And comes from the DVD series, "Awesome Science" 00:00:04.43\00:00:09.27 The Rockies are the largest group 00:00:10.24\00:00:11.94 of mountains in North America. 00:00:12.04\00:00:14.28 They stretch over 1,000 miles, from British Columbia 00:00:14.38\00:00:18.28 to New Mexico. 00:00:18.38\00:00:20.08 Most of the exposed rocks are sedimentary, 00:00:20.18\00:00:23.02 meaning they were formed by water and under water. 00:00:23.12\00:00:26.69 One of the most beautiful locations to see the Rockies 00:00:26.79\00:00:29.36 is Rocky Mountain National Park in central Colorado. 00:00:29.46\00:00:33.19 Secular scientists believe these mountains 00:00:33.29\00:00:35.53 were formed over tens of millions of years 00:00:35.63\00:00:38.23 through slow and gradual tectonic processes. 00:00:38.33\00:00:41.84 They use continental drift as a mechanism for mountain 00:00:41.94\00:00:44.74 building, yet this idea was originally proposed 00:00:44.84\00:00:48.44 by a Christian geologist in 1859, 00:00:48.54\00:00:51.51 where he suggested the continents came 00:00:51.61\00:00:53.68 to their current position in less than a 00:00:53.78\00:00:55.68 year during the global flood and didn't take millions of years. 00:00:55.78\00:01:00.66 Current Christian geologists have further research 00:01:00.76\00:01:03.26 on this idea, and now call it catastrophic plate tectonics. 00:01:03.36\00:01:07.83 Then, there are other slow forming geologic features. 00:01:07.93\00:01:12.07 These features are related to the Rockies formation 00:01:12.17\00:01:15.00 and erosion. 00:01:15.10\00:01:16.44 Examples being the Great Sand Dunes and Devils Tower. 00:01:16.54\00:01:21.51 The Bible indicates that our Earth 00:01:21.61\00:01:23.78 is only about 6,000 years old. 00:01:23.88\00:01:26.25 What is the real story of when and how these mountains were 00:01:26.35\00:01:29.95 formed and eroded. 00:01:30.05\00:01:32.25 What evidence suggests these mountains could 00:01:32.35\00:01:34.89 have formed and eroded during the catastrophic events 00:01:34.99\00:01:38.23 of the flood? 00:01:38.33\00:01:39.59 We'll find out all this and more next on Awesome Science. 00:01:39.69\00:01:43.33 Awesome Science takes you on a field trip 00:01:48.80\00:01:51.64 to some of the most amazing geologic and historic sites 00:01:51.74\00:01:55.28 around the world, where we use the Bible 00:01:55.38\00:01:57.98 as our history guidebook to interpret what we see. 00:01:58.08\00:02:00.92 That the Bible can be trusted and empirical science 00:02:01.02\00:02:04.32 falls in line with the biblical account of creation, 00:02:04.42\00:02:07.26 the fall, and the flood. 00:02:07.36\00:02:09.99 Science, it's awesome. 00:02:10.09\00:02:11.83 In the state of Colorado, just west of Fort Collins, 00:02:24.31\00:02:27.68 is the entrance to Rocky Mountain National Park. 00:02:27.78\00:02:31.28 The park was established in 1915 by President Woodrow Wilson. 00:02:31.38\00:02:36.72 It covers an area of 415 square miles with many stunning vistas 00:02:36.82\00:02:44.33 from valleys to high peaks. 00:02:44.43\00:02:47.40 The elevation changes from 4,000 to over 12,000 feet. 00:02:47.50\00:02:53.54 It's a great place to get out and enjoy nature. 00:02:53.64\00:02:57.24 There are over 300 miles of hiking trails plus 150 lakes 00:02:57.34\00:03:03.45 and 450 miles of streams. 00:03:03.55\00:03:06.48 Everywhere you look, there are amazing views. 00:03:06.58\00:03:09.48 The park has 72 peaks that tower over 12,000 feet. 00:03:09.58\00:03:14.76 The park represents the best of all parts 00:03:14.86\00:03:17.53 of the Rockies, deep valleys, high peaks, rough terrain, 00:03:17.63\00:03:24.07 and lots of wildlife. 00:03:24.17\00:03:26.67 There are many stops along the highway 00:03:26.77\00:03:28.74 for views of wild animals, opportunities 00:03:28.84\00:03:32.57 to see elk and deer. 00:03:32.67\00:03:35.44 Coming here is a real treat. 00:03:35.54\00:03:37.35 Mountains are found on every continent. 00:03:41.98\00:03:44.45 How do they form? 00:03:44.55\00:03:45.75 There are actually several ways mountains are built. 00:03:45.85\00:03:49.22 The first way is mountains can be formed by folded layers. 00:03:49.32\00:03:54.10 The layers are pushed together on each end and begin to fold. 00:03:54.20\00:03:58.40 The layers will rise and fall twisting in the process. 00:03:58.50\00:04:02.60 Examples of folded mountains are found in the Rockies, Alps, 00:04:02.70\00:04:06.64 Himalayas, and Appalachians. 00:04:06.74\00:04:09.61 Another kind is called domed mountains. 00:04:09.71\00:04:12.81 This happens when pressures below the earth's surface 00:04:12.91\00:04:15.72 push up layers, and then the layers get bent. 00:04:15.82\00:04:19.25 The Black Hills of South Dakota are 00:04:19.35\00:04:21.49 an example of domed mountains. 00:04:21.59\00:04:24.09 Then, there are fault block mountains. 00:04:24.19\00:04:27.00 This happens when layers shift up or down, like a knife went 00:04:27.10\00:04:31.27 through the layers and cut them up, so they shift vertically. 00:04:31.37\00:04:36.04 The Grand Tetons in Wyoming are an example 00:04:36.14\00:04:38.81 of fault block mountains. 00:04:38.91\00:04:40.98 Today, probably the most dramatic and visible formations 00:04:41.08\00:04:45.01 are volcanic mountains. 00:04:45.11\00:04:47.08 These types of mountains form when 00:04:47.18\00:04:48.95 molten lava comes up through the crust 00:04:49.05\00:04:51.25 and pushes out onto the surface. 00:04:51.35\00:04:53.89 They tend to be in linear chains across the earth. 00:04:53.99\00:04:57.76 They include the Cascades, Aleutians, 00:04:57.86\00:05:01.56 and Hawaiian Islands, which are around the Pacific Rim. 00:05:01.66\00:05:05.83 Secular scientists believe the mountains 00:05:05.93\00:05:08.20 we see today have risen over millions of years 00:05:08.30\00:05:11.71 through slow and gradual processes. 00:05:11.81\00:05:14.58 But since the Bible indicates a much younger 00:05:14.68\00:05:17.81 earth, the processes for building the mountains, which 00:05:17.91\00:05:21.35 we see today, would have happened much quicker 00:05:21.45\00:05:23.89 in the past. 00:05:23.99\00:05:25.55 There is a lot of evidence suggesting 00:05:25.65\00:05:27.59 the flood was responsible for catastrophic processes. 00:05:27.69\00:05:31.59 These processes would have formed most of the mountains 00:05:31.69\00:05:34.50 in less than a year. 00:05:34.60\00:05:36.30 So we have mountains forming through upheaval, 00:05:36.40\00:05:39.13 plus flood waters carving new valleys 00:05:39.23\00:05:41.90 and revealing more mountains. 00:05:42.00\00:05:44.37 Even during the several hundred years after the flood, 00:05:44.47\00:05:47.74 as the earth settled, there was still 00:05:47.84\00:05:49.71 lots of geologic activity. 00:05:49.81\00:05:52.35 Many of the volcanic mountains we see today 00:05:52.45\00:05:54.98 were a part of that process of reaching geologic equilibrium. 00:05:55.08\00:05:58.52 The Rockies only reach 13,000 to 14,000 feet, 00:06:04.29\00:06:08.00 and they are made up of sedimentary layers. 00:06:08.10\00:06:10.63 What's amazing about these mountains 00:06:10.73\00:06:12.73 is they're full of marine fossils. 00:06:12.83\00:06:15.70 Evolutionists presume these fossils 00:06:15.80\00:06:18.11 developed in a shallow sea covering this area 00:06:18.21\00:06:21.31 millions of years ago. 00:06:21.41\00:06:23.81 Below the sedimentary rocks, we find metamorphic rocks 00:06:23.91\00:06:27.58 and granites. 00:06:27.68\00:06:29.28 Metamorphic rocks are sedimentary and volcanic rocks 00:06:29.38\00:06:32.92 that have been changed by heat and pressure. 00:06:33.02\00:06:35.66 The granites are assumed to be the basement rocks formed over 00:06:35.76\00:06:39.59 a billion years ago. 00:06:39.69\00:06:42.33 These three levels of granites, metamorphic, 00:06:42.43\00:06:45.03 and sedimentary rocks are thought by secular scientists 00:06:45.13\00:06:48.30 to be three generations of mountain building processes. 00:06:48.40\00:06:52.47 The sedimentary being the youngest of these. 00:06:52.57\00:06:55.91 Many of the Rocky Mountains have been pushed up, faulted, 00:06:56.01\00:06:59.61 and folded. 00:06:59.71\00:07:00.72 How did this happen? 00:07:00.82\00:07:03.12 We now know the surface of the Earth 00:07:03.22\00:07:05.12 is made up of various plates called tectonic plates. 00:07:05.22\00:07:09.56 As far as we know, earth is the only planet in the solar system 00:07:09.66\00:07:13.56 with plates like these. 00:07:13.66\00:07:16.10 The plates move. 00:07:16.20\00:07:17.53 Currently, the rate of movement is slow. 00:07:17.63\00:07:20.47 They can collide with each other, pushing up mountains. 00:07:20.57\00:07:23.54 When one plate slides underneath another, 00:07:23.64\00:07:26.04 it is called subduction. 00:07:26.14\00:07:28.58 We know Mt. 00:07:28.68\00:07:29.81 Everest in Asia, the tallest mountain in the world, 00:07:29.91\00:07:32.51 continues to grow in height by 4 millimeters a year. 00:07:32.61\00:07:37.19 This is because two plates are pushing into each other. 00:07:37.29\00:07:41.52 The amazing part about Everest is the top layer 00:07:41.62\00:07:44.33 is sedimentary and contains fossils, which means 00:07:44.43\00:07:47.96 they were formed by water. 00:07:48.06\00:07:50.50 Since sea level is where most water is now, Mt. 00:07:50.60\00:07:53.74 Everest has risen almost 30,000 feet at some point in the past. 00:07:53.84\00:07:57.97 Most of the floor of the Pacific Ocean 00:08:01.41\00:08:03.41 is known as the Pacific plate. 00:08:03.51\00:08:05.95 North America is known as the North American plate, 00:08:06.05\00:08:09.58 and South America is known as the South American Plate. 00:08:09.68\00:08:13.72 The Western edges of North and South America 00:08:13.82\00:08:16.73 are at the edges of those plates. 00:08:16.83\00:08:19.36 While the east sides of those plates 00:08:19.46\00:08:21.46 go all the way to the Mid-Atlantic ridge. 00:08:21.56\00:08:25.27 It is thought by secular geologists 00:08:25.37\00:08:27.50 that North America was much flatter many millions of years 00:08:27.60\00:08:31.01 ago then it is now. 00:08:31.11\00:08:32.67 Placid seas came and went laying down many layers of sediments. 00:08:32.77\00:08:37.75 Then, some unknown geologic process 00:08:37.85\00:08:40.55 began pushing the Pacific plate down 00:08:40.65\00:08:43.08 below the North American plate. 00:08:43.18\00:08:45.42 The Pacific plate dragged down the Western edge of the North 00:08:45.52\00:08:48.66 America plate and began to push up the North American 00:08:48.76\00:08:51.79 plate near its Western side. 00:08:51.89\00:08:54.23 This caused mountains to be pushed up 00:08:54.36\00:08:56.70 supposedly forming the Rockies over tens of millions of years. 00:08:56.80\00:09:03.00 This upward pressure also allowed molten rock 00:09:03.10\00:09:06.04 to rise from deep in the earth causing some volcanic activity 00:09:06.14\00:09:10.41 on the surface. 00:09:10.51\00:09:13.25 As the sedimentary layers on top got pushed up, 00:09:13.35\00:09:16.95 they were partially eroded to expose 00:09:17.05\00:09:19.15 the metamorphic and granite rocks beneath, 00:09:19.25\00:09:22.16 leaving tilted sedimentary layers flanking them. 00:09:22.26\00:09:26.46 All of these geologic processes supposedly happened over 00:09:26.56\00:09:30.10 tens of millions of years. 00:09:30.20\00:09:32.37 Secular scientists believe that mountain building 00:09:32.47\00:09:34.90 is an ongoing process. 00:09:35.00\00:09:36.47 Mountains being destroyed and rebuilt over and over again. 00:09:36.57\00:09:39.54 For the most part, creation scientists 00:09:44.18\00:09:46.15 don't disagree with secular scientists about the mechanism 00:09:46.25\00:09:49.35 for creating the Rockies, but they 00:09:49.45\00:09:51.32 believe geologic processes happened much faster 00:09:51.42\00:09:54.49 in the past. 00:09:54.59\00:09:56.29 Back in 1859, French geographer and scientist, 00:09:56.39\00:10:00.16 Antonio Snider-Pellegrini proposed 00:10:00.26\00:10:02.93 that rapid horizontal divergence of the crustal plates 00:10:03.03\00:10:06.10 occurred during the flood of Noah's day, 00:10:06.20\00:10:08.97 and then slowed down. 00:10:09.07\00:10:11.57 This basically means tectonic plates 00:10:11.67\00:10:14.18 began moving very quickly initiating 00:10:14.28\00:10:16.88 the geologic processes to start the global flood. 00:10:16.98\00:10:19.85 During the one year period of the flood, 00:10:19.95\00:10:22.15 they continued to move, going underneath each other 00:10:22.25\00:10:25.12 or colliding. 00:10:25.22\00:10:26.15 This caused mountains to rise quickly, 00:10:26.25\00:10:28.49 and the flood waters to eventually move off 00:10:28.59\00:10:30.63 the continents. 00:10:30.73\00:10:32.59 He developed this idea after looking 00:10:32.69\00:10:34.96 at how some of the earth's continents 00:10:35.06\00:10:37.07 seemed to match together. 00:10:37.17\00:10:39.23 It appeared as if they were once connected. 00:10:39.33\00:10:42.50 He proposed the earth's tectonic plates were rapidly 00:10:42.60\00:10:45.84 ripped apart and sprinted catastrophically 00:10:45.94\00:10:48.81 to their current positions in less than a year. 00:10:48.91\00:10:52.45 Before this time, most geologists 00:10:52.55\00:10:55.02 believed the earth's plates were horizontally fixed. 00:10:55.12\00:10:58.09 Pellegrini a creationist, thought differently, 00:10:58.19\00:11:01.22 and furthered science as a result. 00:11:01.32\00:11:04.76 Later, secular geologists adopted this idea 00:11:04.86\00:11:08.03 of diverging crustal plates. 00:11:08.13\00:11:10.93 However, due to their world view of long ages, 00:11:11.03\00:11:13.67 they developed the idea of slow continental drift. 00:11:13.77\00:11:17.81 Some would say the amazing ideas of a creation geologist 00:11:17.91\00:11:21.44 were hijacked by secular scientists to prove long ages. 00:11:21.54\00:11:26.72 This is an effort to use creation geologist discoveries 00:11:26.82\00:11:30.62 against them. 00:11:30.72\00:11:32.89 Unfortunately, slow continental drift 00:11:32.99\00:11:35.52 has become the predominant theory 00:11:35.62\00:11:37.43 among secular geologists. 00:11:37.53\00:11:38.63 In the 1990s, several creation geologists 00:11:41.90\00:11:44.90 adopted Pellegrini's idea for quick movement of the earth's 00:11:45.00\00:11:48.40 plates during the flood. 00:11:48.50\00:11:51.07 They furthered his research, and called it catastrophic plate 00:11:51.17\00:11:54.61 tectonics, or CPT. As it was examined in more detail, 00:11:54.71\00:12:00.32 CPT appears capable of explaining 00:12:00.42\00:12:03.12 a wide variety of data, which slow tectonic theories 00:12:03.22\00:12:06.72 are incapable of explaining. 00:12:06.82\00:12:09.09 In a pre-flood earth, the earth was differentiated 00:12:09.19\00:12:12.33 into core, mantle, and crust. 00:12:12.43\00:12:15.43 The crust was separated horizontally 00:12:15.53\00:12:17.63 into large stable blocks of rock above the waters formed 00:12:17.73\00:12:21.70 during the creation week. 00:12:21.80\00:12:24.24 These types of rocks are mainly granites and metamorphic. 00:12:24.34\00:12:29.14 The ocean floor was primarily made of mafic basalt, 00:12:29.24\00:12:33.35 which is denser than granite. 00:12:33.45\00:12:35.68 In CPT, the flood was started as slabs of ocean floor 00:12:35.78\00:12:39.99 broke loose and subducted along thousands 00:12:40.09\00:12:42.92 of miles of pre-flood continental margins. 00:12:43.02\00:12:46.63 The pre-flood supercontinent also broke up 00:12:46.73\00:12:49.43 into fragments called plates. 00:12:49.53\00:12:51.67 This all led to the plates moving 00:12:51.77\00:12:53.84 at feet per second, and mantle convection 00:12:53.94\00:12:57.41 bringing up massive amounts of heat 00:12:57.51\00:12:59.57 from the interior of the earth. 00:12:59.67\00:13:01.94 The mantle convection affecting the earth's core, 00:13:02.04\00:13:05.21 which induced rapid reversals of the earth's magnetic field. 00:13:05.31\00:13:10.19 From near the core mantle boundary, 00:13:10.29\00:13:12.39 large plumes of molten rock rose to erupt 00:13:12.49\00:13:15.82 as vast volcanic outpourings called flood basalts. 00:13:15.92\00:13:20.66 Rising basalt lavas from the upper mantle 00:13:20.76\00:13:23.37 also rapidly filled the long linear ruptures 00:13:23.47\00:13:26.27 in the sea floor, pushing the old seafloor aside. 00:13:26.37\00:13:30.54 Rapidly, the continental fragments 00:13:30.64\00:13:32.57 were horizontally displaced pushing the plates. 00:13:32.67\00:13:36.44 This rapid rising of basalt magma with steam 00:13:36.54\00:13:39.68 came into contact with the ocean water 00:13:39.78\00:13:41.95 and jettisoned ocean water with steam 00:13:42.05\00:13:44.25 high into the atmosphere where it condensed 00:13:44.35\00:13:47.29 creating intense global rain. 00:13:47.39\00:13:51.16 The new warm ocean floor rose quickly 00:13:51.26\00:13:54.36 as the new less dense magma that had produced 00:13:54.46\00:13:57.20 it poured out from the mantle. 00:13:57.30\00:14:00.24 This caused sea level to rise so that the ocean waters swept up 00:14:00.34\00:14:04.11 onto and across the continents. 00:14:04.21\00:14:07.04 Now, the pushed aside denser cold pre-flood ocean 00:14:07.14\00:14:10.75 floor, as it subducted, started bending and up warping. 00:14:10.85\00:14:15.02 Fast moving ocean water facilitated the transport 00:14:15.12\00:14:17.99 of sediments onto the continental margins. 00:14:18.09\00:14:21.32 Large earthquakes induced tidal waves with ocean 00:14:21.42\00:14:25.13 to land movement further transporting sediments 00:14:25.23\00:14:27.96 into the continental interiors. 00:14:28.06\00:14:30.43 This resulted in sedimentary rock layers 00:14:30.53\00:14:32.87 covering regions and even entire continents that were eventually 00:14:32.97\00:14:36.74 covered in thick and uniform layers of sediment. 00:14:36.84\00:14:41.04 This is very prevalent in the Western United 00:14:41.14\00:14:43.01 States, such as in the southwest and the Rockies. 00:14:43.11\00:14:47.48 Erosion of these sediment layers can 00:14:48.68\00:14:50.79 be seen in places such as the Grand 00:14:50.89\00:14:52.95 This program is brought to you by 00:14:59.69\00:15:02.36 An organization committed to producing high quality 00:15:03.97\00:15:07.14 science-focused television content 00:15:07.14\00:15:09.34 all from a Biblical worldview. 00:15:09.34\00:15:11.51 Awesome Science is our kids series hosted by Noah Justice 00:15:11.51\00:15:15.48 In every episode, Noah visits the national parks 00:15:15.48\00:15:18.41 and historical sites to help you understand 00:15:18.41\00:15:21.22 earth's history using a Biblical worldview. 00:15:21.22\00:15:24.39 Find us online to watch all of our shows, 00:15:24.39\00:15:27.42 Noah's bloopers, behind the scenes videos, and special 00:15:27.42\00:15:33.09 interviews. 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When the pre-flood, cold dense ocean 00:15:49.74\00:15:52.41 floor subducted under the moving continents and plunged 00:15:52.51\00:15:55.88 into the mantle it also tried to drag the continental edges 00:15:55.98\00:15:59.55 with it. 00:15:59.65\00:16:01.16 But there was a problem. 00:16:01.26\00:16:02.76 Further inland from its edge, the North American plate 00:16:02.86\00:16:05.89 began to arch upwards, and thus, the Rocky Mountain 00:16:05.99\00:16:08.83 started to develop very quickly. 00:16:08.93\00:16:11.33 There was some faulting as well as up warping. 00:16:11.43\00:16:15.07 During this time, cracking in the crust 00:16:15.17\00:16:17.34 also occurred, and large amounts of magma 00:16:17.44\00:16:21.01 poured out onto the continents through volcanoes. 00:16:21.11\00:16:24.65 Because the subducting pre-flood ocean floor 00:16:24.75\00:16:27.42 slab sank below creation week rocks foundational to the North 00:16:27.52\00:16:31.25 American plate, these got pushed up too. 00:16:31.35\00:16:33.92 Examples being the granites and metamorphic rocks. 00:16:34.02\00:16:38.03 When all of the cold, dense, pre-flood oceanic floor 00:16:38.13\00:16:41.63 had been replaced with new warm, less dense, less subductible 00:16:41.73\00:16:45.80 oceanic crust, catastrophic plate motion 00:16:45.90\00:16:49.00 slowed down and eventually stopped. 00:16:49.10\00:16:52.34 The continental margins stopped getting dragged down 00:16:52.44\00:16:55.51 by the subducting slab, so it bobbed back up again. 00:16:55.61\00:16:59.48 The Rockies thus, rose higher. 00:16:59.58\00:17:02.98 This new ocean floor increased in density as it cooled. 00:17:03.08\00:17:07.62 It then began sinking, producing deeper ocean basins. 00:17:07.72\00:17:12.26 As the mountains were rising on the continents, 00:17:12.36\00:17:14.56 the ocean basins were sinking, and the flood waters 00:17:14.66\00:17:17.83 receded quickly. 00:17:17.93\00:17:19.13 It caused sheet and channelized erosion 00:17:19.23\00:17:22.70 planing off thousands of feet of sedimentary layers. 00:17:22.80\00:17:26.21 Much of the continental shelves today 00:17:26.31\00:17:28.48 are comprised of these eroded materials. 00:17:28.58\00:17:31.68 Even after the flood waters drained into the ocean basins, 00:17:31.78\00:17:35.35 there was a substantial period of gravitational readjustment 00:17:35.45\00:17:38.99 were local to regional catastrophes 00:17:39.09\00:17:41.49 with intense earthquake and volcanic activity were common. 00:17:41.59\00:17:44.86 Post-flood sedimentation did continue, and was rapid 00:17:48.10\00:17:51.93 at times, but was mainly contained 00:17:52.03\00:17:54.30 to small basins on the continents. 00:17:54.40\00:17:57.61 Huge geologic activity in the oceans during the flood 00:17:57.71\00:18:01.24 would have heated up the water worldwide. 00:18:01.34\00:18:04.31 This resulted in a significantly warmer climate just 00:18:04.41\00:18:07.85 after the flood. 00:18:07.95\00:18:09.68 Large storms dumped huge amounts of rain and snow 00:18:09.78\00:18:12.99 on the continents causing heavy erosion 00:18:13.09\00:18:15.52 and the quick development of the ice age towards the poles. 00:18:15.62\00:18:19.89 CPT simply takes the secular continental drift idea 00:18:20.00\00:18:24.23 and puts it in the context of the flood, which 00:18:24.33\00:18:27.00 lasted only a year. 00:18:27.10\00:18:28.90 The Rockies formed quickly during this time. 00:18:29.00\00:18:32.27 Even after the flood, they would have experienced more change, 00:18:32.37\00:18:36.61 but not as dramatic as the earth settled and erosion continued. 00:18:36.71\00:18:41.62 Some creation scientists argue that recent earthquakes 00:18:41.72\00:18:45.19 and geologic activity is still the settling down of the earth 00:18:45.29\00:18:49.12 from the events of the flood. 00:18:49.22\00:18:51.03 CPT is a great model for explaining 00:18:51.13\00:18:54.10 much of the geology we observe around the world today. 00:18:54.20\00:18:57.90 Based on Pellegrini's observations, 00:18:58.00\00:19:00.40 the CPT model is actually older and more accurate 00:19:00.50\00:19:04.21 than the secular model of slow continental drift. 00:19:04.31\00:19:08.41 When you take the biblical record as true history, 00:19:08.51\00:19:11.25 it makes much better sense of what we find in the evidence. 00:19:11.35\00:19:14.72 Science, it's awesome. 00:19:14.82\00:19:16.45 Back in 1785, James Hutton proposed that the earth 00:19:21.62\00:19:25.56 was immensely old. 00:19:25.66\00:19:27.50 Before that, many scientists believed the earth was young, 00:19:27.60\00:19:31.33 using the Bible as their guide. 00:19:31.43\00:19:34.30 Today, most geologists take Hutton's view for granted 00:19:34.40\00:19:38.57 and accept that the continents formed at least 2 and 1/2 00:19:38.67\00:19:41.98 billion years ago. 00:19:42.08\00:19:43.71 Once you take a closer look, many geological processes 00:19:43.81\00:19:47.68 indicate the continents are much younger. 00:19:47.78\00:19:50.79 One such process, which indicates a younger earth, 00:19:50.89\00:19:53.52 is the process of erosion. 00:19:53.62\00:19:55.89 You can measure the rate of erosion across the world. 00:19:55.99\00:19:59.73 Water is the main culprit. 00:19:59.83\00:20:03.03 With some parts of the world getting more rain than others, 00:20:03.13\00:20:06.30 the rate of erosion can vary drastically across the globe. 00:20:06.40\00:20:10.67 Using current rates, the average height reduction 00:20:10.77\00:20:13.61 for all the continents is about 2.4 inches per 1,000 years. 00:20:13.71\00:20:18.61 In the 2 and 1/2 billion years of supposed earth's 00:20:18.71\00:20:21.85 continental history, 93 miles of continent 00:20:21.95\00:20:25.62 would have eroded, which defies common sense on a planet where 00:20:25.72\00:20:29.72 the highest mountains are only a few miles above sea level. 00:20:29.82\00:20:33.66 At the current average rate, North America 00:20:33.76\00:20:36.36 would have been leveled in less than 10 million years. 00:20:36.46\00:20:40.10 Either the average rate of erosion 00:20:40.20\00:20:42.04 was much smaller in the past, the earth just isn't that old, 00:20:42.14\00:20:45.57 or the rate of erosion was much greater in the past, 00:20:45.67\00:20:48.61 and the earth is as young as the Bible indicates, 00:20:48.71\00:20:51.65 only 6,000 years. 00:20:51.75\00:20:54.25 To make matters worse, mountainous regions 00:20:54.35\00:20:57.12 with their steep slopes and deep valleys 00:20:57.22\00:20:59.52 erode fastest, at an average of 39 inches in reduction 00:20:59.62\00:21:03.83 every 1,000 years. 00:21:03.93\00:21:05.93 Some mountains in Papua New Guinea 00:21:06.03\00:21:07.93 have been measured to erode at 750 inches per 1,000 years. 00:21:08.00\00:21:13.60 There is also evidence that the earth was much more temperate 00:21:13.70\00:21:16.67 in the past. 00:21:16.77\00:21:18.04 Places that are now deserts, like the Sahara, 00:21:18.14\00:21:20.88 were once very wet. 00:21:20.98\00:21:23.88 In addition, an abundance of evidence in the fossil record 00:21:23.98\00:21:27.35 shows a much wetter climate in the past. 00:21:27.45\00:21:30.62 So if the earth were even hundreds of millions of years 00:21:30.72\00:21:33.89 old, the mountains should not exist. 00:21:33.99\00:21:36.26 Secular scientists say the process of erosion and mountain 00:21:39.56\00:21:42.90 building is ongoing, so that as the mountains are eroded, 00:21:43.00\00:21:46.63 they continue to uplift and build. 00:21:46.74\00:21:49.37 So the effect of erosion is not as noticeable. 00:21:49.47\00:21:53.54 Yes, uplift is occurring right now, 00:21:53.64\00:21:56.24 but there is a major problem with this option. 00:21:56.34\00:21:59.11 If current erosion rates are used, 00:21:59.21\00:22:01.45 we should not find any old sediments in the mountain 00:22:01.55\00:22:04.29 areas, yet we find sediments from all ages preserved even 00:22:04.39\00:22:08.96 on the highest peaks, such as Mt. 00:22:09.06\00:22:11.29 Everest. 00:22:11.39\00:22:12.96 But if we take the Bible literally, 00:22:13.03\00:22:15.06 asserting that there was a worldwide flood, which happened 00:22:15.16\00:22:18.23 in a year, then the rates of erosion 00:22:18.33\00:22:20.77 would have been off the charts and match much what 00:22:20.87\00:22:23.74 we find around the world. 00:22:23.84\00:22:26.27 The Bible says, by day 150 the entire earth 00:22:26.37\00:22:30.21 was covered in water. 00:22:30.31\00:22:32.01 In fact, the Bible states the highest peak from the earth 00:22:32.11\00:22:35.35 before the flood was covered by over 23 feet of water. 00:22:35.45\00:22:39.59 God's promise of destruction of man and animals was complete. 00:22:39.69\00:22:43.99 Only those on the ark could have survived. 00:22:44.09\00:22:47.30 Because many of the mountains today 00:22:47.40\00:22:49.23 show evidence of rising quickly during the flood, 00:22:49.33\00:22:52.70 the mountains before the flood were probably 00:22:52.80\00:22:54.87 much smaller and hard to compare to what we see today. 00:22:54.97\00:22:59.21 Some also question how the entire earth could 00:22:59.31\00:23:02.61 have been covered by water, but if every continent was 00:23:02.71\00:23:05.95 laid flat and the ocean basins were 00:23:06.05\00:23:08.32 filled in so that everything was level, 00:23:08.42\00:23:10.62 there is enough water to cover the entire earth up 00:23:10.72\00:23:14.26 to 1.7 miles. 00:23:14.36\00:23:16.12 That's about 9,000 feet. 00:23:16.22\00:23:18.93 Psalm 104, verse 8, tells us that during the flood, 00:23:19.03\00:23:23.13 the mountains rose and the ocean basins sank. 00:23:23.23\00:23:26.70 As already discussed, catastrophic plate tectonics 00:23:26.80\00:23:30.14 would have quickly push up mountains 00:23:30.24\00:23:32.01 and eroded them quickly. 00:23:32.11\00:23:34.24 Giant sheets of sediments thousands of feet 00:23:34.34\00:23:36.78 thick were eroded in just days to months 00:23:36.88\00:23:39.81 as the floodwaters retreated. 00:23:39.91\00:23:42.35 As you can tell by now, the flood 00:23:43.75\00:23:45.79 had a major impact on the earth we see today. 00:23:45.89\00:23:49.46 The Bible says the flood was God's judgment on sin 00:23:49.56\00:23:52.63 and rebellion back in the days of Noah. 00:23:52.73\00:23:55.46 With everything happening in our world today 00:23:55.56\00:23:58.37 and where man is headed, God promises another judgment 00:23:58.47\00:24:02.00 on man's rebellion and sin. 00:24:02.10\00:24:04.31 This time, by fire. 00:24:04.41\00:24:06.07 He loves his creation, but can't let it go on the way it is, 00:24:06.17\00:24:09.74 towards destruction. 00:24:09.84\00:24:11.61 But he promises, if we repent of our sin 00:24:11.71\00:24:14.65 and turn to his son, Jesus Christ, and trust in his death 00:24:14.75\00:24:18.12 on the cross as the payment for our sin, 00:24:18.22\00:24:21.62 then God will forgive us, and we will walk with him forever 00:24:21.72\00:24:25.23 in a new heaven and new earth. 00:24:25.33\00:24:27.86 If you have not done so already, we 00:24:27.96\00:24:30.03 encourage you to repent of your sin and turn to Jesus Christ 00:24:30.13\00:24:34.00 today. 00:24:34.10\00:24:35.17 Awesome Science is a video series produced by 00:24:35.87\00:24:38.84 Awesome Science Media produces many other great shows, 00:24:40.54\00:24:44.21 Ark Animals 00:24:52.15\00:24:53.39 We broadcast our episodes throughout the world 00:24:57.56\00:25:00.40 on television networks, TV stations, and online platforms. 00:25:00.40\00:25:05.17 We're making a difference by challenging the deceptive 00:25:05.17\00:25:08.60 evolutionary worldview, which directly opposes the Word of God 00:25:08.70\00:25:13.11 Our mission is to provide youth with a firm foundation 00:25:13.11\00:25:16.68 based on solid scientific evidence that supports their 00:25:16.68\00:25:20.05 Biblical worldview. 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