And comes from the DVD
series, "Awesome Science"
00:00:04.43\00:00:09.27
NOAH JUSTICE: In eastern Utah,
in the Colorado River Basin,
00:00:11.34\00:00:14.88
is a national
park and a monument,
00:00:14.98\00:00:17.45
both with very
unique but similar features.
00:00:17.55\00:00:20.75
Arches National Park
has over 2,000 arches
00:00:20.85\00:00:24.09
formed in sandstone.
00:00:24.19\00:00:25.95
The arches range in size
from very large to super small.
00:00:26.05\00:00:30.46
Some scientists
say that these arches
00:00:30.56\00:00:32.86
formed over millions of years.
00:00:32.96\00:00:35.13
But at the rate
they are eroding away,
00:00:35.23\00:00:37.33
this long time
period would be improbable.
00:00:37.43\00:00:40.84
Then, just south of arches,
is Natural Bridges National
00:00:40.94\00:00:44.41
Monument where
three massive rock ridges
00:00:44.51\00:00:47.11
are found in White Canyon.
00:00:47.21\00:00:49.51
They are some of the largest
natural bridges in the world.
00:00:49.61\00:00:52.98
Yet, there is no river
that runs through this canyon.
00:00:53.08\00:00:56.89
Flash floods are supposed
to be the erosion agent.
00:00:56.99\00:01:00.56
But again, the
time frame that they
00:01:00.66\00:01:02.59
used to determine the ages
of these awesome natural bridges
00:01:02.69\00:01:06.76
doesn't match
the rate of erosion.
00:01:06.86\00:01:08.66
Some other mechanism with faster
erosion rates was at work.
00:01:08.76\00:01:13.23
In addition, at the
bottom of one of these bridges
00:01:13.34\00:01:15.94
is a mysterious figure
drawn by ancient settlers which
00:01:16.04\00:01:19.47
gives hints of early animals
in the southwest, specifically
00:01:19.57\00:01:23.81
what looks like a
sauropod dinosaur.
00:01:23.91\00:01:26.61
Let's explore
these parks and find out
00:01:26.72\00:01:28.88
how the Bible gives us hints
about their formation and age.
00:01:28.98\00:01:33.66
All this and more,
next on "Awesome Science."
00:01:33.76\00:01:42.00
"Awesome Science"
takes you on a field trip
00:01:42.10\00:01:44.93
to some of the most amazing
geologic and historic sites
00:01:45.03\00:01:48.57
around the world, where we
used the Bible as our history
00:01:48.67\00:01:52.14
guidebook to interpret what we
see, that Bible can be trusted,
00:01:52.24\00:01:56.31
and empirical
science falls in line
00:01:56.41\00:01:58.45
with the biblical
account of creation,
00:01:58.55\00:02:00.55
the fall, and the flood.
00:02:00.65\00:02:03.25
Science, it's awesome.
00:02:03.35\00:02:05.12
[music playing]
00:02:05.22\00:02:07.36
This whole region is part of the
Grand Staircase, a 10,000 foot
00:02:07.42\00:02:12.13
sequence of strata that has
been revealed through erosion.
00:02:12.23\00:02:16.60
These sandstone layers are known
to cover entire continents,
00:02:16.70\00:02:20.50
spreading across to
Europe and North Africa.
00:02:20.60\00:02:23.94
There is no other
logical explanation,
00:02:24.04\00:02:26.44
other than a
massive catastrophic event,
00:02:26.54\00:02:28.84
which could
produce these layers.
00:02:28.94\00:02:31.18
Secular geologists
believe inland seas in deserts,
00:02:31.28\00:02:34.78
over millions of
years, laid down these layers.
00:02:34.88\00:02:38.09
Oceans would come and go.
00:02:38.19\00:02:40.69
But the evidence is
much more consistent
00:02:40.79\00:02:43.16
with the layers being laid
down very quickly by water,
00:02:43.26\00:02:46.36
with little time
passing between the layers.
00:02:46.46\00:02:49.46
In addition, many of the
layers contain large cross-beds.
00:02:49.56\00:02:53.70
Cross-beds can be formed by
desert wind or moving water.
00:02:53.80\00:02:58.07
Scientists can
determine which process
00:02:58.17\00:03:00.44
created the dunes by the
downslope angle of the dunes.
00:03:00.54\00:03:04.65
Lower angles indicate that
they were formed under water.
00:03:04.75\00:03:08.92
All the cross-beds in
these sandstone layers
00:03:09.02\00:03:11.59
are lower-angled
dunes, indicating
00:03:11.69\00:03:14.12
they were all formed in a
massive catastrophic water
00:03:14.22\00:03:17.56
event spanning the continents.
00:03:17.66\00:03:20.23
Only one event
in recorded history
00:03:20.33\00:03:22.66
could have accomplished this--
the global flood of Noah's day.
00:03:22.76\00:03:27.00
Most scientists can agree
that natural bridges are formed
00:03:27.27\00:03:30.17
by erosion from water that flows
in the stream bed of a canyon.
00:03:30.27\00:03:35.14
It is thought by
secular geologists
00:03:35.24\00:03:37.31
that the bridges here
were formed over long periods
00:03:37.41\00:03:40.58
of time by flash floods.
00:03:40.68\00:03:42.78
Yet, there is no regular
stream or river in this canyon.
00:03:42.88\00:03:47.76
Flash floods, which
are common in this area,
00:03:47.86\00:03:50.63
can undercut the
walls of rock, separating
00:03:50.73\00:03:53.16
the meandering gooseneck
sections of the stream.
00:03:53.26\00:03:56.26
With enough water and force,
the rock wall within the meander
00:03:56.36\00:04:00.44
is undercut and
the meander is cut off.
00:04:00.54\00:04:03.64
A new stream bed then
flows under the bridge.
00:04:03.74\00:04:07.61
Eventually, as erosion and
gravity enlarge the bridges
00:04:07.71\00:04:11.21
opening, the bridge can
collapse under its own weight.
00:04:11.31\00:04:15.25
There is evidence of at least
two collapsed natural bridges
00:04:15.35\00:04:18.99
within the monument.
00:04:19.09\00:04:21.16
Scientists have
estimated that in times past,
00:04:21.26\00:04:24.29
even more
existed in this canyon.
00:04:24.39\00:04:27.23
But all of this is
based on observations
00:04:27.30\00:04:30.07
they make in other
canyons around the world.
00:04:30.17\00:04:33.27
The fact is, nobody was
here when these bridges formed.
00:04:33.37\00:04:37.37
So we have to
use forensic science
00:04:37.47\00:04:39.87
to try and piece
together what happened
00:04:39.97\00:04:42.34
and make our best guess.
00:04:42.44\00:04:44.61
Forensic science investigates
all possible elements
00:04:44.71\00:04:48.18
of a past
process, trying to come up
00:04:48.28\00:04:50.72
with an idea of how it happened.
00:04:50.82\00:04:52.99
Some call this
historical science
00:04:53.09\00:04:55.42
because what really
happened was in the past.
00:04:55.52\00:04:58.36
We cannot repeat it in the lab.
00:04:58.46\00:05:01.50
In the case of
this canyon, there
00:05:01.60\00:05:03.43
isn't a lab big
enough in the world
00:05:03.53\00:05:05.53
to recreate the
erosion that happened here.
00:05:05.63\00:05:08.94
So scientists have to
make their best educated guess.
00:05:09.04\00:05:13.04
Therein lies the
problem because people's bias
00:05:13.14\00:05:16.78
can get in the way
of the best explanation.
00:05:16.88\00:05:20.32
Just like you can come to
the wrong conclusion on a murder
00:05:20.42\00:05:23.52
case if you dismiss
some of the evidence,
00:05:23.62\00:05:25.79
if you don't use the
right approach or worldview,
00:05:25.89\00:05:29.09
you can come to the wrong
conclusions and explanations
00:05:29.19\00:05:32.39
about Earth's history.
00:05:32.49\00:05:34.46
We do know that flash
floods happen in this area,
00:05:34.56\00:05:37.57
especially during the monsoon
season in mid-to-late summer.
00:05:37.67\00:05:42.10
But we should look
at the bigger picture.
00:05:42.20\00:05:45.44
This part of the southwest lies
in the Colorado River Basin.
00:05:45.54\00:05:49.74
The Colorado River
basin drains a total
00:05:49.84\00:05:52.61
of 243,000 square miles, an
area roughly the size of France.
00:05:52.71\00:05:59.15
Large reservoirs and canyons
are contained in the area
00:05:59.25\00:06:02.62
today including Lake Powell,
the Grand Canyon, and Lake Mead.
00:06:02.72\00:06:07.50
The drainage eventually ends
up in the Gulf of California.
00:06:07.60\00:06:11.83
Secular scientists claim
that the geologic features
00:06:11.93\00:06:14.74
in the Colorado River Basin were
eroded over millions of years
00:06:14.84\00:06:18.81
through slow and
gradual processes,
00:06:18.91\00:06:21.04
yet evidence is mounting
that these features were
00:06:21.14\00:06:24.25
eroded quickly in a
massive event not that long ago.
00:06:24.35\00:06:28.78
One example is the vertical
walls in many of the canyons.
00:06:28.88\00:06:33.15
The process of erosion would
have destroyed the steep walls
00:06:33.25\00:06:36.49
long ago if they took
millions of years to form.
00:06:36.59\00:06:40.16
Evidence of this
is seen in places
00:06:40.26\00:06:42.30
like Zion Canyon in
Utah, where the vertical walls
00:06:42.40\00:06:45.83
are more than 1,000 feet high.
00:06:45.93\00:06:48.24
Yet there is little debris
at the bottom of the canyon.
00:06:48.34\00:06:51.87
Catastrophic events
recently at Mount St. Helens
00:06:51.97\00:06:55.34
give us clues to how water could
have easily carved out canyons
00:06:55.44\00:06:59.15
in a matter of hours.
00:06:59.25\00:07:01.22
In 1982, there was
an eruption at Mount St.
00:07:01.32\00:07:04.49
Helens that sent a large amount
of water across the blast zone.
00:07:04.59\00:07:08.69
That water ponded in one area.
00:07:08.79\00:07:10.99
But that pond breached,
quickly draining the area,
00:07:11.09\00:07:14.36
leaving behind large canyons.
00:07:14.46\00:07:18.23
This shows how catastrophic
processes on a small scale
00:07:18.33\00:07:21.97
can produce features
secular scientists thought
00:07:22.07\00:07:24.71
took long ages to form.
00:07:24.81\00:07:27.41
The White Canyon is a drainage
system of the Rocky Mountains.
00:07:27.51\00:07:31.51
There is no river
system in this area.
00:07:31.61\00:07:33.88
But the canyon provides drainage
when there are heavy rains.
00:07:33.98\00:07:38.02
Just on simple observation,
it seems highly unlikely
00:07:38.12\00:07:41.36
that there is
enough rain annually
00:07:41.46\00:07:43.26
to carve out these massive
canyons at Natural Bridges.
00:07:43.36\00:07:46.66
Some other
mechanism has been at work
00:07:46.76\00:07:49.16
that isn't operating today.
00:07:49.26\00:07:51.53
After 150 days
of the global flood,
00:07:51.63\00:07:54.50
the Bible tells us that
water covered the entire Earth.
00:07:54.60\00:07:58.74
Up to this point,
massive amounts of sediment
00:07:58.84\00:08:01.28
were being laid down across the
entire Earth under the waters.
00:08:01.38\00:08:06.11
Evidence for this
exists all around the world
00:08:06.21\00:08:09.12
with 75% of the
Earth's land surface
00:08:09.22\00:08:12.22
comprised of sedimentary layers.
00:08:12.32\00:08:14.89
Psalm 104 tells us
as the flood continued,
00:08:14.99\00:08:18.13
mountains rose and valley sank.
00:08:18.23\00:08:20.73
This would have begun
to shift of the waters,
00:08:20.83\00:08:23.30
creating massive sheet
erosion across the continents.
00:08:23.40\00:08:27.44
Evidence of this is seen
at places like Devil's Tower
00:08:27.54\00:08:30.84
in northeast
Wyoming, where thousands
00:08:30.94\00:08:33.07
of feet of sedimentary
layers were removed rapidly.
00:08:33.17\00:08:37.08
As the Rockies rose at
the end stages of the flood,
00:08:37.18\00:08:40.18
the sheet erosion would
have eventually lessened
00:08:40.28\00:08:42.52
and channelized
erosion would have begun.
00:08:42.62\00:08:45.45
Large lakes would have also been
left at the end of the flood.
00:08:45.55\00:08:49.22
Places like the Grand Canyon,
Zion Canyon, and White Canyon
00:08:49.32\00:08:53.36
would have been formed in a
very short time, just like what
00:08:53.46\00:08:56.56
happened at Mount St. Helens.
00:08:56.67\00:08:59.20
We don't know
whether the bridges
00:08:59.30\00:09:00.94
were formed during the receding
parts of the flood or after.
00:09:01.04\00:09:04.71
But because the canyons
meander at sharp angles,
00:09:04.81\00:09:08.11
minor cutting could
have started during the end
00:09:08.21\00:09:10.61
stages of the flood.
00:09:10.71\00:09:12.11
But the major
cutting of these canyons
00:09:12.21\00:09:14.65
could have been post-flood.
00:09:14.75\00:09:16.69
The oceans were much warmer
in the past due to volcanic
00:09:16.79\00:09:20.06
activity.
00:09:20.16\00:09:21.36
Creation scientists maintain
that the oceans were thus
00:09:21.46\00:09:24.73
very warm after
the flood, producing
00:09:24.83\00:09:27.50
large amounts of precipitation
around these areas.
00:09:27.60\00:09:31.47
This very large
amount of rain falling
00:09:31.57\00:09:33.87
for several
hundred years, would have
00:09:33.97\00:09:35.67
continued to erode the
canyons and valleys created
00:09:35.77\00:09:39.01
during the flood.
00:09:39.11\00:09:40.64
We know that man lived
here for several thousand years.
00:09:40.74\00:09:44.35
The Bible indicates
that after Babel, man
00:09:44.45\00:09:47.45
spread out across the Earth.
00:09:47.55\00:09:49.65
The evidence of
pictographs and petroglyphs
00:09:49.75\00:09:52.25
indicate that they
were here some time
00:09:52.35\00:09:54.62
after the bridges were made.
00:09:54.72\00:09:56.66
So there is a short
window between the end
00:09:56.76\00:09:59.33
of the flood and Babel
when White Canyon was cut
00:09:59.43\00:10:02.33
and the bridges were carved out.
00:10:02.43\00:10:04.90
Estimates are,
this area was formed
00:10:05.00\00:10:07.30
within several hundred
years after the flood or about
00:10:07.40\00:10:10.81
4,000 years ago.
00:10:10.91\00:10:13.24
We know at the end of the flood
that the ice age grew rapidly.
00:10:13.34\00:10:17.75
As ice developed in
the higher elevations,
00:10:17.85\00:10:20.25
the lowlands would have
received much more precipitation
00:10:20.35\00:10:23.25
than seen today.
00:10:23.35\00:10:25.65
Creation scientists
believe that the ice age
00:10:25.75\00:10:28.36
didn't last for more
than a few hundred years.
00:10:28.46\00:10:31.99
Evidence suggests that
it grew quickly and melted
00:10:32.09\00:10:35.13
catastrophically.
00:10:35.23\00:10:36.90
We can look to places
like the Pacific Northwest
00:10:37.00\00:10:39.93
where we find evidence of a
massive melt-off of the ice age
00:10:40.04\00:10:44.04
in what we call
the Missoula Floods.
00:10:44.14\00:10:47.21
Throughout the world, the
quick melt-off of the ice age
00:10:47.31\00:10:50.31
resulted in large lakes being
held back by large ice dams.
00:10:50.41\00:10:54.98
The dam holding back
glacial Lake Missoula
00:10:55.08\00:10:57.42
broke, producing the
largest flash flood in history,
00:10:57.52\00:11:01.12
carving out canyons and
scablands in just a few days
00:11:01.22\00:11:04.79
across hundreds of miles.
00:11:04.89\00:11:07.13
Evidence
suggests that the Rockies
00:11:07.23\00:11:09.03
would have also produced similar
conditions of regional floods,
00:11:09.13\00:11:12.50
only on a smaller scale.
00:11:12.60\00:11:14.50
One such example is
in the Madison Valley,
00:11:14.60\00:11:17.44
just north of Yellowstone.
00:11:17.54\00:11:20.04
As the large glaciers
melted quickly from the Rockies,
00:11:20.14\00:11:23.18
they could have
produced flash floods
00:11:23.28\00:11:25.01
as the water was
released down into the valleys.
00:11:25.11\00:11:28.08
If White Canyon had
already been partially cut
00:11:28.18\00:11:30.59
by receding flood
waters during the time of Noah,
00:11:30.69\00:11:33.56
then these flash
floods from melting glaciers
00:11:33.66\00:11:35.82
would have eroded
the canyon even more.
00:11:35.92\00:11:38.69
[music playing]
00:11:38.79\00:11:40.03
Much of the
literature will tell you
00:11:40.13\00:11:42.06
that it takes centuries to
carve out these natural bridges.
00:11:42.16\00:11:45.73
But this may not be the case.
00:11:45.83\00:11:48.54
We know of a
process called cavitation
00:11:48.64\00:11:51.51
where the
pressures of high water flow
00:11:51.61\00:11:53.48
can carve out rock
in a matter of minutes.
00:11:53.58\00:11:56.68
We've seen this
process in action
00:11:56.78\00:11:58.65
back in 1980 at Glen Canyon Dam.
00:11:58.75\00:12:02.22
A huge amount of
spring runoff at Lake Powell
00:12:02.32\00:12:05.15
threatened to
overflow Glen Canyon Dam.
00:12:05.25\00:12:08.06
So the engineers
opened the floodgates.
00:12:08.16\00:12:11.39
The incredible amount of
water running down the tubes
00:12:11.49\00:12:14.66
was so great that
cavitation took place,
00:12:14.76\00:12:17.60
eroding huge amounts
of concrete and sandstone
00:12:17.70\00:12:21.14
in a matter of seconds.
00:12:21.24\00:12:23.24
So it doesn't take long ages
to form natural bridges, just
00:12:23.34\00:12:27.94
the right conditions.
00:12:28.04\00:12:29.41
The flood, local flash floods,
and the melting of the ice age
00:12:29.51\00:12:33.52
would have
provided the conditions
00:12:33.62\00:12:35.08
to quickly erode this canyon and
form the bridges that span it.
00:12:35.18\00:12:39.42
This program is
brought to you by
00:12:40.19\00:12:42.89
An organization committed
to producing high quality
00:12:44.49\00:12:47.66
science-focused
television content
00:12:47.66\00:12:49.83
all from a Biblical worldview.
00:12:49.83\00:12:52.00
Awesome Science is our kids
series hosted by Noah Justice
00:12:52.00\00:12:55.97
In every episode, Noah
visits the national parks
00:12:55.97\00:12:58.91
and historical sites
to help you understand
00:12:58.91\00:13:01.78
earth's history
using a Biblical worldview.
00:13:01.78\00:13:04.95
Find us online to
watch all of our shows,
00:13:04.95\00:13:07.98
Noah's bloopers, behind
the scenes videos, and special
00:13:07.98\00:13:13.66
interviews. You can also visit
and like our Facebook page.
00:13:13.79\00:13:16.69
Where we post updates,
announcements, and post extra
00:13:16.69\00:13:20.03
videos. Our YouTube channel also
hosts many of videos and bonus
00:13:20.03\00:13:24.70
segments. Thanks for visiting.
We hope you enjoy our great
00:13:24.70\00:13:28.90
content. Anthropologists
estimate that man occupied this
00:13:30.57\00:13:33.91
area several thousand years ago.
00:13:34.01\00:13:35.78
Creation
scientists would confirm this
00:13:35.88\00:13:38.45
as man spread
out across the earth
00:13:38.55\00:13:40.92
after the event at
Babel in the Middle East.
00:13:41.02\00:13:44.35
After several
thousand years of habitation,
00:13:44.45\00:13:46.96
for some unknown
reason, the Anasazi
00:13:47.06\00:13:49.26
left the area at around 1250 AD.
00:13:49.36\00:13:52.59
During their time
of occupation, they
00:13:52.69\00:13:54.73
made many drawings on the
rock about their life here.
00:13:54.83\00:13:58.27
A great collection
of these petroglyphs
00:13:58.37\00:14:00.24
can be found at the
bottom of Kachina Bridge.
00:14:00.34\00:14:04.17
One of these is
especially peculiar.
00:14:04.27\00:14:07.84
There is a petroglyph
bearing a startling resemblance
00:14:07.94\00:14:10.88
to a dinosaur, specifically
a sauropod with a long tail
00:14:10.98\00:14:14.88
and neck and a small head.
00:14:14.98\00:14:17.59
These drawings were made
only a few thousand years ago.
00:14:17.69\00:14:21.52
To hint that
early Americans might
00:14:21.62\00:14:23.96
have seen dinosaurs and
depicted them on canyon walls
00:14:24.06\00:14:27.10
seems like a pretty big claim.
00:14:27.20\00:14:29.93
This is especially true if
you believe dinosaurs died out
00:14:30.03\00:14:33.57
over 65 million years ago like
secular paleontologists insist.
00:14:33.67\00:14:39.27
Secular scientists have
tried to debunk this claim,
00:14:39.37\00:14:42.38
saying that they represent other
animals that the Indians would
00:14:42.48\00:14:45.48
have seen in the southwest.
00:14:45.58\00:14:46.82
But those who believe the Earth
is about 6,000 years old as we
00:14:50.09\00:14:54.02
infer from the
Bible, believe these
00:14:54.12\00:14:55.89
could be the
drawings of dinosaurs
00:14:55.99\00:14:57.93
before they went extinct in this
area a few thousand years ago.
00:14:58.03\00:15:02.73
The Bible says
that all land animals
00:15:02.83\00:15:04.97
were created on day six
of creation, which would
00:15:05.07\00:15:08.27
have included the dinosaurs.
00:15:08.37\00:15:10.67
Noah was commanded to take
two of every kind of land animal
00:15:10.77\00:15:14.54
onto the ark, which would
have also included dinosaurs.
00:15:14.64\00:15:18.88
They came off the
ark about a year later
00:15:18.98\00:15:21.28
and began to repopulate.
00:15:21.38\00:15:23.69
The earth was much different in
climate than before the flood,
00:15:23.79\00:15:27.42
so the dinosaurs probably didn't
come back in the same numbers
00:15:27.52\00:15:30.93
as they had before the flood.
00:15:31.03\00:15:33.29
But is there any supporting
evidence for such a claim?
00:15:33.40\00:15:36.67
Yes, there is.
00:15:36.77\00:15:39.00
Dinosaur
petroglyphs and pictographs
00:15:39.10\00:15:41.07
are much more common than we
hear from the press and secular
00:15:41.17\00:15:44.54
scientists.
00:15:44.64\00:15:45.81
At an ancient temple
and Ankgor, Cambodia,
00:15:45.91\00:15:48.74
a bas relief carving of
a stegosaur has been found.
00:15:48.84\00:15:52.51
This building stone
is over 1,000 years old.
00:15:52.61\00:15:56.12
This culture didn't
practice paleontology either.
00:15:56.22\00:15:59.49
Forensic science
would lead us to believe
00:15:59.59\00:16:01.76
that man and dinosaurs lived
side by side for quite a while
00:16:01.86\00:16:05.56
after the flood in
this Asian culture.
00:16:05.66\00:16:09.00
Even the Chinese,
the Romans, and explorers
00:16:09.10\00:16:12.07
like Marco Polo documented
encounters with such creatures.
00:16:12.17\00:16:16.34
In the book of
Job in the Bible, God
00:16:16.44\00:16:19.01
describes two large creatures--
Behemoth and Leviathan--
00:16:19.11\00:16:23.31
which Job knew about.
00:16:23.41\00:16:24.81
When you read the
descriptions, they sure
00:16:24.91\00:16:26.88
sound a lot like a dinosaur
and an extinct sea creature.
00:16:26.98\00:16:31.32
In addition, the word dinosaur
wasn't invented until 1841.
00:16:31.42\00:16:36.46
Before that, such animals were
often referred to as dragons.
00:16:36.56\00:16:40.83
The word dragon
is used many times
00:16:40.93\00:16:43.63
in the King James
version of the Old Testament
00:16:43.73\00:16:46.10
to describe some
of God's creatures.
00:16:46.20\00:16:49.30
It's probably only been
in the past thousand years
00:16:49.40\00:16:52.71
that dinosaurs
had been exterminated
00:16:52.81\00:16:54.81
into extinction through
hunting and changes in climate.
00:16:54.91\00:16:58.85
Another compelling claim
about dinosaurs living recently
00:16:58.95\00:17:02.42
is the discovery of soft
dinosaur tissue and blood
00:17:02.52\00:17:05.79
cells.
00:17:05.89\00:17:06.82
T. Rex and
triceratops bones, supposedly
00:17:06.92\00:17:09.59
over 65 million years old, could
not have preserved soft tissue
00:17:09.69\00:17:13.73
for such a long time.
00:17:13.83\00:17:15.80
The tissue should have rotted
away or fossilized a long time
00:17:15.90\00:17:19.60
ago.
00:17:19.70\00:17:20.97
But the fact that we still
find soft tissue and blood cells
00:17:21.07\00:17:24.31
makes a strong case for
dinosaurs living recently.
00:17:24.41\00:17:27.91
Finally,
creation scientists have
00:17:28.01\00:17:30.11
done their own study of dinosaur
pictography at Kachina Bridge.
00:17:30.21\00:17:33.98
They have found many indications
that it is authentic.
00:17:34.08\00:17:38.35
Although it is not possible
to assign absolute dates to rock
00:17:38.45\00:17:42.36
art, it is possible to
narrow the time span in which
00:17:42.46\00:17:45.66
a particular figure might fall.
00:17:45.76\00:17:47.50
There are many methods of
dating rock art that can give us
00:17:47.60\00:17:50.27
a clue to its relative age.
00:17:50.37\00:17:52.80
At times, it is suggested
that rock art of extinct animals
00:17:52.90\00:17:56.84
is the work of clever hoaxers.
00:17:56.94\00:17:59.44
Yet, several dating methods
have dismissed this possibility.
00:17:59.54\00:18:03.88
The first is desert varnish.
00:18:03.98\00:18:06.58
Desert varnish
is an accumulation
00:18:06.68\00:18:08.62
of minerals building up in
glyphs and on the canyon walls.
00:18:08.72\00:18:12.89
This dark coating or varnish
takes a considerable amount
00:18:12.99\00:18:16.06
of time to accumulate.
00:18:16.16\00:18:18.09
It can be generalized that
if the varnish on the glyph
00:18:18.19\00:18:20.96
is as dark as its surrounding
undisturbed surface, then
00:18:21.03\00:18:23.97
the glyph is significantly old.
00:18:24.07\00:18:26.57
One could easily
tell if a glyph was recent
00:18:26.67\00:18:29.04
because it would
clearly stand out
00:18:29.14\00:18:30.97
as very light
against the dark background.
00:18:31.07\00:18:34.71
The second clue is weathering.
00:18:34.81\00:18:36.71
Erosion of exposed
rock by wind and water
00:18:36.81\00:18:39.71
wears the
surface of the drawing,
00:18:39.81\00:18:41.48
giving it a
pockmarked appearance.
00:18:41.58\00:18:44.02
A newer glyph has a
bright, fresh appearance.
00:18:44.12\00:18:47.29
The degree of weathering
provides a clue to the age.
00:18:47.39\00:18:50.56
And the weathering factor is
considered impossible to fake.
00:18:50.66\00:18:54.96
Finally, there are lichens.
00:18:55.06\00:18:57.10
Studying lichens, which
are a common plant consisting
00:18:57.20\00:19:00.64
of an algae and a
fungus living together form,
00:19:00.74\00:19:03.57
a scaly
adherents on rock surfaces.
00:19:03.67\00:19:06.61
Lichenometry,
the study of lichen,
00:19:06.71\00:19:09.14
cover patterns,
colonization, and growth,
00:19:09.24\00:19:12.28
is based on the slow
growth rate of lichens
00:19:12.38\00:19:14.75
on exposed
surfaces and the long life
00:19:14.85\00:19:17.29
expectancy of their colonies.
00:19:17.39\00:19:19.69
In certain habitats, lichens
may reach their final size only
00:19:19.79\00:19:23.73
after several thousand years.
00:19:23.83\00:19:26.33
Lichenometry can tell us if
a particular piece of rock art
00:19:26.43\00:19:29.93
is hundreds of years old.
00:19:30.03\00:19:31.60
A modern hoaxed glyph would
have no lichen growth at all.
00:19:31.70\00:19:35.84
Based on these clues
for its authenticity,
00:19:35.94\00:19:38.31
the dinosaur petroglyph
here at Kachina Bridge is real
00:19:38.41\00:19:41.68
and was crafted by
the Anasazi Indians
00:19:41.78\00:19:44.18
several thousand years ago.
00:19:44.28\00:19:46.41
It's amazing to
take in the panorama
00:19:46.51\00:19:48.72
here at natural bridges.
00:19:48.82\00:19:50.49
And imagine dinosaurs
like the brachiosaurus
00:19:50.59\00:19:53.15
roaming this landscape while
you hunted for your next meal.
00:19:53.25\00:19:57.16
Science, it's awesome.
00:19:57.26\00:19:59.13
[music playing]
00:19:59.23\00:20:01.83
The geologic formations
at Arches and Natural Bridges
00:20:03.77\00:20:07.34
remind us that
catastrophic processes
00:20:07.44\00:20:09.77
have taken place on our Earth
several thousand years ago.
00:20:09.87\00:20:13.64
The flood was a real event.
00:20:13.74\00:20:15.74
It impacted our
Earth in ways that we
00:20:15.84\00:20:18.01
will never fully comprehend.
00:20:18.11\00:20:20.42
Even though geologic features
around the world verified there
00:20:20.52\00:20:24.19
was a global
flood, secular geologists
00:20:24.29\00:20:26.92
continue to deny that truth.
00:20:27.02\00:20:29.62
But to those of us
who believe in the Bible,
00:20:29.72\00:20:31.89
this rejection
should come as no surprise.
00:20:31.99\00:20:35.36
The apostle Peter once
said that in the last days,
00:20:35.46\00:20:38.67
people will scoff at God's
work, making fun of creation
00:20:38.77\00:20:42.27
and the global flood.
00:20:42.37\00:20:44.07
Peter tells us they
do this because they
00:20:44.17\00:20:46.47
want to deliberately
forget God's judgment happened
00:20:46.57\00:20:49.51
on the Earth and deny
that it will ever happen again.
00:20:49.61\00:20:53.21
If there is no
judgement by God, they
00:20:53.31\00:20:55.18
can live whatever way they want.
00:20:55.28\00:20:58.29
It would sure seem like we
are living in the last days
00:20:58.39\00:21:01.76
because most of the world
scoffs at the global flood,
00:21:01.86\00:21:04.89
even though the
evidence is plentiful.
00:21:04.99\00:21:07.86
But Peter also
reminds us that "The Lord
00:21:07.96\00:21:10.43
is not slow in
keeping his promise--"
00:21:10.53\00:21:12.67
as some understand slowness.
00:21:12.77\00:21:14.47
"Instead, he is
patient with you,
00:21:14.57\00:21:16.47
not wanting anyone
to perish, but everyone
00:21:16.57\00:21:19.11
to come to repentance."
00:21:19.21\00:21:20.61
In other words, God's desire
is not to destroy his creation.
00:21:20.71\00:21:24.51
So he waits
patiently for man to repent.
00:21:24.61\00:21:27.75
But God's patience
won't last forever.
00:21:27.85\00:21:30.62
One day, his judgment will come.
00:21:30.72\00:21:33.66
The Bible says every person
is born with a sin nature,
00:21:33.76\00:21:37.33
because the first man
Adam sinned against God.
00:21:37.43\00:21:40.80
It has been passed down
through the generations.
00:21:40.90\00:21:43.87
Because of the
rebellion of Adam and Eve,
00:21:43.97\00:21:46.30
death came to the human race.
00:21:46.40\00:21:49.14
Our own evil deeds have earned
us eternal separation from God.
00:21:49.24\00:21:53.51
He is Holy and cannot
live with sinful creatures.
00:21:53.61\00:21:56.85
The Bible says
that one day, all of us
00:21:56.95\00:21:59.48
will face judgment before God.
00:21:59.58\00:22:02.25
But God is also a God of mercy.
00:22:02.35\00:22:04.99
He desires fellowship with us.
00:22:05.09\00:22:07.09
He wants us to
come to repentance.
00:22:07.19\00:22:10.29
So he provided his
perfect son, Jesus Christ,
00:22:10.39\00:22:13.90
to live a
sinless life and then die
00:22:14.00\00:22:16.33
on a cross as a
sacrifice for our sins.
00:22:16.43\00:22:20.24
Jesus received the
penalty of death we deserved.
00:22:20.34\00:22:24.47
All we have to do is recognize
the depth of our rebellion
00:22:24.57\00:22:28.08
against God, repent of our sins,
and bow our knee in submission
00:22:28.18\00:22:32.41
to Him.
00:22:32.51\00:22:33.68
We turn our
hearts to Jesus Christ
00:22:33.78\00:22:35.88
and follow him for the
rest of our days on Earth.
00:22:35.98\00:22:39.15
When we die, we will
enter into eternal rest
00:22:39.25\00:22:42.06
with God because of the
work of Jesus on the cross.
00:22:42.16\00:22:45.86
If you've not come to
this place of repentance
00:22:45.96\00:22:48.40
and submitting your
life over to your creator,
00:22:48.50\00:22:51.03
then now is the
day of salvation.
00:22:51.13\00:22:53.37
We encourage you
to do this today.
00:22:53.47\00:22:56.60
[music playing]
00:22:56.71\00:22:59.61
The geology of Utah is amazing.
00:23:01.18\00:23:04.55
From Zion to Bryce Canyon,
Natural Bridges and Arches,
00:23:04.65\00:23:09.05
the sights are worth the trip.
00:23:09.15\00:23:11.62
The naturalistic
and evolutionary idea
00:23:11.72\00:23:14.56
that it takes millions
of years to form arches
00:23:14.66\00:23:17.73
has big problems.
00:23:17.83\00:23:19.19
The rate of
erosion would suggest
00:23:19.29\00:23:21.16
that the arches are
falling apart faster than they
00:23:21.26\00:23:24.43
can form.
00:23:24.53\00:23:25.80
Yet, we've never seen one form,
so it's just an assumption.
00:23:25.90\00:23:30.31
But a global flood
provides the right conditions
00:23:30.41\00:23:33.68
to build thousands of arches
in a relatively short time.
00:23:33.78\00:23:37.85
The same holds true at Natural
Bridges National Monument.
00:23:37.95\00:23:41.62
The receding flood waters would
have carved many of the canyons
00:23:41.72\00:23:44.89
in the Colorado River Basin,
including part of White Canyon.
00:23:44.99\00:23:49.49
But the bridges would have most
likely formed after the flood,
00:23:49.59\00:23:53.33
before man spread across
the earth-- within a few years
00:23:53.43\00:23:57.23
after the flood.
00:23:57.33\00:23:59.13
In their canyon
drawings provide strong evidence
00:23:59.23\00:24:02.27
for the Biblical record about
dinosaurs coming off the ark.
00:24:02.37\00:24:06.11
The biblical
record can be trusted
00:24:06.21\00:24:08.58
as a book about Earth's
history, with a timeline of only
00:24:08.68\00:24:11.71
6,000 years since creation.
00:24:11.81\00:24:14.65
It's not a fairy
tale, myth, or allegory.
00:24:14.75\00:24:18.52
It's the true,
inspired word of God.
00:24:18.62\00:24:21.62
Awesome Science is a
video series produced by
00:24:22.59\00:24:25.63
Awesome Science Media
produces many other great shows,
00:24:27.30\00:24:30.97
Ark Animals
00:24:38.91\00:24:40.14
We broadcast our
episodes throughout the world
00:24:44.31\00:24:47.08
on television networks, TV
stations, and online platforms.
00:24:47.08\00:24:51.89
We're making a difference
by challenging the deceptive
00:24:51.89\00:24:55.32
evolutionary worldview, which
directly opposes the Word of God
00:24:55.42\00:24:59.83
Our mission is to provide
youth with a firm foundation
00:24:59.83\00:25:03.43
based on solid scientific
evidence that supports their
00:25:03.43\00:25:06.80
Biblical worldview. We
also want to encourage youth
00:25:06.80\00:25:10.54
to pursue the Truth, and maybe
even make a career from their
00:25:10.54\00:25:14.18
interest in
science and the Bible.
00:25:14.18\00:25:16.41
Thank you for watcing our shows.
00:25:16.41\00:25:18.81
Please keep up with us as we
continue to build new content
00:25:18.81\00:25:22.15
which builds up your
faith in the Word of God.
00:25:22.15\00:25:25.25
We encourage you to get
out here with your family
00:25:26.39\00:25:29.49
and see these amazing
sites from a biblical worldview.
00:25:29.59\00:25:33.13
You'll be inspired that
the biblical record is real.
00:25:33.23\00:25:37.23
Until next time,
remember science, it's awesome.
00:25:37.33\00:25:40.50
[music playing]
00:25:40.60\00:25:43.57