How does the Bible describe
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what a covenant is and
what a covenant is not?
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Join us today on
Back to Our Roots
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and you'll find out.
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Hello, and welcome
to Back to Our Roots.
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I am your host
Pastor Alex Schlusser.
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And I am Rachel
Hyman. My co-host.
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Hi Rachel, how
are you doing today?
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Good, how are you?
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I am good. I am good.
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I am really excited
about our program today.
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We're gonna be tackling
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something that
can be very confusing.
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Today we're going to
be looking at covenant
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but more specifically
from the old covenant
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to what some people don't
like to say is the new covenant.
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And we're gonna
really understand that
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it's not such a bad thing.
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You know, I do a lot
of marriage counseling
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in my pastoral ministry
and one of the things that
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we seem to have
to negotiate around
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is this idea of what a covenant
is versus a contract, right,
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because there
really is a big difference.
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We're going to
explore that. All right.
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So I'd like to bring
out our friend, Sasha.
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He is we call him
our residence scholar
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but all kidding aside, doctor,
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and it's good to
have you with us.
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Dr. Sasha. Yeah,
how are you, Alex?
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How are you,
Rachel? Pretty good.
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Good, how you're
doing, Sasha? Good.
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We're gonna be
talking today about
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one of your favorite subjects.
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Oh, yes. I know that we--
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I would say that we've had
many discussions about this
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but that wouldn't be correct.
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I would have to
say that I've sat
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and listened to you talk
many hours about this topic.
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It was very much a
one sided conversation
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because you have
so much information.
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I know that this
is something that
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you're really interested in.
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So let's first start off
with maybe a very basic thing.
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Sasha, how do we--
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if we're gonna
talk about covenant
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probably most
people don't really
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understand the
difference between
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what a covenant is
and what a contract is.
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How-- what do you think
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would be a good way to
approach explaining that?
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It is important to
see this difference
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because contract is
something which is negotiated.
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Right.
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Covenant, we don't negotiate.
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God gives us this covenant
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and the difference
in divine covenant is
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we can you know, we
have the word covenant used
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many, many times in the Bible
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but there is only one text
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I've found in the
Book of Deuteronomy 29:12
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where we have a very specific
definition of the covenant.
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And this is kind of
like an interesting line,
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"To enter the covenant
with the Lord your God to
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and His sacred oath."
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Right. Let me read it.
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It says, "So that you may enter
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into the sworn
covenant of the Lord your God,
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which the Lord your God
is making with you today."
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Now it goes on, let
me read this last peek
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because it say, "that
he may establish you today
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as his people, and
he may be your God."
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So this translation is
not the literal one but it's--
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they try to waiver
this sworn covenant.
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So what would be a
better way to say that then?
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In the original
you can find that
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in like New King James Bible,
the New American Standard Bible,
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the literal used, "To enter the
covenant with the Lord of God,"
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and then it says, "With
to enter the sacred oath."
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So it's
important these two lines
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because basically
it's using the same idea,
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different words
put in different words.
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And so you have
covenant as an oath
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which God gives to people,
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that's through this oath
Israel becomes God's people.
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So you know, we just mentioned
Deuteronomy Chapter 29,
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probably the
passage or the concept
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that most people
would be familiar with
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would be the Abrahamic Covenant.
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But there is covenant
that appears before that.
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What was the first time
that God uses that concept?
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The first time God uses
the concept of covenant,
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the term covenant is
used in Genesis Chapter 9.
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And it's--the event
happened after the flood
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when Noah and his
family come out of the ark
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and there is an
interesting dynamics here.
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Noah comes out and
first thing he does
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he builds the
altar and he brings out
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and he offers sacrifices,
burnt offerings to the Lord.
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And God smells sweet
aroma of the burnt offering.
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This sounds really strange
to more than reader, you know.
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You burn the
carcass of the animal,
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there's no sweetness in that
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but in fact the
whole burnt offerings
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are used
throughout the Old Testament
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in the context of that
establishing the covenant
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or relationship with the Lord.
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Anytime you know,
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Israel departs from
the Lord than they repent,
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they bring the burnt offerings
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to re-establish
the covenant with God.
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Also you have two lambs
on the altar burn daily,
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evening and morning
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and they are burned
as a whole burnt offering
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like having this
smoke of the covenant
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coming ascendant to heavens
sort of building the bridge,
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assuring Israel that God
has His unchangeable presence
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and care over His people.
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Right.
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So in the Abrahamic Covenant
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then which I've
already mentioned--God,
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I think He does
something kind of unusual
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and I know you have a
lot to speak to about this
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but you know, typically
a covenan is between two.
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But in the Abrahamic Covenant
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that's not exactly
what happens, right?
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Exactly.
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What Abraham--we need to
kind of look at the history,
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its 18th century B.C.
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Before Messiah. Yeah.
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It's 18th century
BC, that's a long time,
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this is early second millennium.
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When Abraham moves
into the land of Canaan,
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this land is under the influence
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of a large
ancient Hittite Empire
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which is in the modern Turkey.
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And Hittites, they had
a very interesting ritual,
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they had the clay tablets
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written in cuneiform
script describing it.
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When a Hittite king
would conquer the city
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and the city would surrender,
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they would have this
ceremony when the defeated king
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would swear his
allegiance to the Hittite king.
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And this was done by them
severing the animals in half,
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right and placing them along
the road and I think this is--
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Donkeys, yeah.
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But then that king
who had lost the battle
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would walk through
this basically proclaiming
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if I ever go against
you, if I don't honor you,
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if I don't do
what you ask me to do--
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If I break this covenant--
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May I be like the
donkeys cut in half.
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Yeah, I'll be like
these donkeys cut in half.
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So then when we go to
the story in the Bible
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about Abraham and the covenant,
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we have a similar
picture that God has Abraham
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prepare these animals, right?
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But then God
puts Abraham to sleep.
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Yes, and God--
Abraham falls asleep
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because he is
waiting for God to appear
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at the head of the
road so that he could walk--
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Abraham could walk in between.
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Between
swearing his faithfulness
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and this doesn't happen.
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Abraham falls
asleep and he sees how God
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who is portrayed like a
fire as from the furnace
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walking between these
animals consuming them.
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So basically it wasn't
Abraham oath to swear that,
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yeah, I am gonna be faithful
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otherwise you cut
me in half, Lord God.
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It was God who was doing that.
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And in Hebrew what
really is exciting,
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in Hebrew when it
says, "God made covenant,"
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so it's translate literally
it means God cut the covenant.
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Right. So that's--
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Cut the covenant? Exactly.
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God cut the covenant.
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So when we go to--
that's basically to say that
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this idea of severing, you know,
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splitting this in the half
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so that covenant is
really through sacrifice.
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But the thing, I
think that amazing thing is
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that God literally makes
the covenant with Himself
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on behalf of Abraham
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because now it
becomes the covenant
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that Abraham can't break.
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Exactly.
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If Abraham breaks the
covenant God is suffering.
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God says, if you
Abraham, break this covenant,
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I am going to be cut
off like these animals.
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What does that mean exactly?
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Well, this is what
exactly what Jesus did.
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When we break the covenant
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our
transgression of the covenant
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caused Jesus to suffer.
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And the same word cut off
as cutting off the covenant
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when you go to Daniel 9,
the only text that talks about
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the time of the
Messiah, it's the same word,
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Messiah shall be cut off.
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Interesting.
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Let's talk about
another big episode of covenant
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and that is when
God is making covenant
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with the children of
Israel at Mount Sinai.
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This really becomes a pattern
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for something that
even today is going on.
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Oh, exactly. Right.
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This is the pattern for
the modern Jewish wedding.
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Yes, because the word
which we just mentioned
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in Deuteronomy
29:12, the sacred oath
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and it's a good translation
of this Hebrew word Allah
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which means a marriage of,
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the oath of marital loyalty.
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And this is exactly what
the covenant is all about.
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When you look while
there is no word used in Exodus
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when they have this experience
but the prophets like Jeremiah,
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Ezekiel especially,
Ezekiel is very clear.
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Ezekiel in Chapter 16
describes the Exodus from Egypt
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and the Israelite at Sinai
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as the wedding between
Him, between God and Israel.
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And that's the root of how today
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Christians believe the
church is the bride of Christ.
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So that's-- This is--
and does that carry over,
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you know, you say Christians
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but that seems to be
pretty common concept that
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even carries into
Revelation. Oh, absolutely.
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Right, this idea of
God's people being the bride.
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Yeah, that's the
coming of Jesus is
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the wedding feast of the lamb.
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The reason why because,
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you know, the
wedding has two parts.
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First part is betrothal and
then there is an actual wedding.
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So at the betrothal a young man
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who used to be the
bridegroom comes to
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the young woman and
declares to her, behold,
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now you are holy to me according
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to the Law of Moses and Israel.
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And so if the girl
takes the piece of gold
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she agrees to this,
she became sanctified.
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That's how the betrothal
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and in literally it
means sanctification.
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The engagement between the bride
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and the groom is
the sanctification.
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And so she becomes
basically forbidden
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to all other men except the one
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from whom she took
this piece of gold.
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So that brings us
interestingly to next thing
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I wanted to talk to you
about, Sasha, is that okay,
00:14:21.83\00:14:25.30
so if the women or
we're talking about
00:14:25.33\00:14:27.76
let's say God's
people have been set
00:14:27.79\00:14:29.57
apart to be holy unto Him.
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Well, we know though history
00:14:31.73\00:14:33.33
that the Hebrews,
Israelites weren't always
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that they had become unfaithful
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and the prophet
speak to that specifically
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in the Book of Jeremiah
Chapter 3, is that correct?
00:14:44.52\00:14:48.29
Correct, absolutely.
00:14:48.32\00:14:49.97
In fact it is interesting
that when we talk about
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the holy we kind of connected
with sin and sinfulness
00:14:54.91\00:14:59.25
and things sinlessness,
this is not correct.
00:14:59.28\00:15:02.47
The holy means consecrated,
the opposite it's adulteress.
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So when Israel goes
into idolatry God sees it
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as the act of
adultery which basically is
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if you look at the
Decalogue, Ten Commandments
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you got two commandments
dealing with faithfulness.
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Commandment
number seven is dealing
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between two human spouses
and commandment number one,
00:15:33.53\00:15:39.24
it's faithfulness to God.
00:15:39.27\00:15:41.04
The same way you
can't build marriage if
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there is any
third party involved,
00:15:44.75\00:15:47.52
the same way you can't
build your relationship with God
00:15:47.55\00:15:51.16
if there is something, if
you worship somebody else.
00:15:51.19\00:15:54.36
That's why, "Thou shall not
have any other God before me."
00:15:54.39\00:15:58.34
And so in this context Jeremiah
00:15:58.37\00:16:01.50
Chapter 2 speaks
about the divorce.
00:16:01.53\00:16:07.12
Basically it's
like he tells Israel,
00:16:07.15\00:16:11.18
you know, Israe you
have had too many lovers,
00:16:11.21\00:16:15.93
you have committed
adultery with too many Gods
00:16:15.96\00:16:19.23
and that's why I have
full reasons to divorce you.
00:16:19.26\00:16:24.52
And according to
the Book of Deuteronomy
00:16:24.55\00:16:27.20
that was the
intent of Deuteronomy 24,
00:16:27.23\00:16:31.44
not to allow Jews
in the Old Testament
00:16:31.47\00:16:35.90
to divorce their wives but
to forbid if the marriage is
00:16:35.93\00:16:42.10
broken that the, you know that
00:16:42.13\00:16:44.81
the woman could not return back,
00:16:44.84\00:16:46.96
it can't be
restore after you know,
00:16:46.99\00:16:49.36
it remarried but
God said, you know what?
00:16:49.39\00:16:53.00
It is what it is but I ask
you to come back, return to Me.
00:16:53.03\00:16:57.83
What, Sasha, what is-- you know,
00:16:57.86\00:17:00.47
we started this off talking
about covenant versus contract
00:17:00.50\00:17:04.34
and everything
but I really want to
00:17:04.37\00:17:06.60
just take a little bit of time.
00:17:06.63\00:17:09.07
Typically people would say
00:17:09.10\00:17:10.83
the old covenant
and the new covenant.
00:17:10.86\00:17:12.96
In just a
minute we're gonna look
00:17:12.99\00:17:14.02
at Jeremiah Chapter
31 which is the portion
00:17:14.05\00:17:18.24
that really describes
what God is going to do
00:17:18.27\00:17:20.09
in the context of
the new covenant, okay.
00:17:20.12\00:17:23.21
We had this
discussion quite a bit,
00:17:23.24\00:17:26.72
the old covenant,
all right, I don't think
00:17:26.75\00:17:31.00
that most people
really have a concept
00:17:31.03\00:17:32.67
of exactly other
than looking at well,
00:17:32.70\00:17:35.29
it's the Old Testament,
that's' the old covenant, okay.
00:17:35.32\00:17:37.99
But what really--
what is the old covenant?
00:17:38.02\00:17:42.98
And I think a lot of people
are going to be surprised.
00:17:43.01\00:17:45.73
Yes, in the book
of Hebrews Chapter 9,
00:17:45.76\00:17:48.85
Paul clearly describes to us
00:17:48.88\00:17:51.30
what the old
covenant constitutes.
00:17:51.33\00:17:53.76
The old covenant constitutes
the sacrificial system that was
00:17:53.79\00:17:59.84
going on in the temple
and the human priesthood.
00:17:59.87\00:18:05.17
That was the part
of the old covenant.
00:18:05.20\00:18:07.36
But I think
what's really important
00:18:07.39\00:18:09.04
is that God had
established in the midst
00:18:09.07\00:18:11.97
of His people that
here was the only place,
00:18:12.00\00:18:14.46
this location, specific
place that everything had
00:18:14.49\00:18:19.28
to happen, right? Only there.
00:18:19.31\00:18:22.06
So I know you are
like, you can see Sasha
00:18:22.09\00:18:25.00
is like ready to jump
on it all over the place.
00:18:25.03\00:18:27.00
But with that
thought that God had--
00:18:27.03\00:18:29.89
the old covenant is really based
on location specific action.
00:18:29.92\00:18:34.29
Geographic location.
Geographic location, exactly.
00:18:34.32\00:18:38.22
Let's go over--
Because the glory of God
00:18:38.25\00:18:40.88
was on the Ark of the Covenant.
00:18:40.91\00:18:45.53
And in a specific
place and only there.
00:18:45.56\00:18:48.00
But now God comes along through
the prophet Jeremiah and he
00:18:48.03\00:18:51.97
lays out something that
sounds completely different.
00:18:52.00\00:18:54.91
And He say this,
this is Jeremiah 31:31,
00:18:54.94\00:18:59.05
"Behold, the days are
coming, declares the Lord,
00:18:59.08\00:19:01.80
when I will make a new covenant
with the house of Israel
00:19:01.83\00:19:05.62
and the house of
Judah, Not like the covenant
00:19:05.65\00:19:08.05
that I made with
their fathers on the day
00:19:08.08\00:19:09.80
when I took them by the
hand to bring them out of
00:19:09.83\00:19:12.15
the land of Egypt, my
covenant that they broke,
00:19:12.18\00:19:15.65
though I was their
husband,"talking about
00:19:15.68\00:19:18.11
the marriage illusion
there, "declares the Lord.
00:19:18.14\00:19:21.60
For this is the
covenant that I will make,"
00:19:21.63\00:19:24.04
you know, I want you to know
00:19:24.07\00:19:25.10
how many times it's I
will, I will, I will in this,
00:19:25.13\00:19:28.14
"that I will make with the house
00:19:28.17\00:19:29.52
of Israel after those
days, declares the Lord,
00:19:29.55\00:19:31.69
I will put my law within them,
00:19:31.72\00:19:33.92
I will write it on their hearts,
00:19:33.95\00:19:36.90
I will be their God,
00:19:36.93\00:19:38.75
and they shall be
my people." Beautiful.
00:19:38.78\00:19:42.70
So there is very
specifically something different
00:19:42.73\00:19:47.26
that is gonna
happen here. Exactly.
00:19:47.29\00:19:49.75
Number one what we see
00:19:49.78\00:19:51.21
that the new
covenant is a re-marriage.
00:19:51.24\00:19:54.42
You know, people always
and we're gonna be talking
00:19:54.45\00:19:56.87
about this even more that
God makes new covenant with
00:19:56.90\00:20:02.20
the same people of Israel,
that's with Israel and Judas.
00:20:02.23\00:20:05.48
So He forgives, He remarries,
He gives another chance to
00:20:05.51\00:20:10.96
His people and of course,
but there is a difference.
00:20:10.99\00:20:14.80
He says, I will write
my laws into their hearts.
00:20:14.83\00:20:19.61
So that's why you
have to understand
00:20:19.64\00:20:22.99
the geographic location
you know, it was very strict.
00:20:23.17\00:20:27.92
Deuteronomy 12, strictly forbade
00:20:27.95\00:20:31.25
any type of
sacrificial service worship
00:20:31.28\00:20:34.96
any other place except the place
00:20:34.99\00:20:37.74
where the Lord God
established His name in it.
00:20:37.77\00:20:42.45
So it was very clear
00:20:42.48\00:20:44.35
but when you look at the promise
00:20:44.38\00:20:47.77
which God--which Jesus
makes to Samaritan women.
00:20:47.80\00:20:51.87
Samaritan women,
the dialogue, she asks,
00:20:51.90\00:20:55.14
where is the true
place where everybody goes?
00:20:55.17\00:20:58.26
Is this
Jerusalem? Are Jews right?
00:20:58.29\00:21:00.73
And she said, Jews right.
00:21:00.76\00:21:01.95
In the context of where
they worship, she's asking.
00:21:01.98\00:21:04.54
Yeah. Jews are right.
00:21:04.57\00:21:06.09
You don't know whom you worship
so relation is of the Jew
00:21:06.12\00:21:09.89
but the time is
coming and now is
00:21:09.92\00:21:13.62
when the true
worshippers will worship
00:21:13.65\00:21:16.75
not in any geographical
location but and it says in--
00:21:16.78\00:21:21.22
In spirit and
truth. In spirit and truth.
00:21:21.25\00:21:24.07
And people don't
understand what is in spirit,
00:21:24.10\00:21:27.93
but when you look at the events
that happened at the Pentecost.
00:21:27.96\00:21:33.10
And when you look at
00:21:33.13\00:21:34.56
the image of the
holy-- God's glory
00:21:34.59\00:21:38.70
you realize this
is what's happening.
00:21:38.73\00:21:42.07
It is God's
glory, the spirit of God
00:21:42.10\00:21:45.42
that was geographically located
00:21:45.45\00:21:48.16
inside the most
holy of the temple
00:21:48.19\00:21:50.60
for many hundreds of years.
00:21:50.63\00:21:52.75
At the day of the Pentecost--
on the day of Pentecost
00:21:52.78\00:21:56.28
moves from that
geographic location
00:21:56.31\00:21:59.15
into the hearts of the believer.
00:21:59.18\00:22:01.89
And you know what I
think is really exciting
00:22:01.92\00:22:04.85
is that not only is that
their spiritual manifestation
00:22:04.88\00:22:08.63
that the Holy Spirit
has moved into their hearts,
00:22:08.66\00:22:10.96
God, I think gives them
a physical manifestation
00:22:10.99\00:22:14.72
because it's describe that a
flame descended as tons of fire
00:22:14.75\00:22:19.16
and Sasha, I've always
seen that as a picture.
00:22:19.19\00:22:21.89
You know, when the
Tabernacle in the Wilderness,
00:22:21.92\00:22:23.88
the evidence of the
dwelling presence of God
00:22:23.91\00:22:25.92
was this fire,
this flow of fire.
00:22:25.95\00:22:29.19
So here's they are
on Pentecost on the day
00:22:29.22\00:22:32.20
when the
outpouring of the Holy Spirit
00:22:32.23\00:22:33.98
is happening upon God's
people, now upon their hearts.
00:22:34.01\00:22:37.46
What happens, not only does
the Holy Spirit indwell them
00:22:37.49\00:22:40.26
just as the prophet Jeremiah
said but God evidences that
00:22:40.29\00:22:44.00
and says look, you are
now My moving tabernacle.
00:22:44.03\00:22:47.85
That's awesome. Okay.
00:22:47.88\00:22:48.98
And it's symboled by
the flame that dances
00:22:49.01\00:22:52.34
and they see these tons
of fire upon their head.
00:22:52.37\00:22:55.53
And that's really friends,
what God is saying to us
00:22:55.56\00:22:59.74
that it's not a
geographical location.
00:22:59.77\00:23:03.44
You know when
someone ask me the question,
00:23:03.47\00:23:05.57
where is church,
so to speak, okay?
00:23:05.60\00:23:09.18
Church is not a
building, all right.
00:23:09.21\00:23:11.97
Church is wherever we are
and wherever God is with us.
00:23:12.00\00:23:17.71
I think that's what
Jeremiah is alluding to.
00:23:17.74\00:23:20.80
Speaking clearly that we
are under the new covenant
00:23:20.83\00:23:25.01
become the temple
of the Holy Spirit
00:23:25.04\00:23:29.54
and God dwells with us
00:23:29.57\00:23:31.16
that we are moving
temple, 1 Corinthians.
00:23:31.19\00:23:33.75
Right. Right. So, Rachel.
00:23:33.78\00:23:36.07
Yes. You have a song for us.
00:23:36.10\00:23:37.92
Yes, Yedid Nefesh,
00:23:37.95\00:23:39.10
actually I learned
this song from Sasha,
00:23:39.13\00:23:40.53
so he can describe it perfectly.
00:23:40.56\00:23:42.50
Yeah. Okay.
00:23:42.53\00:23:43.56
So she's gonna get ready
00:23:43.59\00:23:44.62
and Sasha, tell us
about Yedid Nefesh.
00:23:44.65\00:23:46.95
Beloved of my
soul, wonderful father,
00:23:46.98\00:23:52.32
your servant will run after you
00:23:52.35\00:23:56.36
like a deer to keep,
to fulfill Your holy will.
00:23:56.39\00:24:01.36
Beautiful. Beautiful.
00:24:01.39\00:24:03.20
(Singing in foreign language)
00:24:18.81\00:24:21.81
Wow, Rachel,
what a beautiful song.
00:26:59.22\00:27:01.11
What exactly
does that mean again?
00:27:01.14\00:27:03.55
Yedid Nefesh is
beloved of my soul.
00:27:03.58\00:27:06.42
And we are the
beloved of our Savior's soul.
00:27:06.45\00:27:10.38
Amen. How beautiful.
00:27:10.41\00:27:11.64
You know we've
talked today about covenant,
00:27:11.67\00:27:14.59
the old to the new but
let me tell you something,
00:27:14.62\00:27:17.14
God, our God
loves us so much that--
00:27:17.17\00:27:21.64
I am telling you I just
look forward to that day
00:27:21.67\00:27:24.52
when we will be joined with Him,
00:27:24.55\00:27:26.62
the marriage feast of the lamb
00:27:26.65\00:27:29.15
that all people
from every tribe,
00:27:29.18\00:27:31.37
nation and tongue
will be joined together
00:27:31.40\00:27:33.80
and we will be just praising Him
00:27:33.83\00:27:35.61
with one voice
proclaiming how great He is.
00:27:35.64\00:27:39.55
It's just an amazing
thing and I can't wait.
00:27:39.58\00:27:42.76
So until next time,
may the Lord bless you
00:27:42.79\00:27:46.07
and may He keep you
00:27:46.10\00:27:47.13
and may the Lord make
His face to shine upon you
00:27:47.16\00:27:49.23
and be gracious to you.
00:27:49.26\00:27:50.59
May the Lord lift
His countenance upon you
00:27:50.62\00:27:53.12
and bring you His peace.
00:27:53.15\00:27:55.05
God bless you and see us again
00:27:55.08\00:27:57.14
on Back to Our Roots.
00:27:57.17\00:27:58.60