36.91
ever wondered how you might help
00:31:36.94\00:31:38.49
stem the flood of secularism
00:31:38.52\00:31:40.13
that's sweeping away
the foundations of society?
00:31:40.16\00:31:43.25
Dr. Randall Younker, Director
of the Institute of Archeology
00:31:43.28\00:31:46.88
at Andrews University
invites you to join him.
00:31:46.91\00:31:49.93
As he and his team
continue to unearth evidence
00:31:49.96\00:31:52.82
that shows the
truthfulness of a Bible.
00:31:52.85\00:31:55.68
Act now, write today
to Dr. Randall Younker,
00:31:55.71\00:31:58.90
Institute of Archaeology
at Andrews University,
00:31:58.93\00:32:01.69
Berrien
Springs, Michigan, 49104.
00:32:01.72\00:32:05.69
Support our archaeologists
as they dig for truth.
00:32:05.72\00:32:09.15
Write down to Dr. Younker,
00:32:09.18\00:32:10.83
Institute of Archaeology
at Andrews University
00:32:10.86\00:32:14.00
or call the
university at 269-471-3273.
00:32:14.03\00:32:19.93
That number once
again, 269-471-3273.
00:32:19.96\00:32:24.12
Welcome back my friend.
00:32:33.16\00:32:35.09
My special guest
today is Dr. Randy Younker
00:32:35.12\00:32:38.51
from Andrews University.
00:32:38.54\00:32:40.79
We're delighted
to have you with us
00:32:40.82\00:32:42.57
and we're going to talk
now about the bearded queen.
00:32:42.60\00:32:46.86
Why did pharaoh
disfigured her face.
00:32:46.89\00:32:49.81
We're talking to Dr.
Younker, about Queen Hatshepsut.
00:32:49.84\00:32:52.61
Correct, uh-huh..
00:32:52.64\00:32:53.67
Now in the inscriptions
she is shown with a beard.
00:32:53.70\00:32:56.09
That's correct.
00:32:56.12\00:32:57.27
Did she really have a problem
or why did she have this beard.
00:32:57.30\00:33:01.87
Well, if you look on
some of the statues there,
00:33:01.90\00:33:03.70
where you can see that
there is actually a string
00:33:03.73\00:33:06.32
running from the
beard up and over ear,
00:33:06.35\00:33:08.64
so it's a fake
beard held in place.
00:33:08.67\00:33:10.56
Oh, I never knew that. Yes.
00:33:10.59\00:33:12.39
So that's an
intriguing question now.
00:33:12.42\00:33:15.02
So you could see the string?
00:33:15.05\00:33:16.43
You can see the
string holding in place.
00:33:16.46\00:33:17.72
So it was important for the
king to have this special beard.
00:33:17.75\00:33:20.98
It was assumed that the king
00:33:21.01\00:33:22.16
would be a man at
that time of course.
00:33:22.19\00:33:24.17
Now the interesting
question is how did a woman
00:33:24.20\00:33:26.90
come to a position to
be considered the king.
00:33:26.93\00:33:30.02
And why did she
have to wear the beard.
00:33:30.05\00:33:31.48
Well that's obviously
she had to be a male--
00:33:31.51\00:33:33.81
at least appeared to be a male.
00:33:33.84\00:33:34.88
And so the statues really
on her are carved that way.
00:33:34.91\00:33:37.76
But it's interesting
00:33:37.79\00:33:38.83
she was never intended
to takeover the kingdom,
00:33:38.86\00:33:41.38
the idea after Thutmose II
that was that his young son
00:33:41.41\00:33:45.01
who is too young to
rule was Thutmose III
00:33:45.04\00:33:48.43
and Hatshepsut was sort
of put in control, okay.
00:33:48.46\00:33:51.19
To keep an eye on things
until he gained his majority
00:33:51.22\00:33:54.52
once he was 18 he
would become king.
00:33:54.55\00:33:56.16
But she liked the job too much.
00:33:56.19\00:33:57.47
Maybe she liked
the job too much,
00:33:57.50\00:33:59.00
we don't know
exactly what was going on.
00:33:59.03\00:34:00.80
But it's interesting she starts
having herself depicted as king,
00:34:00.83\00:34:03.99
she starts wearing the beard.
00:34:04.02\00:34:05.51
As her power
becomes more secure,
00:34:05.54\00:34:07.70
you will notice the
statue starts changing
00:34:07.73\00:34:09.56
rather than looking like a man.
00:34:09.59\00:34:11.17
In the latter part of the reign
she starts looking like a woman.
00:34:11.20\00:34:14.05
So she is one of the
first successful woman
00:34:14.08\00:34:15.93
who had certain authority.
00:34:15.96\00:34:17.07
And everything she did was
somewhat on a megalithic scale.
00:34:17.10\00:34:22.20
It was big scale, she was
actually a very good king.
00:34:22.23\00:34:24.29
Most of the
ancient Egyptian kings
00:34:24.32\00:34:25.88
gained their fame
and wealth by warfare,
00:34:25.91\00:34:28.17
by killing, by conquest.
00:34:28.20\00:34:29.91
She actually initiated trade
00:34:29.94\00:34:32.53
and had some very
large expeditions.
00:34:32.56\00:34:35.49
She brought things from
Egypt to other countries
00:34:35.52\00:34:37.78
and bought them from
those countries in the Egypt
00:34:37.81\00:34:40.33
and she had a
great building campaign.
00:34:40.36\00:34:42.00
She was a very
productive leader.
00:34:42.03\00:34:44.06
And then she
dies. Then she dies.
00:34:44.09\00:34:45.89
And Thutmose III
becomes the king.
00:34:45.92\00:34:48.02
Yeah, it's correct.
And he sits on the throne.
00:34:48.05\00:34:49.09
That's right.
00:34:49.12\00:34:50.15
And apparently and I want
you to tell us about this.
00:34:50.18\00:34:54.82
An attempt was made
to obliterate her memory
00:34:54.85\00:34:58.29
on everything she'd
done, what happened?
00:34:58.32\00:34:59.74
An Egyptian
believe to live forever
00:34:59.77\00:35:02.31
and the whole idea of pharaoh,
they were to live forever
00:35:02.34\00:35:04.67
and take care of their kingdom
in the afterlife so to speak
00:35:04.70\00:35:07.14
and so they went to
this elaborate, you know,
00:35:07.17\00:35:10.04
amount of work to build
either the pyramids earlier on
00:35:10.07\00:35:12.50
or later on they would
hide the goods in these tombs.
00:35:12.53\00:35:15.29
So that the pharaoh could insure
the good welfare of the kingdom.
00:35:15.32\00:35:18.88
Now in the case of Hatshepsut
her name and her images,
00:35:18.91\00:35:23.90
many of them were obliterated
00:35:23.93\00:35:25.33
and this was
considered a horrible thing
00:35:25.36\00:35:27.40
because it basically meant
00:35:27.43\00:35:28.46
you're killing both
her and the afterlife.
00:35:28.49\00:35:30.92
And destabilizing the kingdom.
00:35:30.95\00:35:32.36
Why would someone do that?
00:35:32.39\00:35:33.96
Well, scholars argue about
this but one of the candidates
00:35:33.99\00:35:37.08
or one of these suspects
to put in Sherlock Holmes
00:35:37.11\00:35:40.00
probably was
Thutmose III, her stepson.
00:35:40.03\00:35:42.63
And the reason
would be hypothetically.
00:35:42.66\00:35:44.60
Yeah. He was angry.
00:35:44.63\00:35:45.70
Had good reason.
He had good reason.
00:35:45.73\00:35:46.92
He wanted to become
pharaoh and his stepmother
00:35:46.95\00:35:49.37
was keeping him off the throne.
00:35:49.40\00:35:50.80
It makes the Bible
story credible, doesn't it?
00:35:50.83\00:35:53.01
It makes it. And exciting.
00:35:53.04\00:35:55.25
Some have even
suggested that perhaps
00:35:55.28\00:35:57.03
if Moses is fit
into this time period
00:35:57.06\00:35:59.19
that he was a
character, a candidate.
00:35:59.22\00:36:02.25
May be Hatshepsut had the
eyes on her own stepson Moses
00:36:02.28\00:36:06.03
to takeover
rather than Thutmose.
00:36:06.06\00:36:07.73
We don't know that. No, no.
00:36:07.76\00:36:09.04
It can fit into the-- yeah.
00:36:09.07\00:36:11.33
Can we make a valid assumption
00:36:11.36\00:36:12.96
that Moses in the Bible could
have been the pharaoh? Yes.
00:36:12.99\00:36:18.18
I mean the Book of
Hebrew talks about--
00:36:18.21\00:36:20.46
He was trained
to be the pharaoh.
00:36:20.49\00:36:21.99
And of course, in
Jewish traditions,
00:36:22.02\00:36:23.07
Josephine and so forth talks
about how he was good scholar,
00:36:23.10\00:36:26.59
a great warrior has risen.
00:36:26.62\00:36:28.27
Actually ironically the famous
00:36:28.30\00:36:29.57
Charlton Heston
movie produced here.
00:36:29.60\00:36:31.78
I guess in Hollywood.
00:36:31.81\00:36:32.84
It was More Moses and Moses.
00:36:32.87\00:36:34.24
It was More Moses
and Moses, that's right.
00:36:34.27\00:36:35.89
And he had this
rivalry and then in that case
00:36:35.92\00:36:37.71
he saw this with Ramesses II
00:36:37.74\00:36:39.42
because that was
the prevailing thought.
00:36:39.45\00:36:40.80
But you have this rivalry
00:36:40.83\00:36:42.00
and so maybe
something similar happened
00:36:42.03\00:36:43.45
between the real
Moses and Thutmose III.
00:36:43.48\00:36:45.47
Anyway Moses, we know had
to leave according the Bible
00:36:45.50\00:36:48.18
because of
killing Egyptian officer.
00:36:48.21\00:36:50.26
Thutmose III
may have been angry.
00:36:50.29\00:36:51.86
We don't know whether, you know,
00:36:51.89\00:36:52.92
what the reason must be. No. no.
00:36:52.95\00:36:53.99
But it does seem to be true
00:36:54.02\00:36:55.05
that Hatshepsut's
images were destroyed
00:36:55.08\00:36:56.88
and her name was
deliberately carved out.
00:36:56.91\00:36:58.38
Yes, we know that.
00:36:58.41\00:36:59.44
Someone was
trying to destroy her.
00:36:59.47\00:37:00.71
So was that Thutmose
III, there was revenge.
00:37:00.74\00:37:03.20
Amenhotep II the son. Exactly.
00:37:03.23\00:37:05.94
Every reason for him
to hate her too. Exactly.
00:37:05.97\00:37:08.60
Because she was disrupting
the line of succession.
00:37:08.63\00:37:11.92
Now, you and I went
into the Valley of the Kings.
00:37:11.95\00:37:15.71
And we went into the
tomb that it only I think
00:37:15.74\00:37:18.03
recently been opened
up for public display,
00:37:18.06\00:37:20.71
the tomb of
Thutmose III. That's correct.
00:37:20.74\00:37:25.35
Tell us about that tomb
because we walked around there,
00:37:25.38\00:37:28.76
my son David was there
00:37:28.79\00:37:30.08
and we had a
little television crew.
00:37:30.11\00:37:32.66
And we were allowed to
take in this television camera.
00:37:32.69\00:37:36.54
The tomb seem to be--
00:37:36.57\00:37:39.61
as some would
say rough and ready.
00:37:39.64\00:37:41.63
Some suggested actually.
00:37:41.66\00:37:42.99
Again I'm not an art historian
but I have read some accounts
00:37:43.02\00:37:45.62
were scholars have wondered
00:37:45.65\00:37:46.68
whether the tomb
was quickly completed.
00:37:46.71\00:37:50.05
The art work doesn't
always seem to be finished
00:37:50.08\00:37:52.38
to full potential of the artist.
00:37:52.41\00:37:54.29
So did he die prematurely? Yes.
00:37:54.32\00:37:57.01
Another interesting speculation
the mummy that's labeled
00:37:57.04\00:38:00.63
as Thutmose III
in the Cairo museum
00:38:00.66\00:38:03.39
actually seems to be
of a man much younger
00:38:03.42\00:38:05.60
than what Thutmose
III would have been
00:38:05.63\00:38:07.41
according to his own records.
00:38:07.44\00:38:09.22
And so people have wondered
was a substitute body placed in,
00:38:09.25\00:38:13.92
you know, the burial
tomb for Thutmose III.
00:38:13.95\00:38:16.31
And if that's the case
what happened to Thutmose III?
00:38:16.34\00:38:18.22
Was he lost at the Red
Sea? Did something else happen?
00:38:18.25\00:38:21.61
That they were not able to
bury the actual Thutmose III.
00:38:21.64\00:38:24.01
So this is again
raised lot of questions.
00:38:24.04\00:38:26.40
And what an exciting story.
00:38:26.43\00:38:29.02
Moses leads, the people have
gone out through the Red Sea
00:38:29.05\00:38:33.73
or the Yam Suph is
that what it's called?
00:38:33.76\00:38:36.08
Right, uh-huh.
00:38:36.11\00:38:37.14
And the Egyptians are destroyed
00:38:37.17\00:38:39.39
and the pharaoh
possibly is also killed
00:38:39.42\00:38:42.98
and that is why the tomb
of Thutmoses III is incomplete
00:38:43.01\00:38:46.96
and they finish it in haste.
00:38:46.99\00:38:48.63
It's a great story, isn't it?
00:38:48.66\00:38:49.96
It is a great story.
It's a thrilling story.
00:38:49.99\00:38:52.59
And then remember we
had the arm risk court
00:38:52.62\00:38:55.95
of about six or seven truckloads
of Egyptians soldiers.
00:38:55.98\00:39:01.91
That's right. And
we went into the Delta.
00:39:01.94\00:39:04.99
And we went to the old city of,
00:39:05.02\00:39:07.64
I think it was the
city of Tell el-Daba.
00:39:07.67\00:39:11.37
Was that the place? Right.
00:39:11.40\00:39:13.17
Right next to, is it Avaris?
00:39:13.20\00:39:16.37
Yes, not far away from
the traditional Avaris, right.
00:39:16.40\00:39:18.39
That used to be
Hyksos capital, was it?
00:39:18.42\00:39:20.70
Correct. Yes.
00:39:20.73\00:39:22.05
And then also that was the place
00:39:22.08\00:39:25.69
that was called the
city of the Ramesses.
00:39:25.72\00:39:29.84
That's right, many
modern Egyptologists
00:39:29.87\00:39:32.26
believe that this is actually,
00:39:32.29\00:39:34.55
this is indeed
the biblical Ramesses,
00:39:34.58\00:39:37.17
the city of Ramesses.
00:39:37.20\00:39:38.64
What is significant
about the site of Tel El Daba
00:39:38.67\00:39:42.28
or the city of
Ramesses which once was
00:39:42.31\00:39:45.12
one of the greatest
cities of the world?
00:39:45.15\00:39:47.52
Well, it would have been,
there's a number of reasons
00:39:47.55\00:39:49.12
why it would have been important
00:39:49.15\00:39:50.18
but it would have
been the launching point
00:39:50.21\00:39:51.64
for when the
Israelites left Egypt.
00:39:51.67\00:39:53.23
They of course built that city.
00:39:53.26\00:39:55.16
And the Bible says they
left the city of Ramesses.
00:39:55.19\00:39:57.85
Yeah, it's the departure
point for the Exodus story.
00:39:57.88\00:40:00.13
Of course, earlier on Israelite
slaves had built that city.
00:40:00.16\00:40:04.10
We know that, don't we? Yeah.
00:40:04.13\00:40:06.08
Well from the biblical account
we have that in Exodus, right.
00:40:06.11\00:40:09.18
Certainly, now it was thought
00:40:09.21\00:40:11.35
that if the city
was named after Ramesses
00:40:11.38\00:40:13.23
that would be a
13th century time.
00:40:13.26\00:40:15.05
But not necessarily so.
00:40:15.08\00:40:16.11
But not necessarily
so because they have
00:40:16.14\00:40:17.85
excavated remains from
the 18th dynasty as well now.
00:40:17.88\00:40:22.25
And so its very
possible later times
00:40:22.28\00:40:24.16
this was known as
the city of Ramesses
00:40:24.19\00:40:25.60
but prior to that time
00:40:25.63\00:40:27.22
the Israelites
could have lived there,
00:40:27.25\00:40:28.28
they could have built
the city in the 18th dynasty
00:40:28.31\00:40:30.40
and used that as
the starting point.
00:40:30.43\00:40:32.18
So it doesn't
contradict the biblical story.
00:40:32.21\00:40:34.20
In fact it could fit in.
00:40:34.23\00:40:35.58
Now that's city, Dr.
Younker, was really the city
00:40:35.61\00:40:38.83
that saw the birth
of freedom, wasn't that?
00:40:38.86\00:40:41.03
Well, yes,
literally for the Israelites
00:40:41.06\00:40:42.73
and that became a
template for freedom for people.
00:40:42.76\00:40:44.92
The children of Israel
actually left that place
00:40:44.95\00:40:47.11
which is a barren place now
as far as the city is concerned.
00:40:47.14\00:40:50.85
It's only farming
country. That's right.
00:40:50.88\00:40:52.86
All the ruins are
underneath the cornfield stuff.
00:40:52.89\00:40:54.69
And they
traveled through Yam Suph
00:40:54.72\00:40:57.01
and they made their way
into the land of Palestine.
00:40:57.04\00:41:01.13
All of these discoveries
as far as I'm concerned--
00:41:01.16\00:41:05.22
these
discoveries are a remarkable
00:41:05.25\00:41:08.84
confirmation of the Bible story.
00:41:08.87\00:41:11.59
It makes the
Bible story so credible.
00:41:11.62\00:41:14.43
Would you agree? I agree, yeah.
00:41:14.46\00:41:16.02
Everything fits into the story.
00:41:16.05\00:41:17.54
There is no reason not to
believe in the biblical story.
00:41:17.57\00:41:20.04
Many other pieces are out there.
00:41:20.07\00:41:21.83
And for an open minded
person there is no reason
00:41:21.86\00:41:23.91
not to have confidence
in the biblical story.
00:41:23.94\00:41:26.04
Remember, how we were escorted
00:41:26.07\00:41:27.60
by the
Egyptians soldiers. Right.
00:41:27.63\00:41:30.15
Because they were afraid
of terrorism and so forth.
00:41:30.18\00:41:32.30
That's correct.
That was legitimate fear.
00:41:32.33\00:41:33.84
You know, yeah, legitimate
fears particularly today.
00:41:33.87\00:41:37.84
It was a tremendous day
and we saw some amazing things.
00:41:37.87\00:41:43.10
Hazor is up in
the north of Israel.
00:41:43.13\00:41:45.52
That's correct, yes.
00:41:45.55\00:41:46.63
Now the children of Israel
went to the city of Hazor.
00:41:46.66\00:41:50.15
And we visited
Hazor and we discovered
00:41:50.18\00:41:53.95
something quite amazing in Hazor
00:41:53.98\00:41:56.03
because I think if my
memory is still working today
00:41:56.06\00:42:00.55
it tells us that
the children of Israel
00:42:00.58\00:42:02.63
when they invaded this part
of the world they burned Hazor.
00:42:02.66\00:42:06.49
That's correct,
yes. Tell me about Hazor.
00:42:06.52\00:42:09.11
Well, Hazor is again been
controversial for archeologists
00:42:09.14\00:42:12.07
and if an
archeologist is looking
00:42:12.10\00:42:13.99
for a 13th century Exodus.
00:42:14.02\00:42:15.41
They have tried and match up
00:42:15.44\00:42:17.21
their
archeological layers with that.
00:42:17.24\00:42:19.43
It doesn't quite fit
00:42:19.46\00:42:20.49
but there is some evidence
of burning about a time of a--
00:42:20.52\00:42:23.78
you know, around 1400 or
shortly there after about.
00:42:23.81\00:42:25.98
Yes, big burning.
I have seen the ash.
00:42:26.01\00:42:28.49
Right, so there are again
some conservative scholars
00:42:28.52\00:42:30.73
have pointed, hey,
this evidence from Hazor
00:42:30.76\00:42:32.96
seems to fit
the Joshua conquest.
00:42:32.99\00:42:35.57
And we also have some
evidence for the later conquest
00:42:35.60\00:42:38.06
of the prophetess Deborah
from Mount Tabor and so forth.
00:42:38.09\00:42:40.42
But every scholar would
have been forced to accept
00:42:40.45\00:42:43.34
the truth that Hazor was
destroyed by the Israelites.
00:42:43.37\00:42:47.66
Would you not?
00:42:47.69\00:42:48.72
Well, of course, when you come
into the site archeologically
00:42:48.75\00:42:51.64
and you find the burned layer.
00:42:51.67\00:42:52.86
The burn layer is
there and I don't know
00:42:52.89\00:42:54.24
if anyone who is disputing that
00:42:54.27\00:42:55.33
but it doesn't
say burned by Joshua
00:42:55.36\00:42:57.06
so that's the difference we
have to go to the biblical text.
00:42:57.09\00:43:00.49
I thought when I was there.
00:43:00.52\00:43:01.96
And you know, it's a
while since I was there,
00:43:01.99\00:43:04.73
I thought the
Israeli inscription said
00:43:04.76\00:43:06.92
it was result of
Joshua's invasion.
00:43:06.95\00:43:09.99
Oh, I think the
archeologist working there
00:43:10.02\00:43:12.24
have interpreted some
of the finds that way,
00:43:12.27\00:43:14.43
so they probably have it
on their explanatory site.
00:43:14.46\00:43:16.59
Although I think-- on
their sign, I'm sorry.
00:43:16.62\00:43:18.34
But I think they're thinking
of the 13th century conquest,
00:43:18.37\00:43:21.65
they are
identifying a different layer.
00:43:21.68\00:43:23.26
We're suggesting
maybe the lower burn layer
00:43:23.29\00:43:25.92
could fit the
biblical account better.
00:43:25.95\00:43:27.73
Oh, it's an amazing discovery.
00:43:27.76\00:43:29.62
Yes. Tell me this.
00:43:29.65\00:43:33.32
Sometime ago we went
into the Israeli museum
00:43:33.35\00:43:37.36
or one of the
museums in Jerusalem.
00:43:37.39\00:43:39.76
And we saw there a tablet
00:43:39.79\00:43:41.42
that actually mentions
that amazing character.
00:43:41.45\00:43:45.42
That charismatic
character, King David.
00:43:45.45\00:43:49.16
Correct. Tell me about that?
00:43:49.19\00:43:50.69
Well, that's another very--
00:43:50.72\00:43:51.99
And listen to this,
friend, King David. Yes.
00:43:52.02\00:43:54.83
Resurrected, listen to this.
00:43:54.86\00:43:57.09
Well, a few years ago at site
northern Israel called Dan--
00:43:57.12\00:44:00.48
Tel Dan which is biblical,--
00:44:00.51\00:44:02.17
ancient biblical age,
the patriarchal period.
00:44:02.20\00:44:04.26
They were
excavating and in the gateway
00:44:04.29\00:44:06.48
of the Iron Age level city
from about the 9th century BC.
00:44:06.51\00:44:10.75
A one young lady as I
recall found a stone there--
00:44:10.78\00:44:13.65
as she pulled the stone out
it was in the city gate complex.
00:44:13.68\00:44:17.12
She saw that on the
backside it was flat
00:44:17.15\00:44:19.21
and as they clean it
00:44:19.24\00:44:20.27
they realized
there was writing on it.
00:44:20.30\00:44:23.18
And it turned out it was ancient
00:44:23.21\00:44:24.24
Aramaic Assyrian language
00:44:24.27\00:44:25.30
to the north of
the ancient Israelites
00:44:25.33\00:44:26.88
and it tells
about the Assyrian king
00:44:26.91\00:44:28.45
conquering this Israelite city
00:44:28.48\00:44:30.63
And in the course of
describing his conquest
00:44:30.66\00:44:32.97
he brags about
conquering of this and that.
00:44:33.00\00:44:34.93
So it mentions
the house of David.
00:44:34.96\00:44:36.76
Basically he had conquered
the big Davi the house of David.
00:44:36.79\00:44:40.51
This was exciting
because it was one of the--
00:44:40.54\00:44:42.60
or the first I think
archeological conformation
00:44:42.63\00:44:45.23
of histories to
King David of the Bible.
00:44:45.26\00:44:47.58
And before this, this was
dispute about the skeptic.
00:44:47.61\00:44:50.33
Oh, yeah, the
minimalist and meticulous.
00:44:50.36\00:44:51.87
Minimalist said no,
no, there is no King David,
00:44:51.90\00:44:53.97
he is no more historical--
00:44:54.00\00:44:55.03
And a minimalist
found it, isn't this so?
00:44:55.06\00:44:57.26
A Minimal student, yeah,
00:44:57.29\00:44:58.32
the student of a
minimalist actually found it.
00:44:58.35\00:44:59.99
It was not
something she necessarily
00:45:00.02\00:45:01.35
would wanted to find. No.
00:45:01.38\00:45:03.24
And of course most of
the biblical archeologist
00:45:03.27\00:45:05.59
and already the Syro
Palestinian archeologist,
00:45:05.62\00:45:07.05
they agreed
this is indeed David,
00:45:07.08\00:45:08.60
it's the minimalist who
have been trying to fight this.
00:45:08.63\00:45:11.02
Now when you where a student
00:45:11.05\00:45:12.52
and you were working
with your old professor
00:45:12.55\00:45:14.84
from what, Arizona University?
00:45:14.87\00:45:16.32
Yes, right,
University of Arizona.
00:45:16.35\00:45:17.99
And you are working
with the great doctor.
00:45:18.02\00:45:20.88
You made a
significant discovery.
00:45:20.91\00:45:23.44
Tell us about that how you
said, let's keep on digging.
00:45:23.47\00:45:26.82
Well, it wasn't
just me, it was my team
00:45:26.85\00:45:28.07
but I was working
at the site of Gaza
00:45:28.10\00:45:30.24
and there had been big dispute
about both the Solomonic period.
00:45:30.27\00:45:33.40
There the Bible said Solomon
rebuild Gaza in 1 Kings 9
00:45:33.43\00:45:37.33
and then earlier in the account
of Joshua it said just that
00:45:37.36\00:45:40.60
Gaza is the one of the
cities that Joshua conquered.
00:45:40.63\00:45:43.35
Minimalist having been saying,
00:45:43.38\00:45:44.41
no, no, there is no
archeological evidence for
00:45:44.44\00:45:46.66
you know, these events for
occupation that really involved.
00:45:46.69\00:45:48.57
Yeah, its old pious fraud. Yeah.
00:45:48.60\00:45:50.63
It's old pious
fraud written later,
00:45:50.66\00:45:52.15
so in the section he actually
found good credible evidence
00:45:52.18\00:45:56.58
at the gateway the
fortified gateway--
00:45:56.61\00:45:58.77
And he's quite a
scholar, isn't he?
00:45:58.80\00:45:59.97
He is quite a scholar. Yeah.
00:46:00.00\00:46:01.03
He is not necessarily agreeing
with everything the Bible says.
00:46:01.06\00:46:03.16
No, no, no but a good,
good archeologist, yeah.
00:46:03.19\00:46:05.71
Well known, but he
found good evidence
00:46:05.74\00:46:07.54
at the 10th century
construction of the gate
00:46:07.57\00:46:10.25
and the wall seems to fit
in with the biblical account
00:46:10.28\00:46:12.89
that the Solomonic
fortification were indeed there.
00:46:12.92\00:46:16.33
Over where I was working,
we were trying to dig a wall
00:46:16.36\00:46:20.07
and as we were
digging down on this wall
00:46:20.10\00:46:21.68
almost go back to
the time of Joshua
00:46:21.71\00:46:23.29
and we could only find dates to
Assyrian periods in 8th century.
00:46:23.32\00:46:27.32
And the skeptic saying
that's what we accepted,
00:46:27.35\00:46:29.11
you're not going to
find anything earlier.
00:46:29.14\00:46:30.65
And after
digging for several weeks
00:46:30.68\00:46:31.97
we did not find anything earlier
00:46:32.00\00:46:33.71
but we got to what we thought
was the bottom of the wall
00:46:33.74\00:46:36.81
and there seemed to be
about 27 meters of dirt.
00:46:36.84\00:46:40.70
And it looked like,
okay, there is nothing here
00:46:40.73\00:46:42.65
that dates earlier
than the 8th century,
00:46:42.68\00:46:44.73
there's nothing back to Joshua.
00:46:44.76\00:46:46.24
Well I suggest let's go
ahead and dig a little bit more.
00:46:46.27\00:46:49.69
Even though it
doesn't make sense
00:46:49.72\00:46:51.13
and so my professors agreed,
we came back started excavating.
00:46:51.16\00:46:54.69
And after about 20 centimeters
00:46:54.72\00:46:55.82
we found another wall
down there that was a surprise.
00:46:55.85\00:46:58.66
And we started
excavating it stratigraphically
00:46:58.69\00:47:00.86
and as we kept going
down further we saw the dates
00:47:00.89\00:47:04.14
where the ceramics, the
pottery up against the wall.
00:47:04.17\00:47:06.66
It kept getting
older, and older, and older
00:47:06.69\00:47:08.30
and we got all the
way back into the time
00:47:08.33\00:47:11.29
approximately of Joshua
into the late Bronze Age.
00:47:11.32\00:47:14.14
Back to the days of Joshua.
00:47:14.17\00:47:15.57
So it was very
exciting. And it is exciting.
00:47:15.60\00:47:17.98
And this is not
what the skeptics were-
00:47:18.01\00:47:19.51
So we are talking about a
book here that we can believe.
00:47:19.54\00:47:22.34
Right, again the
archeological evidence,
00:47:22.37\00:47:23.98
skeptic said it doesn't
fit but as you continue to work
00:47:24.01\00:47:26.52
and more and more pieces seem
to suggest well maybe-- Yeah.
00:47:26.55\00:47:29.38
We have to pay
attention to Biblical story.
00:47:29.41\00:47:31.08
Yeah, don't give up your faith.
Don't give up on it, right.
00:47:31.11\00:47:32.97
Don't give up your faith
00:47:33.00\00:47:34.06
because the
evidence is coming in
00:47:34.09\00:47:36.10
and the evidence says there
is a God in the Bible is true.
00:47:36.13\00:47:40.01
You've just come
back from the Jordan.
00:47:40.04\00:47:42.03
You seem to live
there a little bit.
00:47:42.06\00:47:43.31
I spent quite a bit of time.
How often times of the year?
00:47:43.34\00:47:46.65
I can't even keep track
00:47:46.68\00:47:47.71
I usually go once or
twice a year for excavation.
00:47:47.74\00:47:50.25
May by 30 for 40
times. Probably so.
00:47:50.28\00:47:54.96
What are you doing in Jordan?
00:47:54.99\00:47:56.26
Well, right now we're excavating
a site not far from Mount Nebo
00:47:56.29\00:47:59.40
about south east a few
kilometers off from Mount Nebo.
00:47:59.43\00:48:02.96
Do you like that
part of the world?
00:48:02.99\00:48:04.16
I do, I love that
part of the world.
00:48:04.19\00:48:05.46
I love it too.
I love Mount Nebo.
00:48:05.49\00:48:06.99
Yes, the whole region is
fun. I love the modern culture.
00:48:07.02\00:48:09.54
I love the people
there today and I love the-
00:48:09.57\00:48:11.58
Jordan is a magnificent country.
00:48:11.61\00:48:13.52
Really and the
people are wonderful.
00:48:13.55\00:48:14.58
I think, you know, I
don't know if I should say this
00:48:14.61\00:48:16.76
but its certainly my
favorite Middle Eastern country.
00:48:16.79\00:48:20.42
It's a wonderful country.
00:48:20.45\00:48:21.49
Jordanians are warm friendly,
the place is safe, it's clean.
00:48:21.52\00:48:27.39
And you know Petra
and all of those places.
00:48:27.42\00:48:29.92
It's full of some
wonderful places. Right.
00:48:29.95\00:48:32.94
But tell us about
your archeological dig.
00:48:32.97\00:48:35.83
We are working at Jelore which
is just south of Mount Nebo area
00:48:35.86\00:48:39.82
and it's in a
location which could be
00:48:39.85\00:48:41.59
were the Israelites
would have come through
00:48:41.62\00:48:43.60
on their leaving Egypt there
wandering in the wilderness
00:48:43.63\00:48:46.60
and they come by Mount Nebo
of course Moses goes to Nebo
00:48:46.63\00:48:49.04
and then they cross over into
you know, the Promised Land.
00:48:49.07\00:48:53.04
And our site-- we're not sure
00:48:53.07\00:48:55.42
its one of the
biggest sites in the area.
00:48:55.45\00:48:57.12
And it's been
speculation is this
00:48:57.15\00:48:59.23
you know, biblical
Hesban for example.
00:48:59.26\00:49:00.73
Oh, there is a
Arabic site called Hesban
00:49:00.76\00:49:03.57
to the north
where Dr. Horn excavated
00:49:03.60\00:49:05.15
but he didn't find any evidence
for this earlier period.
00:49:05.18\00:49:08.19
But at Julore where
we've have been digging
00:49:08.22\00:49:09.43
we do have material
from late Bronze Age
00:49:09.46\00:49:11.51
from about the
time of the conquest.
00:49:11.54\00:49:13.08
And so we're intrigued by that,
00:49:13.11\00:49:14.50
another thing that's
fascinated just recently
00:49:14.53\00:49:17.42
was a discovery of a
great big pool in our site.
00:49:17.45\00:49:19.54
In fact a series of
pools-- the water system.
00:49:19.57\00:49:21.87
And that's fascinating
because the Bible says
00:49:21.90\00:49:23.90
or at least King
Solomon or the song of Solomon
00:49:23.93\00:49:26.74
it talks about his beloved eyes
00:49:26.77\00:49:28.76
being as beautiful
as the pools of Hesban.
00:49:28.79\00:49:31.50
Oh, goodness.
00:49:31.53\00:49:32.56
And so here we
found this series of pool.
00:49:32.59\00:49:34.25
This is really the
romance of archeology.
00:49:34.28\00:49:36.11
The romance of archeology
and so we are right now
00:49:36.14\00:49:38.44
in the process of
excavating these pools.
00:49:38.48\00:49:40.35
There is a major reservoir that
seem to been fed by a spring
00:49:40.38\00:49:42.92
and it ran and
there's a big water channel
00:49:42.95\00:49:44.62
it runs to the city wall
00:49:44.65\00:49:45.93
into four large
pools outside the city.
00:49:45.96\00:49:48.64
And so we're now dating
those and we have some evidence
00:49:48.67\00:49:51.46
they might go
back to Solomon's time.
00:49:51.49\00:49:52.99
If so, that could
be another indication
00:49:53.02\00:49:55.38
that we have got
maybe the site of Hesban.
00:49:55.41\00:49:58.08
A famous
character is Nebuchadnezzar.
00:49:58.11\00:50:02.05
Right, Nebuchadnezzar.
00:50:02.08\00:50:03.32
Yeah, he is from the
Book of Daniel. Correct.
00:50:03.35\00:50:06.24
And most folks have
heard of old Nebuchadnezzar.
00:50:06.27\00:50:11.32
Is there anything
new on Nebuchadnezzar?
00:50:11.35\00:50:15.24
Actually there is it was
just announced not long ago
00:50:15.27\00:50:17.84
that a new stele of
Nebuchadnezzar has been found.
00:50:17.87\00:50:22.28
Interesting, of
all the Babylonian
00:50:22.31\00:50:24.04
and Assyrian kings we don't have
many pictures of Nebuchadnezzar.
00:50:24.07\00:50:26.78
We have his name
on lots of things.
00:50:26.81\00:50:28.66
He puts his name in every
brick of the city of Babylon.
00:50:28.69\00:50:31.03
Is this not great
Babylon that I have built.
00:50:31.06\00:50:33.60
And his name is on the bricks.
00:50:33.63\00:50:34.66
So there is no
doubt about historicity.
00:50:34.69\00:50:36.11
And this recent stele gives
some additional information
00:50:36.14\00:50:38.87
and it shows a picture
of Nebuchadnezzar, perhaps--
00:50:38.90\00:50:40.78
Goodness, a
picture of Nebuchadnezzar.
00:50:40.81\00:50:43.40
Best one ever preserved.
00:50:43.43\00:50:44.46
I think it's only the
4th picture of him ever found
00:50:44.49\00:50:46.95
and this is probably the best.
00:50:46.98\00:50:48.48
It shows the sternness and
the power of this great king.
00:50:48.51\00:50:52.36
And this is the
man who is actually
00:50:52.39\00:50:54.41
mentioned over here
in the Book of Daniel.
00:50:54.44\00:50:57.97
It says in the third
year of the reign of Jehoi,
00:50:58.00\00:51:01.18
king of Judah,
Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon
00:51:01.21\00:51:06.10
came to
Jerusalem and besieged it.
00:51:06.13\00:51:08.62
He is not a myth, is he?
00:51:08.65\00:51:09.98
He is absolutely not a myth. No.
00:51:10.01\00:51:11.19
That's
something no one disputes.
00:51:11.22\00:51:12.51
We have evidence
of Nebuchadnezzar.
00:51:12.54\00:51:14.22
We have his cities.
00:51:14.25\00:51:15.28
We have his name in inscriptions
00:51:15.31\00:51:16.44
and we have a story
in the Book of Daniel.
00:51:16.47\00:51:18.43
But if we hadn't found these
things skeptic would have said
00:51:18.46\00:51:20.65
there was no such
person as Nebuchadnezzar.
00:51:20.68\00:51:22.54
In the early days, yes,
00:51:22.57\00:51:23.75
there was a Sargon for
example is a great case.
00:51:23.78\00:51:26.43
He said, look,
00:51:26.46\00:51:27.50
there's no archeological
evidence for Sargon.
00:51:27.53\00:51:29.43
He wasn't really a
king but then suddenly
00:51:29.46\00:51:31.18
the archeologist found an
inscription with his name on it.
00:51:31.21\00:51:34.00
And Isaiah 20 was referring.
00:51:34.03\00:51:35.88
So we've actually got a
picture now of Nebuchadnezzar.
00:51:35.91\00:51:39.03
Yes, we have a good--
00:51:39.06\00:51:40.09
who became a friend
of the Prophet Daniel.
00:51:40.12\00:51:41.97
That's correct.
00:51:42.00\00:51:43.03
And who ended up
extolling the God of heaven
00:51:43.06\00:51:45.09
because of his
amazing experience.
00:51:45.12\00:51:50.42
Jesus-- Yes.
00:51:50.45\00:51:53.00
You believe in
Jesus? Absolutely.
00:51:53.03\00:51:55.37
There's two levels here.
00:51:55.40\00:51:56.54
I believe in Him historically,
00:51:56.57\00:51:58.45
I also believe Him
as savior of course.
00:51:58.48\00:52:00.00
Let's have the two levels.
00:52:00.03\00:52:01.22
Why do you believe
in Him historically?
00:52:01.25\00:52:03.35
Well historically, the
phenomena of Christianity
00:52:03.38\00:52:06.84
exploded so
quickly it's hard to deny
00:52:06.87\00:52:09.21
that there wasn't
a person behind that.
00:52:09.24\00:52:11.16
But yes, we have references
very close to, you know,
00:52:11.19\00:52:13.96
just after Jesus'
death, Roman historians,
00:52:13.99\00:52:17.08
we have the Jewish
historian Josephus for example.
00:52:17.11\00:52:20.01
We have Pliny the
Younger a Roman historian,
00:52:20.04\00:52:22.36
we have Titicus, others
00:52:22.39\00:52:25.52
who actually make
reference to Jesus.
00:52:25.55\00:52:27.19
Sometimes neutral,
00:52:27.22\00:52:28.51
sometimes what we were going
to do with all these Christians.
00:52:28.54\00:52:30.69
So he is a man of history.
So he is a man of history.
00:52:30.72\00:52:33.04
But on the second level?
00:52:33.07\00:52:35.17
Well, then also
on the second level
00:52:35.20\00:52:36.71
is a spiritual level,
when you open up the Bible
00:52:36.74\00:52:39.30
you read the
loving story of Jesus.
00:52:39.33\00:52:41.27
How He came to die for our sins?
00:52:41.30\00:52:43.47
How He is savior for mankind?
00:52:43.50\00:52:45.86
When you combine
the reading of that
00:52:45.89\00:52:47.22
with the power
of the Holy Spirit,
00:52:47.25\00:52:48.57
which is a subjective experience
on the heart and mind.
00:52:48.60\00:52:51.93
That also is a convicting power
00:52:51.96\00:52:54.20
for the
existence of Jesus Christ.
00:52:54.23\00:52:55.91
But that's not something
I prove archeologically.
00:52:55.94\00:52:57.76
No, no, but Jesus
is your savior. Right.
00:52:57.79\00:53:00.05
And he is your
Lord. That's correct.
00:53:00.08\00:53:01.88
And you have peace. Absolutely.
00:53:01.91\00:53:03.80
And you have
meaning in your life.
00:53:03.83\00:53:05.66
Correct. Yes, the core, yeah.
00:53:05.69\00:53:07.22
And you teach a bunch
of arch's students. Right.
00:53:07.25\00:53:10.74
And you try to communicate
not only the facts of history
00:53:10.77\00:53:14.15
but the truth and the reality
of the lordship of Christ.
00:53:14.18\00:53:17.55
Absolutely, 'cause that's--
00:53:17.58\00:53:18.61
that's the centrality
of the meaning of life.
00:53:18.64\00:53:23.08
We are honored to
know you, Dr. Younker.
00:53:23.11\00:53:27.06
We are proud to be
associated with you.
00:53:27.09\00:53:29.61
We believe that Andrews
University is a great University
00:53:29.64\00:53:33.94
and we believe that
your work that you're doing
00:53:33.97\00:53:36.70
is second to none we
believe it's a great work
00:53:36.73\00:53:39.94
because it's giving
people faith in the old book,
00:53:39.97\00:53:43.82
that points to God the creator.
00:53:43.85\00:53:47.70
And Jesus Christ our Lord.
00:53:47.73\00:53:50.43
I want to thank you
for what you do. Thank you.
00:53:50.46\00:53:53.06
I want to thank you for
coming all the way from Jordan
00:53:53.09\00:53:55.96
and from Andrews University.
00:53:55.99\00:53:57.95
You want to get home, I know.
00:53:57.98\00:54:00.32
We wanted you to
stay for the weekend
00:54:00.35\00:54:01.97
but you haven't
seen your beautiful wife.
00:54:02.00\00:54:03.78
and you go on your way home.
00:54:03.81\00:54:05.57
We say God bless you
and thank you for ministry.
00:54:05.60\00:54:08.39
Thank you, thank you.
00:54:08.42\00:54:09.45
And I want to thank
you for joining us today.
00:54:09.48\00:54:11.66
Please write to me.
00:54:11.69\00:54:13.84
John Carter, PO Box
1900, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91358.
00:54:13.87\00:54:19.94
Its right there on the screen.
00:54:19.97\00:54:21.82
In Australia,
write to me at Terrigal.
00:54:21.85\00:54:23.81
There is the box
number of the screen
00:54:23.84\00:54:26.97
and until next time
keep your faith in God
00:54:27.00\00:54:29.81
Jesus is alive
and may God bless you.
00:54:29.84\00:54:34.19
The Carter report is a
self supporting ministry
00:54:36.47\00:54:39.18
with a global mission.
00:54:39.21\00:54:41.30
We believe that the
most important thing
00:54:41.33\00:54:43.34
that we can do in
this tremendous hour
00:54:43.37\00:54:45.97
is to tell people about the Lord
Jesus Christ because Jesus said,
00:54:46.00\00:54:50.83
"I am the way, the
truth and the life."
00:54:50.86\00:54:53.74
We do not believe that
this is business as usual.
00:54:53.77\00:54:57.84
We believe that we are
living in the closing hours
00:54:57.87\00:55:01.19
in the history of this world.
00:55:01.22\00:55:02.94
Bless your heart, friend.
00:55:02.97\00:55:04.41
Look at the signs that are being
fulfilled almost every day.
00:55:04.44\00:55:08.17
The signs of the
times are shouting at us
00:55:08.20\00:55:11.38
and they are saying,
Jesus is coming soon.
00:55:11.41\00:55:14.76
I want you to be my
partner in global mission.
00:55:14.79\00:55:18.18
I want you to be
my partner in helping
00:55:18.21\00:55:20.69
to tell the world
about the coming of Jesus.
00:55:20.72\00:55:24.00
I want you to be my
partner in the preaching
00:55:24.03\00:55:27.09
of the distinctive truths
of the Three Angels' Messages.
00:55:27.12\00:55:31.87
Please, check us out
00:55:31.90\00:55:34.07
at the new Carter
Report website, catereport.org.
00:55:34.10\00:55:38.87
We have a special section
whereby you can ask questions
00:55:38.90\00:55:43.71
and I will give you the answers
00:55:43.74\00:55:45.48
from the Living
Word of the Living God,
00:55:45.51\00:55:49.16
that is the cartereport.org.
00:55:49.19\00:55:53.71
My friend, we
want you to join us
00:55:53.74\00:55:56.71
in the mission
to preach the gospel
00:55:56.74\00:55:59.11
in China, in India,
in Australia, in Africa,
00:55:59.14\00:56:04.98
in United States of America,
wherever people are lost
00:56:05.01\00:56:09.20
and wherever people need to hear
the good news that Jesus saves.
00:56:09.23\00:56:15.33
Please, check us out,
00:56:15.36\00:56:16.67
the new carter report
website, cartereport.org.
00:56:16.70\00:56:21.58
I want to hear from you today.
00:56:21.61\00:56:24.22