And comes from the DVD series, "Awesome Science" 00:00:04.43\00:00:09.27 [music playing] 00:00:09.87\00:00:10.87 NOAH JUSTICE: There is an incredible area 00:00:11.07\00:00:12.47 in Western Colorado and Eastern Utah, 00:00:12.57\00:00:15.01 where an amazing collection of dinosaur bones are located. 00:00:15.11\00:00:18.78 It is called Dinosaur National Monument, 00:00:18.88\00:00:21.25 and it is found in the Morrison Formation. 00:00:21.35\00:00:24.39 These fossils were first discovered in 1909, 00:00:24.49\00:00:28.06 and then they were set aside by President Woodrow Wilson 00:00:28.16\00:00:31.09 for national preservation. 00:00:31.19\00:00:33.06 Park signs present history from a naturalistic world view, 00:00:33.16\00:00:36.36 saying that dinosaurs lived over 100 million years ago, 00:00:36.46\00:00:40.30 dying out about 65 million years ago. 00:00:40.40\00:00:43.61 The cause of their mass extinction remains a mystery. 00:00:43.71\00:00:46.88 All we know for sure is that they 00:00:46.98\00:00:48.68 were buried quickly, worldwide, under flood-like conditions. 00:00:48.78\00:00:53.25 Yet, from the Bible, we infer that our Earth 00:00:53.35\00:00:56.02 is only about 6,000 years old. 00:00:56.12\00:00:58.55 Human history and recent scientific evidence, 00:00:58.65\00:01:01.29 such as soft dinosaur tissue, seem 00:01:01.39\00:01:03.29 to support the biblical worldview. 00:01:03.39\00:01:05.43 Which view is correct? 00:01:05.53\00:01:07.10 Where does the evidence fit best? 00:01:07.20\00:01:09.43 All this and more next on "Awesome Science." 00:01:09.53\00:01:17.67 Awesome science takes you on a field trip 00:01:17.77\00:01:20.61 to some of the most amazing geologic and historic sites 00:01:20.71\00:01:24.25 around the world, where we use the Bible as our history 00:01:24.35\00:01:27.82 guidebook to interpret what we see, 00:01:27.92\00:01:29.82 that the Bible can be trusted and empirical science 00:01:29.92\00:01:33.19 falls in line with the biblical account of creation, 00:01:33.29\00:01:36.16 the fall and the flood. 00:01:36.26\00:01:38.86 Science-- it's awesome. 00:01:38.96\00:01:40.76 On the western side of the Rockies 00:01:53.51\00:01:55.54 is a vast area of desert basins and parched mountain chains. 00:01:55.64\00:02:00.82 In 1909, a large deposit of dinosaur bones 00:02:00.92\00:02:04.25 was found near Dinosaur, Colorado 00:02:04.35\00:02:06.79 by Earl Douglass, a paleontologist working 00:02:06.89\00:02:09.89 and collecting for the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 00:02:09.99\00:02:14.00 Just six years later, President Woodrow Wilson 00:02:14.10\00:02:17.13 set aside 80 acres surrounding the Dinosaur Quarry in Utah 00:02:17.23\00:02:21.64 as a national monument. 00:02:21.74\00:02:23.71 It's now grown to over 200,000 acres, located on the southeast 00:02:23.81\00:02:28.51 flank of the Uinta Mountains, on the border between Colorado 00:02:28.61\00:02:32.35 and Utah at the confluence of the Green and Yampa Rivers. 00:02:32.45\00:02:36.38 The most common dinosaurs found here are the Allosaurus 00:02:36.48\00:02:40.02 and the Camarasaurus. 00:02:40.12\00:02:41.99 They're found in sedimentary rock layers 00:02:42.09\00:02:44.39 of sandstone, mudstone, siltstone, limestone, 00:02:44.49\00:02:48.00 and a conglomerate bed. 00:02:48.10\00:02:50.13 The layers which locally make up the Morrison Formation. 00:02:50.23\00:02:55.54 The Morrison Formation is found in the Western United States, 00:02:55.64\00:02:59.27 covering some one and a half million square miles. 00:02:59.37\00:03:02.74 Only a teeny fraction is exposed and inaccessible 00:03:02.84\00:03:05.71 to geologists and paleontologists. 00:03:05.81\00:03:08.55 The Dinosaur Quarry is the most famous site of the monument. 00:03:08.88\00:03:12.49 It is enclosed, taking you right up to the steeply tilted rock 00:03:12.59\00:03:16.19 layers, which contain hundreds of fossilized dinosaur bones. 00:03:16.29\00:03:20.33 This large quarry building keeps the fossil safe 00:03:20.43\00:03:23.23 from erosion and vandalism. 00:03:23.33\00:03:25.93 The tilted rock has been chipped away by paleontologists 00:03:26.03\00:03:29.24 to reveal the fossil bones. 00:03:29.34\00:03:31.64 You can spend hours finding skulls, rib cages, and leg 00:03:31.74\00:03:35.41 bones. 00:03:35.51\00:03:36.38 It's a great opportunity for everyone 00:03:36.48\00:03:38.45 in the family to closely observe real dinosaur fossils. 00:03:38.55\00:03:42.62 Also present in abundance among some of the fossilized dinosaur 00:03:42.72\00:03:46.29 bones, though rarely mentioned by evolutionists, 00:03:46.39\00:03:49.06 are fossil unionid clam shells, clear evidence 00:03:49.16\00:03:52.66 of the watery graveyard the dinosaurs were buried in. 00:03:52.76\00:03:56.33 In addition, the visitor's center at the quarry 00:03:56.43\00:03:58.73 has full dinosaur skeletons on display. 00:03:58.83\00:04:02.07 Remember, many of the signs reflect 00:04:02.17\00:04:04.41 an evolutionary worldview, portraying 00:04:04.51\00:04:06.91 millions of years as fact. 00:04:07.01\00:04:09.14 As we will soon show, there is another worldview 00:04:09.24\00:04:11.65 to consider, matching the evidence much more accurately. 00:04:11.75\00:04:14.58 In the 1820s, Gideon Mantell, an English doctor, 00:04:18.39\00:04:22.46 found some unusual teeth and bones in a quarry. 00:04:22.56\00:04:25.49 He had believed he had found an entirely new group of reptiles. 00:04:25.59\00:04:30.23 A couple of decades later, nine types 00:04:30.33\00:04:32.57 of these different reptiles had been 00:04:32.67\00:04:34.07 uncovered, including two called the Megalosaurus and Iguanodon. 00:04:34.17\00:04:38.94 Then in 1841, famous British scientist Dr. Richard Owen 00:04:39.04\00:04:43.98 wanted to name these groups of creatures, 00:04:44.08\00:04:46.38 coining the name Dinosauria, meaning terrible lizard. 00:04:46.48\00:04:50.85 So where do we find dinosaurs? 00:04:50.95\00:04:53.46 Their fossils have been discovered 00:04:53.56\00:04:55.22 all around the world. 00:04:55.32\00:04:57.03 Here in the United States, they're 00:04:57.13\00:04:58.76 mostly found in the Morrison and Hell Creek Formations, where 00:04:58.86\00:05:02.40 much study has been performed. 00:05:02.50\00:05:05.13 All dinosaurs are found in sedimentary layers 00:05:05.23\00:05:08.04 of sand, silt, and mud, which would seem to indicate they 00:05:08.14\00:05:12.11 were buried quickly in a flood. 00:05:12.21\00:05:15.04 We can assume this because any dead animal left 00:05:15.14\00:05:18.15 in the open air would quickly decompose 00:05:18.25\00:05:20.98 and scavengers would eat the remains. 00:05:21.08\00:05:23.75 Only quick burial would keep the animal intact 00:05:23.85\00:05:26.62 and provide the right conditions for the bones 00:05:26.72\00:05:29.16 to be quickly fossilized. 00:05:29.26\00:05:32.36 The Morrison and Hell Creek Formations 00:05:32.46\00:05:34.56 appear to be pushed up, as though the dinosaurs were 00:05:34.66\00:05:37.50 buried under deep sediments. 00:05:37.60\00:05:40.17 Then some geologic process eroded away 00:05:40.27\00:05:43.34 the overlying layers and brought them back to the surface. 00:05:43.44\00:05:47.21 We can see evidence of this by the tilted layers associated 00:05:47.31\00:05:50.91 with the fossils. 00:05:51.01\00:05:53.42 All dinosaur fossils are found below what's 00:05:53.52\00:05:55.95 called the KT Boundary layer. 00:05:56.05\00:05:58.75 The KT Boundary is a distinctive layer 00:05:58.85\00:06:01.62 of sediment in between other rock layers 00:06:01.72\00:06:04.36 and is thought by evolutionists to represent a mass extinction 00:06:04.46\00:06:08.20 event. 00:06:08.30\00:06:09.60 This is because many species are found below this layer and not 00:06:09.70\00:06:13.13 above it. 00:06:13.23\00:06:14.64 All dinosaur fossils are found below the KT Boundary 00:06:14.74\00:06:17.87 layer, as well as many particular plants 00:06:17.97\00:06:21.08 and marine reptiles, produced by a famed meteor 00:06:21.18\00:06:24.75 impact which they believe killed the dinosaurs. 00:06:24.85\00:06:28.15 They believe this because the layer contains iridium, 00:06:28.25\00:06:31.39 an element found in meteorites and some impact sites, 00:06:31.49\00:06:35.39 such as meteor crater in Arizona and not in most earth rocks. 00:06:35.49\00:06:40.70 There are two reasons why iridium 00:06:40.80\00:06:43.00 in a meteorite from an asteroid does not 00:06:43.10\00:06:45.33 make sense as the sole source for the iridium found 00:06:45.43\00:06:48.47 in this layer. 00:06:48.57\00:06:49.80 First, the dust from an asteroid does not spread very far. 00:06:49.90\00:06:54.04 And the amount found in this layer in various places 00:06:54.14\00:06:57.55 around the earth is just too much for a single impact 00:06:57.65\00:07:01.05 from an asteroid fragment to produce. 00:07:01.15\00:07:04.42 So what other mechanisms could have 00:07:04.52\00:07:06.65 helped create the massive amounts of iridium 00:07:06.76\00:07:09.32 we find around the earth? 00:07:09.42\00:07:10.93 We know that iridium is also found in ash from volcanoes. 00:07:11.03\00:07:15.46 With the evidence of many super volcanic eruptions 00:07:15.56\00:07:18.83 around the world in the past, they 00:07:18.93\00:07:21.34 could have easily produced the amount of iridium found 00:07:21.44\00:07:24.44 in this layer around the earth. 00:07:24.54\00:07:26.68 There was one series of such super eruptions, which 00:07:26.78\00:07:30.35 produced the basalts of the Deccan Traps 00:07:30.45\00:07:32.65 of India, that coincides with the timing of formation 00:07:32.75\00:07:36.18 of this KT Boundary layer. 00:07:36.28\00:07:39.05 There is thus a lot of evidence to show 00:07:39.15\00:07:41.42 that there was massive volcanic activity 00:07:41.52\00:07:43.89 during and after the flood. 00:07:43.99\00:07:46.39 Large lava flows and ash deposits 00:07:46.49\00:07:49.16 were laid down between the sediment layers 00:07:49.26\00:07:51.57 across the earth's surface during this worldwide 00:07:51.67\00:07:54.30 catastrophe and as the flood waned and the earth was 00:07:54.40\00:07:57.94 settling to today's relative equilibrium. 00:07:58.04\00:08:01.44 A year-long worldwide flood, as the Bible describes, 00:08:01.54\00:08:05.05 makes much more sense as the source 00:08:05.15\00:08:07.22 of the iridium we find in the KT Boundary layer. 00:08:07.32\00:08:10.09 The dinosaurs could not have survived past the 150th day 00:08:10.19\00:08:13.62 of the flood. 00:08:13.72\00:08:14.96 Because by then, even the highest peaks were under water. 00:08:15.06\00:08:18.69 The dinosaurs would have died by then 00:08:18.79\00:08:20.83 and their carcasses would have been quickly covered 00:08:20.93\00:08:23.47 by sediments and deposited in various layers 00:08:23.57\00:08:26.70 in that stage of the flood. 00:08:26.80\00:08:28.90 The volcanoes going off underwater 00:08:29.00\00:08:31.27 would have produced the KT Boundary layer about halfway 00:08:31.37\00:08:34.74 through the flood, creating large areas 00:08:34.84\00:08:37.11 of volcanic sediment around the world, when the dinosaurs 00:08:37.21\00:08:40.25 perished, and also after. 00:08:40.35\00:08:42.82 As the flood waters then receded off the earth, 00:08:42.92\00:08:45.79 more sediments would have been laid 00:08:45.89\00:08:47.52 on top of the KT Boundary layer, burying the dinosaurs even 00:08:47.62\00:08:51.73 further. 00:08:51.83\00:08:53.16 In addition, the surface of the earth below the waters 00:08:53.26\00:08:56.63 would have been rising over vast areas. 00:08:56.73\00:08:59.57 And the receding waters would have eroded large areas 00:08:59.67\00:09:02.54 and carved valleys and canyons. 00:09:02.64\00:09:05.71 Some of the layers that dinosaurs were buried in 00:09:05.81\00:09:08.41 would have been tilted and pushed back to the surface 00:09:08.51\00:09:11.08 over time and uncovered by erosion for us 00:09:11.18\00:09:14.38 to discover today. 00:09:14.48\00:09:16.75 Remember, the flood was catastrophic. 00:09:16.85\00:09:19.85 Nothing with the breath of life in its nostrils 00:09:19.95\00:09:22.56 could have survived, except for those on the ark. 00:09:22.66\00:09:25.76 The KT Boundary shows us that God's judgment was complete. 00:09:25.86\00:09:29.83 So what happened to the dinosaurs? 00:09:30.47\00:09:33.40 We know about dinosaurs because of their fossilized bones 00:09:33.50\00:09:37.21 in sedimentary layers. 00:09:37.31\00:09:39.24 Many have been found in an opisthotonic pose, 00:09:39.34\00:09:42.44 where the head is thrown backwards, 00:09:42.54\00:09:44.35 the neck and body arched, and the tail thrown backwards. 00:09:44.45\00:09:48.12 No one knows exactly why this death pose is so frequent. 00:09:48.22\00:09:52.89 Here at Dinosaur National Monument 00:09:52.99\00:09:55.02 is an Allosaurus with its head missing. 00:09:55.12\00:09:57.56 But its tail is broken close to the body and lies parallel 00:09:57.66\00:10:01.36 under its feet, with the thicker part under its chest. 00:10:01.46\00:10:05.40 Many other dinosaurs in the quarry 00:10:05.50\00:10:07.64 are found in the same pose and are headless. 00:10:07.74\00:10:11.47 Dinosaur skeletons around the world 00:10:11.57\00:10:13.94 seem to reveal a violent death during water transport. 00:10:14.04\00:10:18.45 These clues give us an idea of why the dinosaurs died off so 00:10:18.55\00:10:22.72 suddenly. 00:10:22.82\00:10:23.79 Those who believe in evolution, however, 00:10:23.89\00:10:25.95 have a myriad of ideas about how the death of the dinosaurs 00:10:26.05\00:10:29.16 took place. 00:10:29.26\00:10:30.73 Because they believe in an evolutionary history, 00:10:30.83\00:10:33.46 their ideas just don't fit all the facts, 00:10:33.56\00:10:36.33 while those who believe in the Bible 00:10:36.43\00:10:38.33 can present a compelling case for what 00:10:38.43\00:10:40.70 we find in the fossil record. 00:10:40.80\00:10:43.34 Secular ideas for the demise of the dinosaurs are many. 00:10:43.44\00:10:47.01 Some are reasonable and others-- really crazy-- 00:10:47.11\00:10:51.18 such as their food source diminished 00:10:51.28\00:10:53.35 so they starved to death, or they just overate and died, 00:10:53.45\00:10:57.65 they were poisoned, they became blind from cataracts 00:10:57.75\00:11:00.99 and could not reproduce, mammals ate their eggs, 00:11:01.09\00:11:04.56 or they just had too much flatulence. 00:11:04.66\00:11:07.76 Other ideas include them breathing 00:11:07.86\00:11:10.07 in too much volcanic dust or poisonous gases, 00:11:10.17\00:11:14.00 comets or meteorites striking the earth, mass suicide, 00:11:14.10\00:11:18.74 constipation, parasites, their brains started shrinking, 00:11:18.84\00:11:23.71 they slipped disks in their backs, 00:11:23.81\00:11:25.95 or sunspot activity made the earth too hot or too cold. 00:11:26.05\00:11:30.82 But one big clue to their demise is the way 00:11:30.92\00:11:33.69 that they are buried. 00:11:33.79\00:11:35.02 Their bones are spread out across vast areas 00:11:35.12\00:11:38.23 in sedimentary layers deposited by water. 00:11:38.33\00:11:41.73 Rarely are they found as complete skeletons. 00:11:41.83\00:11:44.97 Most of the bones have fossilized, 00:11:45.07\00:11:47.14 which is a rare process and only happens 00:11:47.24\00:11:49.64 when an animal is quickly buried and the right minerals can 00:11:49.74\00:11:52.71 replace the bony tissues, so the bones turn to stone. 00:11:52.81\00:11:57.48 Many of the complete skeletons show 00:11:57.58\00:11:59.95 signs of drowning and being pulled along in currents 00:12:00.12\00:12:03.08 before they were deposited. 00:12:03.18\00:12:06.05 In addition, fossilized dinosaur tracks 00:12:06.15\00:12:08.89 show the giant creatures were on the move, 00:12:08.99\00:12:11.49 as though they were trying to escape from the rising waters. 00:12:11.59\00:12:15.26 These findings-- watery death, quick burial 00:12:15.36\00:12:18.40 in sentiments, warm mineral water causing fossilization, 00:12:18.50\00:12:22.10 and escaping footprints, would seem 00:12:22.20\00:12:24.41 to make a strong case for a catastrophic end 00:12:24.51\00:12:27.78 to these amazing creatures. 00:12:27.88\00:12:29.94 Would any event in the past have created these conditions? 00:12:30.05\00:12:33.45 How about the biblical worldwide flood? 00:12:33.55\00:12:36.79 Starting with the creation account found in the Bible, 00:12:36.89\00:12:40.09 God created all the land animals on Day 6, which 00:12:40.19\00:12:43.66 would have included dinosaurs. 00:12:43.76\00:12:45.73 For about 1,600 years, dinosaurs grew in variety and number. 00:12:45.83\00:12:51.33 The Bible and the fossil record seem 00:12:51.43\00:12:53.74 to indicate the earth was much more lush and temperate, 00:12:53.84\00:12:57.57 a perfect place for dinosaurs to grow big and plentiful. 00:12:57.67\00:13:01.78 When God came to Noah about 1,600 years 00:13:01.88\00:13:04.91 after the creation of the world, He 00:13:05.01\00:13:06.88 told Noah He was going to flood the entire earth because 00:13:06.98\00:13:10.62 of man's rebellion. 00:13:10.72\00:13:12.99 He told Noah to construct an ark and take 00:13:13.09\00:13:16.06 two of every kind of land animal and seven of some 00:13:16.16\00:13:18.86 on the ark, which would have included pairs of dinosaurs. 00:13:18.96\00:13:22.33 Noah didn't have to take large, older adult dinosaurs 00:13:22.43\00:13:25.90 on to the ark, but smaller, young adults 00:13:26.00\00:13:28.87 would have had more life left to reproduce young 00:13:28.97\00:13:31.51 after the flood had receded. 00:13:31.61\00:13:33.84 When we think of dinosaurs, we often think of huge creatures, 00:13:33.94\00:13:37.91 but the average size of a dinosaur 00:13:38.01\00:13:39.95 was only about the size of a small horse. 00:13:40.05\00:13:43.08 There are about 670 dinosaurs named from the fossil record, 00:13:43.18\00:13:47.72 but there are only about 55 kinds of dinosaurs. 00:13:47.82\00:13:51.59 So this is about how many pairs God 00:13:51.69\00:13:53.63 sent to be taken on the ark. 00:13:53.73\00:13:55.76 With over 2.2 million cubic feet of space within the ark, 00:13:55.86\00:14:00.10 carrying the dinosaurs and all the other kinds of land animals 00:14:00.20\00:14:03.47 wouldn't have been a problem. 00:14:03.57\00:14:05.04 There would have been more than enough space 00:14:05.14\00:14:07.14 for the animals, food, and Noah's family. 00:14:07.24\00:14:10.68 Once the flood ended and the animals came off the ark, 00:14:10.78\00:14:13.85 the environment was very different 00:14:13.95\00:14:15.85 than before the flood. 00:14:15.95\00:14:17.89 As the dinosaurs spread out, it's 00:14:17.99\00:14:20.29 likely they didn't repopulate in the same numbers 00:14:20.39\00:14:23.19 as before the flood because their environment 00:14:23.29\00:14:25.86 had drastically changed. 00:14:25.96\00:14:28.23 Food sources and the different climate 00:14:28.33\00:14:30.30 would have drastically limited their repopulation. 00:14:30.40\00:14:34.20 We always find dinosaur bones in sedimentary layers, 00:14:34.30\00:14:37.94 which usually indicates quick burial by water. 00:14:38.04\00:14:41.54 If a dinosaur died and laid on the ground 00:14:41.64\00:14:44.15 for any period of time after the flood, 00:14:44.25\00:14:46.82 the flesh would have decayed quickly 00:14:46.92\00:14:49.02 and would have been scattered. 00:14:49.12\00:14:51.55 We see this today with any animal that dies in the open. 00:14:51.65\00:14:55.59 Within a matter of days, the flesh is eaten, 00:14:55.69\00:14:58.29 the bones are scattered, and the carcass quickly decays. 00:14:58.39\00:15:02.23 God has provided our world with bacteria, bugs, fungi, 00:15:02.33\00:15:06.23 and scavenging animals to take care of the dead things. 00:15:06.33\00:15:09.90 If not, our world would be a pretty putrid place. 00:15:10.01\00:15:14.28 With the past graveyards of dinosaur bones 00:15:14.38\00:15:16.75 we find around the world, the demise of the dinosaurs 00:15:16.85\00:15:20.02 would have been catastrophic, a nearly 00:15:20.12\00:15:22.35 simultaneous global destruction. 00:15:22.45\00:15:25.82 In addition, many of the intact skeletons 00:15:25.92\00:15:28.26 we find show signs of drowning, then, quick burial 00:15:28.36\00:15:31.86 in the mineral-rich waters with a lot of silt. 00:15:31.96\00:15:34.93 This is what we would expect to find if the flood were true. 00:15:35.03\00:15:39.80 As the fountains of the great deep came up out of the earth, 00:15:39.90\00:15:43.67 these fountains would have included 00:15:43.77\00:15:45.37 warm, mineral-rich water mixed with volcanic ash 00:15:45.47\00:15:48.88 and sediments. 00:15:48.98\00:15:50.98 All of these elements would have created the right conditions 00:15:51.08\00:15:54.28 to quickly fossilize the bones. 00:15:54.38\00:15:56.15 This program is brought to you by 00:15:56.92\00:15:59.62 An 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Back in the 1990s, paleontologist Mary Schweitzer 00:16:47.00\00:16:51.01 discovered soft tissue in a T. rex bone. 00:16:51.11\00:16:54.18 Then in 2000, a T. rex was unearthed in Montana 00:16:54.78\00:16:58.81 in the Hell Creek Formation. 00:16:58.91\00:17:01.32 After excavating the bones, Mary grabbed a couple of shards 00:17:01.42\00:17:05.32 from the femur bone, taking them back 00:17:05.42\00:17:07.56 to her lab for further study. 00:17:07.66\00:17:10.19 She soaked the samples in a weak acid 00:17:10.29\00:17:12.73 to wear away the stone and bone. 00:17:12.83\00:17:15.23 To her surprise, what was left was 00:17:15.33\00:17:17.30 dinosaur soft tissue, including collagen, blood vessels, 00:17:17.40\00:17:20.94 and red blood cells. 00:17:21.04\00:17:23.24 This is astounding because most secular scientists 00:17:23.34\00:17:26.21 believe that dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. 00:17:26.31\00:17:30.38 The fragile tissue should not have survived this long 00:17:30.48\00:17:33.45 inside the bone. 00:17:33.55\00:17:34.42 No one would expect to find it because everyone knows 00:17:34.72\00:17:37.92 soft tissue doesn't last more than a few thousand years, 00:17:38.02\00:17:41.39 if you're really lucky. 00:17:41.49\00:17:43.79 But this is not a shocking surprise 00:17:43.89\00:17:46.19 to those who believe in a biblical worldview, 00:17:46.29\00:17:48.70 because they believe that the earth is much younger 00:17:48.80\00:17:51.70 and only 4,300 years have passed since the global flood when 00:17:51.80\00:17:55.90 most dinosaur fossils were buried. 00:17:56.00\00:17:58.11 Mary Schweitzer continued to look for 00:17:58.11\00:18:00.44 and found other specimens with soft tissue. 00:18:00.54\00:18:03.78 Being a scientist who believes in evolution, 00:18:03.88\00:18:06.28 she began to research how dinosaur tissue 00:18:06.38\00:18:08.72 could have been preserved for such a long period of time. 00:18:08.82\00:18:13.25 But the results are inconclusive. 00:18:13.36\00:18:16.59 Mark Armitage, a young earth creation scientist, 00:18:16.69\00:18:19.83 felt soft dinosaur tissue was much more abundant 00:18:19.93\00:18:23.06 than previously thought. 00:18:23.16\00:18:24.67 So he went out to find his own samples. 00:18:24.77\00:18:28.44 He went to the Hell Creek Formation in Eastern Montana, 00:18:28.54\00:18:31.77 quickly discovering a Triceratops horn. 00:18:31.87\00:18:35.21 When he took it back to his lab, he 00:18:35.31\00:18:37.25 followed the same procedures Mary Schweitzer 00:18:37.35\00:18:39.75 did and found soft tissue. 00:18:39.85\00:18:42.48 In another trip, he found other Triceratops bones, 00:18:42.58\00:18:45.62 recovering additional soft tissue. 00:18:45.72\00:18:48.72 Mark put the samples under his electron microscopes, 00:18:48.82\00:18:51.96 revealing amazing detail in the bone tissue. 00:18:52.06\00:18:55.33 Tiny osteocytes, the small cells which help regenerate bone, 00:18:55.43\00:18:59.20 were observed in amazing detail. 00:18:59.30\00:19:02.44 These cells should have degraded into mush very quickly. 00:19:02.54\00:19:06.07 But somehow, they have been beautifully preserved 00:19:06.17\00:19:08.81 since the flood. 00:19:08.91\00:19:10.75 There has been a very large find in China of soft tissue 00:19:10.85\00:19:14.32 in dinosaurs. 00:19:14.42\00:19:15.58 So Mark's claim about it being more abundant 00:19:15.68\00:19:17.79 may be close to the truth. 00:19:17.89\00:19:20.19 The evolutionary paleontologists are scratching their heads, 00:19:20.29\00:19:23.96 wondering what mechanism could have preserved these cells 00:19:24.06\00:19:27.73 for 65 to 135 million years. 00:19:27.83\00:19:32.30 The only idea making sense to them 00:19:32.40\00:19:34.74 is that the blood of the dinosaurs 00:19:34.84\00:19:36.40 was rich in iron, which can be a preserving agent, 00:19:36.50\00:19:39.77 but not for millions of years. 00:19:39.87\00:19:42.78 It's possible iron could have been 00:19:42.88\00:19:44.71 involved in preserving the tissue for a few thousand years 00:19:44.81\00:19:48.15 since the flood, because soft tissue should 00:19:48.25\00:19:50.92 have degraded in the short time since the flood. 00:19:51.02\00:19:54.92 Mary Schweitzer has done tests with dinosaur tissue 00:19:55.02\00:19:57.96 in the lab. 00:19:58.06\00:19:59.33 She was able to preserve the tissue with iron over a couple 00:19:59.43\00:20:02.40 of years, but you cannot extrapolate out millions 00:20:02.50\00:20:06.10 of years with an experiment only lasting a few. 00:20:06.20\00:20:09.94 Yet if we use the biblical time scale of only a few thousand 00:20:10.04\00:20:13.91 years since the flood, soft dinosaur tissue 00:20:14.01\00:20:16.64 could have been preserved, showing 00:20:16.75\00:20:18.81 the death and burial of the dinosaurs during the flood. 00:20:18.91\00:20:22.42 The Bible tells us that two of every kind of land animal 00:20:27.12\00:20:30.83 and seven pairs of some came onto the ark 00:20:30.93\00:20:33.56 and survived the flood. 00:20:33.66\00:20:35.43 After about a year, the flood was finished 00:20:35.53\00:20:38.07 and the waters had receded. 00:20:38.17\00:20:40.77 The animals came off the ark and began to repopulate the earth. 00:20:40.87\00:20:45.01 If dinosaurs did come off the ark, 00:20:45.11\00:20:47.28 then evidence of their existence in human history 00:20:47.38\00:20:50.11 should be plentiful. 00:20:50.21\00:20:51.41 But there are many more examples. 00:20:51.58\00:20:54.18 These examples are found in ancient writings, as well as 00:20:54.28\00:20:57.19 works of human art. 00:20:57.29\00:20:59.05 In the temple ruins at Angkor in Cambodia, 00:20:59.15\00:21:02.16 there is a passageway with ancient artwork in the stones. 00:21:02.26\00:21:06.13 The artwork depicts many animals found in the area, 00:21:06.23\00:21:09.46 such as elephants, fish, snakes, and monkeys. 00:21:09.56\00:21:14.10 There are no mythological figures among the architecture. 00:21:14.20\00:21:17.77 So it appears they made carvings of animals 00:21:17.87\00:21:20.31 they saw at the time. 00:21:20.41\00:21:22.21 But an unusual animal stands out among all the rest. 00:21:22.31\00:21:27.25 It's a Stegosaurus-like bas-relief in the stone. 00:21:27.35\00:21:31.79 This temple was erected for a king about 1,000 years ago. 00:21:31.89\00:21:36.29 As far as we know, this ancient culture 00:21:36.39\00:21:38.66 didn't study paleontology. 00:21:38.76\00:21:41.33 Being the other carvings depict what this culture observed 00:21:41.43\00:21:44.53 at that time, the assumption can be 00:21:44.63\00:21:46.74 made that they also saw a live Stegosaurus among them. 00:21:46.84\00:21:51.01 Secular scientists describe them as mythical creatures, 00:21:51.01\00:21:54.44 but they clearly resemble various dinosaur kinds. 00:21:54.54\00:21:58.31 Why not believe that the Bible is true, 00:21:58.41\00:22:01.05 that man and dinosaurs were created on the same day, 00:22:01.15\00:22:03.99 and many of them died during the flood? 00:22:04.09\00:22:06.09 We have learned a lot about dinosaurs 00:22:06.96\00:22:08.49 in the past half-hour. 00:22:08.59\00:22:09.72 We believe the weight of evidence 00:22:09.82\00:22:11.49 demonstrates that they lived on this earth 00:22:11.59\00:22:13.43 recently and not millions of years ago. 00:22:13.53\00:22:16.67 They are buried in sedimentary layers, 00:22:16.77\00:22:19.23 having died in a violent, watery death. 00:22:19.33\00:22:22.64 This evidence alone strongly supports the biblical account 00:22:22.74\00:22:26.57 of the flood. 00:22:26.68\00:22:27.91 The discovery of soft dinosaur tissue 00:22:28.01\00:22:30.28 provides strong evidence for their recent demise. 00:22:30.38\00:22:34.05 There is a battle between two worldviews on dinosaurs. 00:22:34.15\00:22:37.85 The biblical worldview makes much more sense 00:22:37.95\00:22:40.72 from the evidence that we find all over the world. 00:22:40.82\00:22:44.23 This evidence confirms we can trust 00:22:44.33\00:22:46.49 the Bible as an accurate account of history, and so much more. 00:22:46.59\00:22:51.53 Man was created by God in perfection 00:22:51.63\00:22:54.40 but chose to disobey, bringing sin and death into the world. 00:22:54.50\00:22:59.44 Then because of man's continued rebellion, 00:22:59.54\00:23:02.31 a worldwide judgment came by water, 00:23:02.41\00:23:04.75 depositing most of the dinosaur fossils 00:23:04.85\00:23:06.85 we have been looking at. 00:23:06.95\00:23:08.55 The Bible also shares what's going to happen in the future. 00:23:08.65\00:23:12.22 Because of our sin and rebellion against our Creator, 00:23:12.32\00:23:15.59 we are destined to be judged by our Creator. 00:23:15.69\00:23:18.96 No matter how many good things you've done, 00:23:19.06\00:23:21.66 the Bible says that your sin will condemn you to death 00:23:21.76\00:23:24.93 and eternal punishment. 00:23:25.03\00:23:26.90 God is holy and perfect and cannot live in heaven with 00:23:27.00\00:23:30.17 sinful creatures like us. 00:23:30.27\00:23:32.37 In fact, the Bible says we live as enemies 00:23:32.47\00:23:35.28 of God because of our sin. 00:23:35.38\00:23:37.48 But while we were powerless to do anything 00:23:37.58\00:23:39.98 about our situation, God sent his son, Jesus, 00:23:40.08\00:23:43.75 who died on the cross to pay the penalty for our sins, 00:23:43.85\00:23:46.92 to take the punishment we deserved, 00:23:47.02\00:23:49.09 and died for our sake. 00:23:49.19\00:23:51.49 But we have to realize that we are sinners 00:23:51.59\00:23:54.50 and in need of salvation. 00:23:54.60\00:23:57.33 If we turn to God, repent of our sin, 00:23:57.43\00:24:00.07 and believe Jesus Christ died on our behalf, then 00:24:00.17\00:24:03.81 we will be made friends with God, 00:24:03.91\00:24:05.74 not by anything we've done, but only by what 00:24:05.84\00:24:08.81 Jesus did on the cross for us. 00:24:08.91\00:24:11.78 Three days after Jesus was on the cross, 00:24:11.88\00:24:14.52 He rose from the dead and later went back 00:24:14.62\00:24:16.85 to His Father in Heaven. 00:24:16.95\00:24:18.89 If we have repented and believed in the work of God 00:24:18.99\00:24:22.32 through Jesus, then we too will rise in the future 00:24:22.42\00:24:25.59 and be with God in heaven. 00:24:25.69\00:24:27.20 Have you realized the depth of your sin, 00:24:27.30\00:24:29.40 repented, and made Him your Lord and Savior? 00:24:29.50\00:24:32.20 We invite you to do this today. 00:24:32.30\00:24:35.00 Awesome Science is a video series produced by 00:24:35.87\00:24:38.84 Awesome Science Media produces many other great shows, 00:24:40.54\00:24:44.21 Ark Animals 00:24:52.15\00:24:53.39 We broadcast our episodes throughout the world 00:24:57.56\00:25:00.40 on television networks, TV stations, and online platforms. 00:25:00.40\00:25:05.17 We're making a difference by challenging the deceptive 00:25:05.17\00:25:08.60 evolutionary worldview, which directly opposes the Word of God 00:25:08.70\00:25:13.11 Our mission is to provide youth with a firm foundation 00:25:13.11\00:25:16.68 based on solid scientific evidence that supports their 00:25:16.68\00:25:20.05 Biblical worldview. We also want to encourage youth 00:25:20.05\00:25:23.79 to pursue the Truth, and maybe even make a career from their 00:25:23.79\00:25:27.42 interest in science and the Bible. 00:25:27.42\00:25:29.66 Thank you for watcing our shows. 00:25:29.66\00:25:32.06 Please keep up with us as we continue to build new content 00:25:32.06\00:25:35.36 which builds up your faith in the Word of God. 00:25:35.36\00:25:38.47 Thanks for watching this episode of "Awesome Science." 00:25:39.30\00:25:41.74 And remember, science-- it's awesome. 00:25:41.84\00:25:44.54 [music playing] 00:25:44.64\00:25:48.51