And comes from the DVD series, "Awesome Science" 00:00:04.43\00:00:09.27 NOAH JUSTICE: One of America's most incredible national parks 00:00:10.51\00:00:13.24 sits on the border of Montana in Canada. 00:00:13.34\00:00:16.44 It's called Glacier National Park. 00:00:16.54\00:00:19.95 Giant cliffs of sedimentary rock rises thousands of feet high. 00:00:20.05\00:00:24.95 How did the rocks form? 00:00:25.05\00:00:26.59 And what processes carved these giant valleys? 00:00:26.69\00:00:30.73 Secular scientists say these rocks 00:00:30.83\00:00:32.93 are over 1.6 billion years old and contain stromatolites built 00:00:33.03\00:00:37.40 by microbes supposed to have formed over a billion years, 00:00:37.50\00:00:40.67 ago according to evolution. 00:00:40.77\00:00:42.47 They also say many ice ages over millions 00:00:42.57\00:00:45.17 of years carved these valleys, yet there 00:00:45.27\00:00:48.58 are over 60 ideas about how the ice age formed and melted, 00:00:48.68\00:00:53.21 showing secular scientists really 00:00:53.31\00:00:55.22 don't have any one theory that works well with the evidence. 00:00:55.32\00:00:59.02 Some people doubt there was an ice age, 00:00:59.12\00:01:00.99 but the evidence is all around us. 00:01:01.09\00:01:04.23 The Bible indicates that these rocks were formed quickly 00:01:04.33\00:01:07.66 during the global flood, which produced 00:01:07.76\00:01:09.96 the right conditions for one ice age, 00:01:10.07\00:01:12.43 all happening within the last 4,350 years. 00:01:12.53\00:01:16.97 This time scale does not match with the billions of years 00:01:17.07\00:01:20.24 proposed by secular scientists. 00:01:20.34\00:01:22.24 Which view is correct? 00:01:22.34\00:01:23.98 And what does the evidence really show? 00:01:24.08\00:01:26.85 Find out all this and more next on "Awesome Science." 00:01:26.95\00:01:35.52 "Awesome Science" takes you on a field trip 00:01:35.62\00:01:38.46 to some of the most amazing geologic and historic sites 00:01:38.56\00:01:42.06 around the world where we use the Bible as our history 00:01:42.16\00:01:45.63 guidebook to interpret what we see, 00:01:45.73\00:01:47.64 that the Bible can be trusted, and empirical science 00:01:47.74\00:01:51.04 falls in line with the Biblical account of Creation, the Fall, 00:01:51.14\00:01:54.41 and in the Flood. 00:01:54.51\00:01:56.71 Science, it's awesome. 00:01:56.81\00:01:58.61 The history of this area goes back thousands of years. 00:02:08.96\00:02:12.56 The earliest inhabitants were American Indians, the Salish. 00:02:12.66\00:02:16.67 Flathead, Shoshone, and Cheyenne. 00:02:16.77\00:02:20.07 The anthropologist, historian, and writer, 00:02:20.17\00:02:22.67 George Bird Grinnell, called this area 00:02:22.77\00:02:25.11 the Crown of the Continent. 00:02:25.21\00:02:26.91 He made it his life's goal to preserve 00:02:27.01\00:02:29.28 this beauty for all mankind. 00:02:29.38\00:02:32.41 But progress came. 00:02:32.51\00:02:34.08 In 1891, the Great Northern Railway 00:02:34.18\00:02:36.92 crossed the Continental Divide along the southern boundary 00:02:37.02\00:02:39.79 of the park. 00:02:39.89\00:02:41.12 And Swiss style lodges and chalets were built in this area 00:02:41.22\00:02:44.43 to portray it as Americas Switzerland. 00:02:44.53\00:02:47.76 In concern that the land would not 00:02:47.86\00:02:49.46 be exploited for private enterprise, 00:02:49.56\00:02:51.73 President Taft, in 1910, established this area 00:02:51.83\00:02:55.27 as a national park. 00:02:55.37\00:02:58.07 The park compasses over 1.2 million acres with two mountain 00:02:58.17\00:03:02.64 ranges, over 700 pristine lakes, only 134 named. 00:03:02.74\00:03:09.78 The deepest is Lake McDonald at 464 feet. 00:03:09.88\00:03:15.09 The park has over 200 waterfalls, 00:03:15.19\00:03:17.76 some almost 500 feet tall. 00:03:17.86\00:03:20.90 Two million visitors come here annually. 00:03:20.96\00:03:23.43 You can travel by car or by bus through 00:03:23.53\00:03:26.13 this magnificent scenery. 00:03:26.23\00:03:29.10 In 1932, work was completed on the Going-to-the-Sun Road, 00:03:29.20\00:03:33.34 which connects the west and east sides. 00:03:33.44\00:03:36.88 The road was named after an American Indian legend 00:03:36.98\00:03:39.75 and is considered an engineering marvel. 00:03:39.85\00:03:42.75 It was built in the 1930s on sheer cliffs 00:03:42.85\00:03:46.02 during the short construction seasons 00:03:46.12\00:03:48.62 where workers had to build through 60 foot snowdrifts. 00:03:48.72\00:03:52.76 The highest point of the highway goes over Logan's Pass 00:03:52.86\00:03:55.80 at 6,646 feet. 00:03:55.90\00:03:59.07 The road was completed in less than 20 years and cost 00:03:59.17\00:04:02.34 more than $2 million. 00:04:02.44\00:04:04.87 Glacier is a part of a large preserved ecosystem 00:04:04.97\00:04:07.91 known as the Crown of the Continent ecosystem. 00:04:08.01\00:04:10.95 There is little to no pollution since there 00:04:11.05\00:04:13.08 are no major dense human population 00:04:13.18\00:04:15.45 centers and no factories. 00:04:15.55\00:04:18.12 It's a great place to observe alpine flora. 00:04:18.22\00:04:21.62 There are a total of 1,132 plant species 00:04:21.72\00:04:25.39 found in the valleys and peaks. 00:04:25.49\00:04:27.96 There are three major climate zones 00:04:28.06\00:04:29.90 in the park, the east side which is 00:04:30.00\00:04:32.23 drier and colder, the alpine regions, and the Pacific 00:04:32.33\00:04:36.20 side, which tends to be warmer. 00:04:36.30\00:04:38.77 Animal life is abundant. 00:04:38.87\00:04:41.04 You can observe grizzly bears, wolverines, mountain goats, 00:04:41.14\00:04:44.81 big horn sheep, moose, elk, mule deer, coyote, 00:04:44.91\00:04:48.85 and on a rare occasion, a mountain lion. 00:04:48.95\00:04:52.32 Glacier is known for its grizzly bear attacks. 00:04:52.42\00:04:54.89 But only a few happen each year. 00:04:54.99\00:04:56.93 It's always good to be cautious, so carry a can of bear spray 00:04:57.03\00:05:00.60 if you venture out onto the 700 miles of hiking trails. 00:05:00.70\00:05:05.53 Evidence for widespread glaciers is found throughout the park. 00:05:05.63\00:05:09.94 You can easily spot the u-shaped valleys, glacial cirques, 00:05:10.04\00:05:14.94 hanging valleys, moraines, and large outflow lakes. 00:05:15.04\00:05:20.15 Be sure to look for these features 00:05:20.25\00:05:21.72 as you explore the park. 00:05:21.82\00:05:24.29 The rocks and glaciers are supposed 00:05:24.39\00:05:26.12 to be the best preserved Proterozoic sedimentary 00:05:26.22\00:05:28.89 layers in the world, showcasing the Earth's most 00:05:28.99\00:05:32.06 fruitful source for the record of early life, 00:05:32.16\00:05:34.50 according to evolutionary thought. 00:05:34.60\00:05:37.07 But the Bible indicates the Earth 00:05:37.17\00:05:38.87 was created about 6,000 years ago, 00:05:38.97\00:05:41.37 using the genealogies found in Genesis and Matthew. 00:05:41.47\00:05:45.94 So how do we interpret the evidence 00:05:46.04\00:05:48.21 for supposed long ages in the light of the Biblical record? 00:05:48.31\00:05:51.78 Let's see what the evidence really shows. 00:05:51.88\00:05:54.08 Glacier National Park is in the northern Rockies. 00:05:57.65\00:06:01.76 The Rocky Mountains stretch from northern Arizona 00:06:01.86\00:06:04.86 all the way up into Canada. 00:06:04.96\00:06:07.56 Most of the Rocky Mountains consist of sedimentary layers, 00:06:07.66\00:06:11.17 meaning they were formed by water and under water. 00:06:11.27\00:06:14.40 There are also granite and volcanic rocks here as well. 00:06:14.50\00:06:18.44 Some secular scientists say the Rockies 00:06:18.54\00:06:21.14 we see today are the third generation of mountains 00:06:21.24\00:06:23.78 after seas and erosion carved down the previous Rockies, 00:06:23.88\00:06:27.52 leaving only a remnant of past mountain building. 00:06:27.62\00:06:31.12 The Rockies we see today are thought 00:06:31.22\00:06:33.19 to have formed over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago 00:06:33.29\00:06:37.13 by secular geologists. 00:06:37.23\00:06:40.03 The top layer of strata in Glacier 00:06:40.13\00:06:42.03 is called the Lewis Overthrust and is 00:06:42.13\00:06:44.37 supposed to be from the Proterozoic period. 00:06:44.47\00:06:47.57 There is a big problem here, because according 00:06:47.67\00:06:50.14 to the geologic column, the top layer 00:06:50.24\00:06:52.61 is one and a half billion years older than the rocks 00:06:52.71\00:06:55.68 below, which are from the Cretaceous age. 00:06:55.78\00:06:58.45 Because these layers are out of place 00:06:58.55\00:07:00.58 according to the supposed geologic column, 00:07:00.68\00:07:03.45 scientists have come up with a solution. 00:07:03.55\00:07:05.99 They call it an overthrust. 00:07:06.09\00:07:08.59 Overthrusts are thought to result from a geological event 00:07:08.69\00:07:11.89 where one rock layer is pushed up 00:07:11.99\00:07:13.66 over another through tectonic activity over millions 00:07:13.76\00:07:16.56 of years. 00:07:16.67\00:07:17.60 Since we don't see this happening today 00:07:17.70\00:07:19.70 and can't perform scientific experiments 00:07:19.80\00:07:22.40 on such a massive geologic scale, 00:07:22.50\00:07:25.01 secular scientists try to collect clues 00:07:25.11\00:07:27.44 about what happened. 00:07:27.54\00:07:28.81 Yet these clues are viewed through their worldview 00:07:28.91\00:07:31.48 of long ages and gradualism. 00:07:31.58\00:07:33.98 Catastrophic processes such as a worldwide flood 00:07:34.08\00:07:37.22 are not an option in their thinking. 00:07:37.32\00:07:40.79 The Lewis Overthrust extends from Glacier National Park 00:07:40.89\00:07:44.16 to 350 miles north. 00:07:44.26\00:07:47.60 It is 15 to 30 miles wide. 00:07:47.66\00:07:49.86 And the rocks are believed to have 00:07:49.96\00:07:51.30 been thrust about 35 miles from their original location. 00:07:51.40\00:07:56.07 We find these overthrusts throughout the mountain ranges 00:07:56.17\00:07:59.17 of the world. 00:07:59.27\00:08:00.61 The largest one is found in northern Wyoming 00:08:00.71\00:08:03.11 and called the Heart Mountain Overthrust. 00:08:03.21\00:08:06.68 If these formations are truly overthrusts millions 00:08:06.78\00:08:10.05 of years old, what evidence should we see? 00:08:10.15\00:08:13.89 Being that there are sedimentary layers both above and below, 00:08:13.99\00:08:17.63 the sedimentary layer below would 00:08:17.73\00:08:19.36 have to first harden into rock then 00:08:19.46\00:08:21.66 be pulled or pushed many miles over another sedimentary layer 00:08:21.76\00:08:25.30 that formed into rock after it. 00:08:25.40\00:08:28.40 Secular geologists say this happened over millions of years 00:08:28.50\00:08:32.27 through slow and gradual processes, 00:08:32.37\00:08:35.24 yet this tremendous geologic activity 00:08:35.34\00:08:37.95 should show stress and friction on each layer being 00:08:38.05\00:08:40.98 pushed or pulled over one distances in periods of time. 00:08:41.08\00:08:44.95 At the contact point between the two layers, 00:08:45.05\00:08:47.59 the rocks should be ground up. 00:08:47.69\00:08:50.16 In addition, where the layer was initially pushed, 00:08:50.26\00:08:53.09 the rocks should be compressed because it's 00:08:53.19\00:08:55.03 taking all of the weight of the rock behind it. 00:08:55.13\00:08:57.80 But we don't find these compressed layers. 00:08:57.90\00:09:00.87 With the supposed millions of years time scale secular 00:09:00.97\00:09:04.21 scientists use, the coefficient of friction 00:09:04.31\00:09:06.98 would have torn the layers apart. 00:09:07.08\00:09:09.74 The coefficient of friction is an empirical measurement 00:09:09.84\00:09:13.05 which describes the ratio of the force of friction 00:09:13.15\00:09:15.78 between two bodies and the force pressing them together. 00:09:15.88\00:09:20.99 But the contact point between the two layers 00:09:21.09\00:09:23.73 is sharp and abrupt, not ground up. 00:09:23.83\00:09:27.13 This is a telltale sign that the overthrust between these layers 00:09:27.23\00:09:31.00 was formed by other geologic processes. 00:09:31.10\00:09:34.50 If there is such a lack in physical evidence 00:09:34.60\00:09:37.17 for the overthrust being formed over long ages, 00:09:37.27\00:09:40.44 why do secular scientists continue to believe in it? 00:09:40.54\00:09:44.45 Finally, if one layer was pushed, then all of the layers 00:09:44.55\00:09:48.18 should show evidence of being pushed in the same direction. 00:09:48.28\00:09:51.62 But this evidence is absent. 00:09:51.72\00:09:53.89 It looks like only one layer was pushed, 00:09:53.99\00:09:57.29 because the fossils in the top layer 00:09:57.39\00:09:59.73 appear to be more simple than the fossils 00:09:59.83\00:10:02.03 in the bottom layer. 00:10:02.13\00:10:03.50 If evolution were true, then we should 00:10:03.60\00:10:05.40 find the opposite and more basic lifeforms on the bottom. 00:10:05.50\00:10:09.47 Secular scientists promote the idea 00:10:09.57\00:10:11.54 of an overthrust to explain why the fossils are out of order. 00:10:11.64\00:10:15.41 The overthrust becomes their magic bullet 00:10:15.51\00:10:18.18 to solve this dilemma. 00:10:18.28\00:10:19.88 But as we pointed out, there is no evidence 00:10:19.98\00:10:22.88 for an overthrust happening over millions of years. 00:10:22.98\00:10:26.32 So how do we solve this problem? 00:10:26.42\00:10:28.36 The Bible provides the answer to this dilemma. 00:10:28.46\00:10:30.93 The key to understanding how the rocks in Glacier were formed, 00:10:35.63\00:10:39.33 and much of the Rockies, is found in the composition 00:10:39.43\00:10:42.87 of their formations. 00:10:42.97\00:10:44.27 They're mostly sedimentary rocks, 00:10:44.37\00:10:46.64 which are formed by water and under water. 00:10:46.74\00:10:49.11 The lower layers are granite and metamorphic rocks, 00:10:49.21\00:10:52.38 which could possibly be the rocks of creation. 00:10:52.48\00:10:56.12 The Bible says that about 4,350 years ago, man 00:10:56.22\00:11:00.62 had come to a point where every thought of his mind was evil. 00:11:00.72\00:11:04.39 And God was sorry that he made man. 00:11:04.49\00:11:07.50 So He chose to destroy everything on the Earth 00:11:07.60\00:11:10.50 by water as a judgment against man's rebellion and sin. 00:11:10.60\00:11:14.74 But there was one righteous man, Noah, along with his family, 00:11:14.84\00:11:18.34 who God chose to save by warning him of the coming disaster 00:11:18.44\00:11:22.51 and that he must build an ark to be saved. 00:11:22.61\00:11:25.51 When the Flood came, it was catastrophic. 00:11:25.61\00:11:28.85 As promised, all life on earth was destroyed. 00:11:28.95\00:11:32.39 After 150 days, the water covered the entire Earth. 00:11:32.49\00:11:36.76 The Earth was going through tremendous geologic turmoil 00:11:36.86\00:11:40.03 below the surface of the water. 00:11:40.13\00:11:42.73 Giant tidal currents carried sand, silt, and mud 00:11:42.83\00:11:46.37 across the globe, laying down many layers of sediment, 00:11:46.47\00:11:50.34 in some places tens of thousands of feet thick. 00:11:50.44\00:11:54.68 As water currents changed because 00:11:54.78\00:11:56.68 of the geologic activity below, life forms 00:11:56.78\00:11:59.88 were being buried in massive graves 00:12:00.05\00:12:02.45 right within the soft sedimentary layers. 00:12:02.55\00:12:05.65 As the Flood reached its full height, 00:12:05.75\00:12:08.29 the Earth below began to rise in places 00:12:08.39\00:12:10.89 as rock layers were pushed up, developing 00:12:10.99\00:12:13.66 large mountains which changed the worldwide flood currents. 00:12:13.76\00:12:18.40 As mountains rose, the flood waters 00:12:18.50\00:12:20.40 began to fall away from the uplifting rock layers, 00:12:20.50\00:12:23.57 first flowing in sheets, eroding thousands 00:12:23.67\00:12:26.31 of feet of layers of soft sediment 00:12:26.41\00:12:28.21 and depositing them into new ocean basins 00:12:28.31\00:12:30.68 and elsewhere on the continents. 00:12:30.78\00:12:33.08 Because of this rise of the mountains on the continents, 00:12:33.18\00:12:35.98 entire layers of sediment miles wide 00:12:36.08\00:12:38.79 could also have began sliding downhill 00:12:38.89\00:12:41.29 by the simple force of gravity. 00:12:41.39\00:12:42.99 Back in the 1950s, secular scientists 00:12:45.73\00:12:48.36 proposed the idea of gravity slides to explain 00:12:48.46\00:12:51.37 these out of place layers. 00:12:51.47\00:12:53.30 But then in the 1960s, those scientists 00:12:53.40\00:12:56.24 changed to believe that slow plate tectonics caused 00:12:56.34\00:12:59.54 these features. 00:12:59.64\00:13:01.11 Because they like to believe in slow, gradual processes, 00:13:01.21\00:13:05.38 they choose to ignore the data which supported gravity slides. 00:13:05.48\00:13:09.95 But creation scientists have brought back 00:13:10.05\00:13:12.35 the idea of catastrophic gravity slides, or super faults, 00:13:12.45\00:13:15.89 to explain how these massive layers of rock 00:13:15.99\00:13:18.76 were put into place. 00:13:18.86\00:13:20.93 First of all, as we established, solid rock cannot easily be 00:13:21.00\00:13:25.03 pushed. 00:13:25.13\00:13:25.83 It breaks apart when moved. 00:13:25.93\00:13:27.80 In order for these layers to move and stay 00:13:27.90\00:13:30.37 together unbroken, they would have 00:13:30.47\00:13:32.81 to be relatively soft at the time they were moved. 00:13:32.91\00:13:36.68 There were only two times in history 00:13:36.78\00:13:38.95 where these layers could have been relatively soft-- 00:13:39.05\00:13:41.98 during the creation week and during the flood. 00:13:42.08\00:13:45.79 Since these layers in Glacier are upper layers, 00:13:45.89\00:13:48.49 they are from the time of the Flood. 00:13:48.59\00:13:50.69 During the Flood, water could have 00:13:50.79\00:13:52.36 been trapped under some of the sediment layers. 00:13:52.46\00:13:55.23 This water would have been under tremendous pressure. 00:13:55.33\00:13:58.40 Studies have shown that if a sediment layer is tilted 00:13:58.50\00:14:01.47 at least two degrees and there is 00:14:01.57\00:14:03.91 water under high pressure underneath this layer, 00:14:04.01\00:14:06.84 the layer will begin to slide downhill due to gravity. 00:14:06.94\00:14:11.08 The process of compressed water making heavy objects slide 00:14:11.18\00:14:14.55 is similar to water boarding at the beach. 00:14:14.65\00:14:18.02 Water boarding is taking a thin board, 00:14:18.12\00:14:20.22 throwing it across a thin sheet of water, 00:14:20.32\00:14:22.79 then running and sliding on top of it. 00:14:22.89\00:14:25.63 If you tried water boarding on dry sand, 00:14:25.73\00:14:28.10 it would be disastrous. 00:14:28.20\00:14:30.90 But when a thin layer of water is 00:14:31.00\00:14:32.80 put between the board and the sand with the pressure of you 00:14:32.90\00:14:35.77 on top, you can glide for many feet. 00:14:35.87\00:14:39.57 When the mountains were rising at the end stages of the Flood, 00:14:39.67\00:14:43.18 layers of sediment would have glided across the landscape 00:14:43.28\00:14:46.18 in a similar way. 00:14:46.28\00:14:47.62 After the layers stopped sliding and settled down, 00:14:47.72\00:14:50.52 the rock layers further hardened. 00:14:50.62\00:14:53.22 This program is brought to you by 00:14:53.72\00:14:56.36 An organization committed to producing high quality 00:14:57.96\00:15:01.16 science-focused television content 00:15:01.16\00:15:03.37 all from a Biblical worldview. 00:15:03.37\00:15:05.53 Awesome Science is our kids series hosted by Noah Justice 00:15:05.53\00:15:09.50 In every episode, Noah visits the national parks 00:15:09.50\00:15:12.44 and historical sites to help you understand 00:15:12.44\00:15:15.24 earth's history using a Biblical worldview. 00:15:15.24\00:15:18.41 Find us online to watch 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What we've seen here at Glacier so far 00:15:45.67\00:15:48.04 is how the layers are amazing and what the Flood did here. 00:15:48.14\00:15:51.61 But what this national park is really known for 00:15:51.71\00:15:54.55 is how the Ice Age left its mark in these valleys. 00:15:54.65\00:15:58.89 Evidence for the Ice Age was discovered in the mid 1800s. 00:15:58.99\00:16:03.09 What scientists observed were large U-shaped valleys 00:16:03.19\00:16:06.93 and moraines. 00:16:07.03\00:16:08.63 When secular scientists first discovered evidence 00:16:08.86\00:16:11.30 for an ice age, it didn't fit their uniformitarian view, 00:16:11.40\00:16:15.10 because uniformitarianism says that the processes we see today 00:16:15.20\00:16:19.71 are the ones that happened in the past. 00:16:19.81\00:16:22.04 And we don't see ice ages forming today, do we? 00:16:22.14\00:16:25.91 These scientists observed evidence 00:16:26.01\00:16:27.78 for at least one ice age, but had no idea how quickly 00:16:27.88\00:16:31.19 it formed or melted. 00:16:31.29\00:16:33.32 Because they believe in long ages, 00:16:33.42\00:16:35.69 they guessed an ice age would last 100,000 years. 00:16:35.79\00:16:39.39 And just one ice age didn't seem reasonable. 00:16:39.49\00:16:42.46 They then discovered supposed evidence 00:16:42.56\00:16:45.00 in the moraines and ocean sediments 00:16:45.10\00:16:47.17 for many ice ages spanning over two million years. 00:16:47.27\00:16:51.81 They claim that we have seen at least four major ice ages. 00:16:51.91\00:16:56.11 And some scientists even suggest our distant past included ice 00:16:56.21\00:17:00.75 everywhere, calling it Snowball Earth. 00:17:00.85\00:17:04.22 Secular scientists say that the last ice age occurred around 00:17:04.32\00:17:07.76 10,000 years ago. 00:17:07.86\00:17:09.09 But what does the evidence really show? 00:17:09.19\00:17:11.19 They also say that we're due for another ice age soon, 00:17:11.29\00:17:14.46 but they really don't have a clue about how 00:17:14.56\00:17:16.43 it develops in the first place. 00:17:16.53\00:17:18.53 So what elements do you need for an ice age? 00:17:18.63\00:17:21.97 The primary elements you need are abundant moisture, 00:17:22.07\00:17:25.17 mild winters, and cool summers. 00:17:25.27\00:17:27.74 Let's take a look at each one of these. 00:17:27.84\00:17:30.35 Abundant moisture usually comes from our oceans, 00:17:30.45\00:17:33.48 especially warm oceans. 00:17:33.58\00:17:36.05 Most of our large storms and hurricanes 00:17:36.15\00:17:38.49 come from the equatorial regions, 00:17:38.59\00:17:40.46 where the water is extremely warm. 00:17:40.56\00:17:43.46 But to develop the vast amounts of moisture 00:17:43.56\00:17:46.09 to create an ice age would require much warmer oceans 00:17:46.19\00:17:49.90 worldwide. 00:17:50.00\00:17:51.53 Next, you need mild winters. 00:17:51.63\00:17:53.70 If winters are too cold, the air cannot hold moisture. 00:17:53.80\00:17:57.24 And therefore, it can't snow. 00:17:57.34\00:17:59.21 We see this in the Arctic, where temperatures 00:17:59.31\00:18:01.68 get into the subzero level and snow fall is absent. 00:18:01.78\00:18:05.35 When we say mild winters, we're not 00:18:05.45\00:18:07.88 saying winters above freezing, just winters about 20 00:18:07.98\00:18:11.35 or 30 degrees below freezing. 00:18:11.45\00:18:14.52 Finally, you need cool summers. 00:18:14.62\00:18:17.56 How do you get that? 00:18:17.66\00:18:19.36 The answer might surprise you. 00:18:19.46\00:18:21.66 Mechanisms such as volcanoes can put ash and aerosols 00:18:21.76\00:18:25.67 into the atmosphere and cause global cooling 00:18:25.77\00:18:28.30 for short periods of time. 00:18:28.40\00:18:31.04 This cooling usually lasts just a couple 00:18:31.14\00:18:33.84 of years from one major event. 00:18:33.94\00:18:36.61 For instance, Mount Pinatubo's massive eruption in 1991 00:18:36.71\00:18:41.18 caused the Earth's average temperature to drop by a degree 00:18:41.28\00:18:44.25 or two for many months. 00:18:44.35\00:18:46.42 If several large eruptions happened simultaneously 00:18:46.52\00:18:49.86 around the Earth, the effect would be much greater. 00:18:49.96\00:18:54.13 But to create consistently cool summers worldwide, 00:18:54.23\00:18:57.57 you would need large volcanic activity for several decades. 00:18:57.67\00:19:02.34 There is evidence to support this idea, 00:19:02.44\00:19:04.41 because we find signs of global volcanic activity 00:19:04.51\00:19:07.58 in the Earth's recent past. 00:19:07.68\00:19:09.91 This evidence includes many extinct super volcanoes, 00:19:10.01\00:19:13.75 huge ash beds, and gigantic lava flows 00:19:13.85\00:19:17.25 found throughout the world. 00:19:17.35\00:19:19.29 As Bible believing creationists, we 00:19:19.39\00:19:21.52 have a good answer for how the Ice Age formed. 00:19:21.62\00:19:25.03 During the global flood, the Earth 00:19:25.13\00:19:27.00 was going through catastrophic global changes. 00:19:27.10\00:19:30.50 At the beginning of the flood, the Bible 00:19:30.60\00:19:32.47 says the fountains of the great deep burst forth. 00:19:32.57\00:19:35.90 This included warm subterranean water 00:19:36.00\00:19:38.34 from within the Earth's crust, which 00:19:38.44\00:19:40.51 was ejected onto the surface. 00:19:40.61\00:19:43.75 In addition, the fountains of the great deep 00:19:43.85\00:19:46.15 included molten lava. 00:19:46.25\00:19:48.25 Although the Bible does not speak of them specifically, 00:19:48.35\00:19:51.12 some creation scientists have found evidence 00:19:51.22\00:19:53.76 that the Flood could have involved meteorites entering 00:19:53.86\00:19:56.46 the Earth's atmosphere. 00:19:56.56\00:19:57.83 These events would have added heat to the Earth's waters. 00:19:57.93\00:20:01.43 Finally, large-scale catastrophic tectonic activity 00:20:01.53\00:20:05.10 would have caused friction. 00:20:05.20\00:20:07.17 The water on top of the tectonic plates 00:20:07.27\00:20:09.30 would have heated up dramatically 00:20:09.40\00:20:10.91 as the plates were subducted rapidly. 00:20:11.01\00:20:13.64 All of these processes would have warmed the flood waters 00:20:13.74\00:20:16.64 to a very high temperature by the end of the flood. 00:20:16.75\00:20:20.18 Sea floor sediments indicate the waters 00:20:20.28\00:20:22.58 were much warmer in the past around the entire Earth. 00:20:22.68\00:20:26.86 Estimates for ocean temperatures worldwide 00:20:26.96\00:20:29.39 could have risen to at least 90 degrees Fahrenheit 00:20:29.49\00:20:32.19 or even higher. 00:20:32.29\00:20:34.00 These warm waters would have existed worldwide for hundreds 00:20:34.10\00:20:37.87 of years after the flood. 00:20:37.97\00:20:40.40 These conditions would have caused tremendous evaporation, 00:20:40.50\00:20:43.57 resulting in very large precipitation near the shores 00:20:43.67\00:20:46.61 and snowstorms in the higher latitudes. 00:20:46.71\00:20:48.98 With mild winters and cool summers after the Flood, 00:20:49.24\00:20:52.31 the snow would have accumulated quickly in the mountains 00:20:52.41\00:20:55.12 and not melted off. 00:20:55.22\00:20:57.19 This snow and ice would have eventually filled the valleys 00:20:57.29\00:21:00.32 and created large ice sheets over the northern and southern 00:21:00.42\00:21:03.46 continents. 00:21:03.56\00:21:05.16 Some estimates from creation scientists 00:21:05.26\00:21:07.50 are that huge ice sheets could have accumulated 00:21:07.60\00:21:09.90 in 200 to 300 years, starting within decades after the Flood. 00:21:10.00\00:21:14.70 But some say it takes tens of thousands of years 00:21:14.80\00:21:17.47 to build up ice sheets that thick. 00:21:17.57\00:21:19.84 Think again. 00:21:19.94\00:21:21.74 During World War II, a squadron of six P-38s and two B-17 00:21:21.84\00:21:26.55 bombers had to crash land on top of Greenland's ice sheets. 00:21:26.65\00:21:30.59 None of the crew was lost, and they were all 00:21:30.69\00:21:33.15 rescued and returned safely home after spending several days 00:21:33.25\00:21:36.73 on the desolate ice. 00:21:36.83\00:21:39.49 In the 1980s, a team of ambitious historians 00:21:39.59\00:21:42.50 decided to go back and find these planes 00:21:42.60\00:21:45.00 and bring them home. 00:21:45.10\00:21:46.70 They assumed the job would be fairly easy, 00:21:46.80\00:21:49.17 because they made the assumption that ice does not 00:21:49.27\00:21:51.61 accumulate quickly. 00:21:51.71\00:21:53.11 They were wrong. 00:21:53.21\00:21:54.44 This assumption was made because secular scientists tell us 00:21:54.54\00:21:57.85 it takes thousands or even millions of years 00:21:57.95\00:22:00.68 to develop an ice sheet. 00:22:00.78\00:22:02.28 After several failed attempts at finding 00:22:02.28\00:22:04.35 the planes near the surface, they eventually 00:22:04.45\00:22:06.96 located them much further down. 00:22:07.06\00:22:09.36 In fact, they were buried under 250 feet of ice. 00:22:09.46\00:22:13.86 This is just one example showing that it doesn't 00:22:13.86\00:22:16.63 take long ages to build up an ice pack, just 00:22:16.73\00:22:19.87 the right conditions. 00:22:19.97\00:22:21.47 With the meteorological conditions right 00:22:21.57\00:22:23.94 after the Flood, building the Ice Age 00:22:24.04\00:22:26.21 quickly was not a problem. 00:22:26.31\00:22:27.78 God loves us. 00:22:28.38\00:22:29.61 And He is in control of all living things. 00:22:29.71\00:22:33.05 We need to be aware that there are other spiritual forces 00:22:33.15\00:22:36.22 at work which are using the global warming 00:22:36.32\00:22:38.42 debate as a means to push their own agenda, which does not 00:22:38.52\00:22:41.96 include honoring God or His word. 00:22:42.06\00:22:45.29 We know the future of our world. 00:22:45.39\00:22:47.66 It will be destroyed by fire in God's final judgment 00:22:47.76\00:22:50.83 against man. 00:22:50.93\00:22:52.00 And there is nothing we can do to stop it. 00:22:52.10\00:22:55.64 But God has provided a way out of His judgement. 00:22:55.74\00:22:58.71 He loves man and desires to have a relationship with him. 00:22:58.81\00:23:02.14 But we are sinful creatures and cannot fellowship with God, 00:23:02.24\00:23:05.68 because He is holy and we are not. 00:23:05.78\00:23:09.25 Our sin and rebellion against God 00:23:09.35\00:23:11.52 deserves the penalty of death, yet God made a way for us 00:23:11.62\00:23:15.96 to escape the judgement by sending 00:23:16.06\00:23:17.69 His own Son, Jesus Christ. 00:23:17.79\00:23:20.50 Because Jesus is God's Son, He is perfect without sin. 00:23:20.60\00:23:25.20 He died in our place, taking the punishment for mankind's sin. 00:23:25.30\00:23:29.47 Only by repenting of our sin and believing 00:23:29.57\00:23:31.97 in this gift of salvation through what 00:23:32.07\00:23:33.98 Jesus did for us on the cross will 00:23:34.08\00:23:36.38 we be able to escape His judgement 00:23:36.48\00:23:38.41 and enter into fellowship with God forever. 00:23:38.51\00:23:41.45 We encourage you to repent of your sin 00:23:41.55\00:23:43.92 and come to salvation today, before God's final judgment 00:23:44.02\00:23:47.62 comes. 00:23:47.72\00:23:48.12 Glacier is a great place to see the evidence for a global flood 00:23:51.53\00:23:55.36 in the massive layers that have been exposed in the park. 00:23:55.46\00:23:58.93 We also see how the overthrusts show 00:23:59.03\00:24:01.44 incredible geologic activity during the Flood. 00:24:01.54\00:24:05.01 We've also seen how the Flood provided the right conditions 00:24:05.11\00:24:08.24 to start and maintain the Ice Age. 00:24:08.34\00:24:11.01 Because the one and only Flood provided the right conditions 00:24:11.25\00:24:15.08 for the Ice Age, the prediction of another ice age 00:24:15.18\00:24:18.02 is just blind speculation. 00:24:18.12\00:24:20.62 We can trust in God's word to help us interpret the past 00:24:20.72\00:24:24.43 and to use it as a guide to Earth's history. 00:24:24.53\00:24:28.06 When we use God's word, things begin to make sense 00:24:28.16\00:24:31.27 about what we find in nature. 00:24:31.37\00:24:34.54 Awesome Science is a video series produced by 00:24:35.64\00:24:38.61 Awesome Science Media produces many other great shows, 00:24:40.31\00:24:43.98 Ark Animals 00:24:51.92\00:24:53.15 We broadcast our episodes throughout the world 00:24:57.33\00:25:00.16 on television networks, TV stations, and online platforms. 00:25:00.16\00:25:04.93 We're making a difference by challenging the deceptive 00:25:04.93\00:25:08.37 evolutionary worldview, which directly opposes the Word of God 00:25:08.47\00:25:12.87 Our mission is to provide youth with a firm foundation 00:25:12.87\00:25:16.44 based on solid scientific evidence that supports their 00:25:16.44\00:25:19.81 Biblical worldview. We also want to encourage youth 00:25:19.81\00:25:23.55 to pursue the Truth, and maybe even make a career from their 00:25:23.55\00:25:27.19 interest in science and the Bible. 00:25:27.19\00:25:29.42 Thank you for watcing our shows. 00:25:29.42\00:25:31.83 Please keep up with us as we continue to build new content 00:25:31.83\00:25:35.13 which builds up your faith in the Word of God. 00:25:35.13\00:25:38.23 Thank you for watching this episode of "Awesome Science." 00:25:39.43\00:25:41.77 And remember, science, it's awesome. 00:25:41.87\00:25:45.41