And comes from the DVD series, "Awesome Science" 00:00:04.33\00:00:08.54 [music playing] 00:00:09.50\00:00:10.74 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): One of the most amazing places 00:00:10.84\00:00:12.57 on earth is Yellowstone National Park. 00:00:12.67\00:00:16.18 With beautiful mineral pools and hot geysers, 00:00:16.28\00:00:18.98 this place is full of mystery. 00:00:19.08\00:00:22.12 Early trappers thought that this was the entrance 00:00:22.22\00:00:24.62 to hell itself, and came back with unbelievable stories 00:00:24.72\00:00:28.32 of this amazing landscape. 00:00:28.42\00:00:30.86 More explorers came, and it was so impressive 00:00:30.96\00:00:33.73 that a movement began to save this national treasure 00:00:33.83\00:00:36.73 for the people. 00:00:36.83\00:00:38.07 And in 1872, it became America's first national park. 00:00:38.17\00:00:43.24 Most of the signs in the park approach its history 00:00:43.34\00:00:46.21 from an evolutionary perspective, meaning 00:00:46.31\00:00:48.74 millions of years, and based on the religion 00:00:48.84\00:00:51.35 of secular humanism. 00:00:51.45\00:00:53.58 But a closer look at the evidence 00:00:53.68\00:00:55.02 reveals consistencies of short ages and large catastrophes. 00:00:55.12\00:00:59.55 The Biblical record best explains 00:00:59.65\00:01:01.66 what we see at Yellowstone. 00:01:01.76\00:01:03.39 All this and more, next, on "Awesome Science." 00:01:03.49\00:01:07.00 [music playing] 00:01:07.10\00:01:11.77 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): "Awesome Science" takes you 00:01:11.87\00:01:13.97 on a field trip to some of the most amazing geologic 00:01:14.07\00:01:17.44 and historical sites around the world, 00:01:17.54\00:01:20.01 where we used the Bible as our history guidebook 00:01:20.11\00:01:22.58 to interpret what we see-- that the Bible can be trusted, 00:01:22.68\00:01:26.58 and empirical science falls in line 00:01:26.68\00:01:28.42 with the Biblical account of Creation, 00:01:28.52\00:01:30.45 the Fall, and the Flood. 00:01:30.55\00:01:33.39 Science-- it's awesome. 00:01:33.49\00:01:34.99 [music playing] 00:01:35.09\00:01:41.33 When you think of Yellowstone National Park, 00:02:00.22\00:02:02.52 most people usually remember the geysers and mud pots. 00:02:02.62\00:02:06.09 But there is so much more to see. 00:02:06.19\00:02:08.42 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): It covers 00:02:08.52\00:02:09.89 over 2 million acres in three states across its boundaries. 00:02:09.99\00:02:15.23 Yellowstone contains one of the world's largest supervolcanoes. 00:02:15.33\00:02:20.14 The last of the three gigantic eruptions was hundreds of times 00:02:20.24\00:02:23.67 greater than that of Mount St. Helens, 00:02:23.77\00:02:25.64 and the first eruption was thought 00:02:25.74\00:02:27.21 to have been 2000 times that of Mount St. Helens. 00:02:27.31\00:02:31.98 The Bible tells us that at the beginning 00:02:32.08\00:02:33.88 of the worldwide Flood, the fountains 00:02:33.98\00:02:35.65 of the great deep burst forth. 00:02:35.75\00:02:38.89 During the Flood, and right after, 00:02:38.99\00:02:41.16 the Earth was going through tremendous geologic changes 00:02:41.26\00:02:44.63 because of the moving of Earth's outer plates. 00:02:44.73\00:02:48.33 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): Volcanoes 00:02:48.43\00:02:49.76 were still active, including this caldera, shaping 00:02:49.86\00:02:53.97 the land after the Flood. 00:02:54.07\00:02:55.37 We can see other supervolcanoes around the world. 00:02:58.07\00:03:01.21 They can be seen on almost every continent. 00:03:01.31\00:03:04.48 Ones we know of reside in California, New Mexico, 00:03:04.58\00:03:07.92 Indonesia, New Zealand, and Japan. 00:03:08.02\00:03:11.75 [whoosh] 00:03:11.85\00:03:12.75 [hum] 00:03:12.85\00:03:14.76 [zap] 00:03:14.86\00:03:16.26 The park has two main access routeS-- a south circle 00:03:16.36\00:03:20.53 and a north circle, each passed by rather interesting features. 00:03:20.63\00:03:26.27 Besides the sedimentary and basement rocks, 00:03:26.37\00:03:28.77 there are two other types of rocks 00:03:28.87\00:03:30.44 in the park-- volcanic rhyolite, which is hardened lava, 00:03:30.54\00:03:34.34 and tuft, which is cemented volcanic ash. 00:03:34.44\00:03:37.38 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): After passing the park entrances, 00:03:37.48\00:03:39.85 you'll eventually come into the Yellowstone Caldera. 00:03:39.95\00:03:43.52 It has been filled mostly with volcanic tuft. 00:03:43.62\00:03:46.45 Much of the rim has been breached, or covered 00:03:46.55\00:03:48.72 with volcanic products. 00:03:48.82\00:03:50.86 Remember, this is an active volcano with a lava chamber 00:03:50.96\00:03:54.63 just several miles beneath the surface. 00:03:54.73\00:03:56.90 There is no immediate danger, but it 00:03:57.00\00:03:59.07 is a reminder of the volcanic activity 00:03:59.17\00:04:00.97 that we've seen from the past and activity 00:04:01.07\00:04:03.77 that we expect in the future. 00:04:03.87\00:04:05.41 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): Throughout the park, 00:04:05.51\00:04:07.31 there is evidence of the Yellowstone fire 00:04:07.41\00:04:09.71 which happened in the summer of 1988. 00:04:09.81\00:04:12.78 It burned almost a third of all the trees in the park. 00:04:12.88\00:04:17.19 Many of the larger animals were able to escape and return 00:04:17.29\00:04:20.22 later. 00:04:20.32\00:04:21.52 Because of our Creator's design, 00:04:21.62\00:04:23.49 even in a sin-cursed world, the forest is coming back quickly. 00:04:23.59\00:04:27.66 [whoosh] 00:04:27.76\00:04:30.03 In order for us to better understand 00:04:30.13\00:04:31.63 the geology at Yellowstone, we need 00:04:31.73\00:04:33.54 to take a look at the "geologic" column. 00:04:33.64\00:04:36.87 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): The traditional belief 00:04:36.97\00:04:38.87 from secular scientists is that the geologic column represents 00:04:38.97\00:04:42.28 long ages of time, billions of years, 00:04:42.38\00:04:46.41 starting with the Precambrian and ending in the Cenozoic, 00:04:46.51\00:04:50.89 being laid down slowly and gradually, 00:04:50.99\00:04:53.32 without a global catastrophe. 00:04:53.42\00:04:55.02 [music playing] 00:04:55.12\00:04:57.76 This sequence is never complete in any one location, 00:04:57.86\00:05:02.43 so secular scientists have to combine locations to get 00:05:02.53\00:05:05.43 their full view of the column. 00:05:05.53\00:05:08.00 Using the Bible as our history guidebook, 00:05:08.10\00:05:09.94 the earth is only about 6,000 years in age, 00:05:10.04\00:05:12.67 according to the genealogies. 00:05:12.77\00:05:14.81 Since many of the layers are sedimentary, 00:05:14.91\00:05:17.25 the Flood was the catastrophic historical event 00:05:17.35\00:05:20.12 that was the mechanism for quickly laying down each layer. 00:05:20.22\00:05:24.32 The fossils we find in each layer 00:05:24.42\00:05:26.12 were mostly buried over the year of the Flood. 00:05:26.22\00:05:29.09 Many Precambrian rocks are those created 00:05:29.19\00:05:31.53 during the Week of Creation, mostly on day three. 00:05:31.63\00:05:35.76 There were likely forces acting upon them during the Flood, 00:05:35.86\00:05:39.27 with the raising and lowering of the mountains and valleys 00:05:39.37\00:05:42.20 to cause some changes. 00:05:42.30\00:05:44.11 But largely, they were the rocks made during Creation Week. 00:05:44.21\00:05:49.28 Since there were about 1,600 years before the Flood, 00:05:49.38\00:05:52.35 we do see some evidence of erosion 00:05:52.45\00:05:54.65 and some sediment layers. 00:05:54.75\00:05:56.52 But there are very few fossils because the Flood, 00:05:56.62\00:05:58.99 the prime mechanism for fossilization, 00:05:59.09\00:06:01.19 had not yet come. 00:06:01.29\00:06:03.69 Secular scientists say that these early layers do not 00:06:03.79\00:06:06.33 have fossils because life was too "simple" at the beginning, 00:06:06.43\00:06:10.00 and only microbes had evolved. 00:06:10.10\00:06:12.40 But the Biblical explanation is much stronger, 00:06:12.50\00:06:15.07 for several reasons. 00:06:15.17\00:06:16.74 First of all these "simple" life forms are not simple at all. 00:06:16.84\00:06:20.61 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): And further, 00:06:20.71\00:06:22.21 the conditions necessary for fossilization 00:06:22.31\00:06:24.61 didn't occur until the Flood came. 00:06:24.71\00:06:28.42 The Paleozoic layers start with the fossils 00:06:28.52\00:06:30.49 of sea-floor creatures, which would have been buried first 00:06:30.59\00:06:33.29 with the onset of the Flood. 00:06:33.39\00:06:35.69 This makes sense because the Flood 00:06:35.79\00:06:37.46 started with the fountains of the great deep breaking open. 00:06:37.56\00:06:41.96 In layers above are fish fossils, 00:06:42.06\00:06:44.03 because they were the next to die. 00:06:44.13\00:06:46.84 We then find land-plant fossils and coal. 00:06:46.94\00:06:51.44 When the Flood moved inland, it wiped out 00:06:51.54\00:06:53.48 most of the vegetation. 00:06:53.58\00:06:56.31 Land animals would have escaped to higher ground, 00:06:56.41\00:06:58.48 or, by virtue of being on higher ground, 00:06:58.58\00:07:00.78 would have had a higher burial in the fossil layers. 00:07:00.88\00:07:02.98 The Mesozoic rock layers contains more coal 00:07:05.75\00:07:08.62 and reptiles. 00:07:08.72\00:07:11.13 As the trees were uprooted, these surely formed 00:07:11.23\00:07:13.93 into some of the large, floating log 00:07:14.00\00:07:15.73 mats similar to what we have seen at Mount St. Helens' 00:07:15.83\00:07:18.53 Spirit Lake after the eruption. 00:07:18.63\00:07:21.64 When the loosened logs rubbed together, 00:07:21.74\00:07:23.41 floating on top of the flood waters, 00:07:23.51\00:07:25.17 their bark came off and sank to the bottom of the sea floor, 00:07:25.27\00:07:28.08 causing large deposits of peat which 00:07:28.18\00:07:30.11 eventually turned into coal when buried by other sediments. 00:07:30.21\00:07:34.25 Large reptiles could no longer survive. 00:07:34.35\00:07:37.09 Their bodies may have floated on top of the water for a while, 00:07:37.19\00:07:40.92 but eventually their weight and mass 00:07:41.02\00:07:42.66 carried them to the ocean floor, where they were quickly 00:07:42.76\00:07:45.83 buried by other sediments. 00:07:45.93\00:07:49.20 The natural sorting power of flowing water 00:07:49.30\00:07:51.60 may have also contributed to distributing plants and animals 00:07:51.70\00:07:54.90 in sedimentary layers through buoyancy and other factors. 00:07:55.00\00:08:00.08 Fossilization of plants and animals happens quickly. 00:08:00.18\00:08:03.45 It does not take long periods of time. 00:08:03.55\00:08:05.91 You don't find any dead carcasses on the sea floor 00:08:06.01\00:08:08.42 today. 00:08:08.52\00:08:09.85 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): Dead animals 00:08:09.95\00:08:11.45 on the ocean floor are quickly consumed by scavengers, 00:08:11.55\00:08:14.29 and their bones decay away. 00:08:14.39\00:08:17.33 The same is true on land. 00:08:17.43\00:08:20.23 It is suspected that mammals survived the longest. 00:08:20.33\00:08:23.47 Many of them could have survived a bit longer on higher ground, 00:08:23.57\00:08:26.57 or on the floating log mats. 00:08:26.67\00:08:30.24 Many mammals also float when dead, preventing them 00:08:30.34\00:08:33.34 from being rapidly buried by sediment and fossilized. 00:08:33.44\00:08:37.08 The Cenozoic contains the last layers, 00:08:39.88\00:08:42.75 which may have marked the end stages of the Flood, 00:08:42.85\00:08:45.92 and the short time thereafter when there were 00:08:46.02\00:08:48.06 continuing local catastrophes. 00:08:48.16\00:08:50.99 Most layers have a better explanation 00:08:51.09\00:08:53.46 when viewed in the light of a Biblical worldview. 00:08:53.56\00:08:55.70 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): Since there is not 00:08:55.80\00:08:57.53 a full sequence of the column in any one location, 00:08:57.63\00:09:01.14 this is consistent with the Flood account, 00:09:01.24\00:09:03.00 because water in currents will carry sand, silt, 00:09:03.10\00:09:05.94 and mud to different places around the earth. 00:09:06.04\00:09:10.15 It's Flood action, not billions of years. 00:09:10.25\00:09:13.11 [whoosh] 00:09:13.21\00:09:14.05 [hum] 00:09:14.15\00:09:15.98 [zap] 00:09:16.08\00:09:16.95 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): On the northwest side 00:09:18.25\00:09:19.49 of the southern loop is a prized collection of geysers. 00:09:19.59\00:09:24.03 It's a great place to get out and tour the hot springs. 00:09:24.13\00:09:28.30 Yellowstone hosts 2/3 of all the known geysers in the world. 00:09:28.40\00:09:33.30 The close proximity of these geysers 00:09:33.40\00:09:35.40 is because of the large magma chamber a few miles 00:09:35.50\00:09:38.41 below the surface. 00:09:38.51\00:09:40.91 The highest geyser in the world resides here-- 00:09:41.01\00:09:43.85 Steamboat Geyser. 00:09:43.95\00:09:45.65 It can erupt up to 300 feet high, 00:09:45.75\00:09:48.42 but eruptions are rare and unpredictable. 00:09:48.52\00:09:51.12 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): A geyser source is melted 00:09:51.22\00:09:53.25 snow and rain, which eventually moves 00:09:53.36\00:09:55.46 through the porous volcanic rock. 00:09:55.56\00:09:57.76 The water mixes with saline brine and heat 00:09:57.86\00:10:00.36 from the shallow magma. 00:10:00.46\00:10:02.46 The water rises well above the boiling point, 00:10:02.56\00:10:04.77 but remains in a liquid state due to the pressure and weight 00:10:04.87\00:10:07.97 of overlying water and rocks. 00:10:08.07\00:10:11.74 The water can exceed 400 degrees. 00:10:11.84\00:10:15.91 The silica in the water creates seals in the fissures, 00:10:16.01\00:10:18.85 and a plumbing system develops. 00:10:18.95\00:10:20.32 When the pressure is sufficient, it forces the water up 00:10:23.55\00:10:26.15 to the surface and a geyser results. 00:10:26.25\00:10:30.06 There are a variety of minerals and species 00:10:30.16\00:10:32.49 of algae in the hot pools. 00:10:32.59\00:10:34.56 Microbes grow at different acidities. 00:10:34.66\00:10:36.90 A pool's color can be used to determine its acidity. 00:10:37.00\00:10:39.90 Green is more acidic, and orange is more alkali. 00:10:40.00\00:10:43.20 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): The organisms and enzymes 00:10:43.30\00:10:45.34 can survive sulphur emissions similar to microbes 00:10:45.44\00:10:48.51 living near thermal vents on the bottom of the ocean. 00:10:48.61\00:10:51.85 Secular scientists suggest that if you look into the hot pools, 00:10:51.95\00:10:55.82 you can imagine life as it began, billions of years ago. 00:10:55.92\00:10:59.45 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): In reality, 00:10:59.55\00:11:01.06 these heat-loving microbes are not 00:11:01.16\00:11:02.89 simple or primitive, but extremely complex 00:11:02.99\00:11:05.59 in their structure and biochemistry. 00:11:05.69\00:11:08.06 They require an intelligent designer, the Creator God 00:11:08.16\00:11:11.63 of the universe. 00:11:11.73\00:11:12.87 Evolved over billions of years? 00:11:12.97\00:11:15.17 Not a chance. 00:11:15.27\00:11:16.60 [whoosh] 00:11:16.71\00:11:17.97 [hum] 00:11:18.07\00:11:19.77 [zap] 00:11:19.87\00:11:21.14 Some of the hottest geothermal features here in Yellowstone 00:11:21.24\00:11:24.01 are fumaroles. 00:11:24.11\00:11:25.21 Behind me here is Roaring Mountain. 00:11:25.31\00:11:27.48 Any water that comes up close to the surface 00:11:27.58\00:11:30.02 immediately gets flashed into steam. 00:11:30.12\00:11:32.52 [music playing] 00:11:32.62\00:11:35.86 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): The Yellowstone River 00:11:35.96\00:11:37.83 runs through the park with its source from Yellowstone Lake. 00:11:37.93\00:11:40.56 The river has cut through volcanic rhyolite 00:11:43.23\00:11:45.73 and soft tuft, leaving a stained pastel colored 00:11:45.83\00:11:48.74 by the hot springs and fumaroles. 00:11:48.84\00:11:52.67 The river cuts through Hayden Valley, 00:11:52.77\00:11:54.68 where many buffalo roam. 00:11:54.78\00:11:57.45 There were once millions of buffalo 00:11:57.55\00:11:59.55 that roamed the plains and mountains of North America. 00:11:59.65\00:12:02.68 They were killed off, mostly by hunting. 00:12:02.78\00:12:05.09 But now a strong herd exists in Yellowstone year-round. 00:12:05.19\00:12:09.36 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): Hayden Valley 00:12:09.46\00:12:10.96 is thought to have been covered up by 200 feet of water 00:12:11.06\00:12:13.80 when Yellowstone Lake extended through this valley 00:12:13.90\00:12:16.33 after the retreat of the glaciers 00:12:16.43\00:12:17.90 at the end of the ice age. 00:12:18.00\00:12:19.17 Very little grows here, because it 00:12:21.84\00:12:23.34 was a lake bed where glacial clay lines the valley floor. 00:12:23.44\00:12:26.61 Trees across the river mark the former shoreline of the lake. 00:12:30.45\00:12:35.82 This area in the park is called the Grand Canyon 00:12:35.92\00:12:38.95 of Yellowstone. 00:12:39.05\00:12:41.92 It was cut by the Yellowstone River through basalt and ash, 00:12:42.02\00:12:45.59 and is one of the most well-recognized 00:12:45.69\00:12:47.50 geologic features of the park. 00:12:47.60\00:12:50.60 Secular geologists thought that the carving of this canyon 00:12:50.70\00:12:53.77 took tens of thousands of years. 00:12:53.87\00:12:55.97 But evidence is beginning to emerge that an upstream ice 00:12:56.07\00:12:59.41 dam may have failed, carving out this canyon 00:12:59.51\00:13:02.58 in a very short time-- maybe even as little as a day. 00:13:02.68\00:13:06.78 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): The rock in the canyon is soft, 00:13:06.88\00:13:09.15 so it would have been quite easily cut 00:13:09.25\00:13:10.85 by fast-moving water. 00:13:10.95\00:13:13.99 There is similar evidence like this 00:13:14.09\00:13:16.02 in Eastern Washington, with the Missoula flood, 00:13:16.12\00:13:19.69 at Mount St. Helens, as well as the Grand Canyon in Arizona. 00:13:19.79\00:13:25.63 The steepness of the canyon walls 00:13:25.73\00:13:27.30 help us realize that there has been 00:13:27.40\00:13:28.77 a recent cutting of the canyon. 00:13:28.87\00:13:31.47 Based on the current rate of erosion, long periods of time 00:13:31.57\00:13:34.61 would have eroded the canyon much more than it is now, 00:13:34.71\00:13:37.68 and the canyon walls would have been much more gradual 00:13:37.78\00:13:40.15 in their slope. 00:13:40.25\00:13:42.62 We know that this is not formed by glaciation because it 00:13:42.72\00:13:45.79 does not exhibit u-shaped features like Yosemite National 00:13:45.89\00:13:49.32 Park. 00:13:49.42\00:13:49.82 A large glacier, as it moves and cuts the valley underneath it, 00:13:52.83\00:13:55.96 will shape the valley with rounded corners at the bottom. 00:13:56.06\00:14:00.14 When the ice retreats, the valley has a u-shaped bottom. 00:14:00.24\00:14:03.00 A valley cut by a river tends to have a v-shaped valley 00:14:05.94\00:14:08.88 with steep sides. 00:14:08.98\00:14:11.31 Understanding that this canyon has not 00:14:11.41\00:14:13.45 been affected by glaciation helps 00:14:13.55\00:14:15.65 us conclude that it was formed quite recently, after the ice 00:14:15.75\00:14:18.89 age, only a few thousand years ago. 00:14:18.99\00:14:20.96 This program is brought to you by 00:14:22.19\00:14:24.83 An organization committed to producing high quality 00:14:26.43\00:14:29.56 science-focused television content 00:14:29.56\00:14:31.77 all from a Biblical worldview. 00:14:31.77\00:14:33.94 Awesome Science is our kids series hosted by Noah Justice 00:14:33.94\00:14:37.91 In every episode, Noah visits the national parks 00:14:37.91\00:14:40.84 and historical sites to help you understand 00:14:40.84\00:14:43.65 earth's history using a Biblical worldview. 00:14:43.65\00:14:46.82 Find us online to watch all of our shows, 00:14:46.82\00:14:49.85 Noah's bloopers, behind the scenes videos, and special 00:14:49.85\00:14:55.52 interviews. 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One of the most fascinating parts about 00:15:12.37\00:15:14.61 Yellowstone is its petrified forests. 00:15:14.71\00:15:16.51 Much of it is in the Specimen Ridge area. 00:15:16.61\00:15:18.81 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): There we 00:15:18.91\00:15:20.25 find hundreds of upright, petrified logs 00:15:20.35\00:15:22.85 in 27 to 50 layers of forest. 00:15:22.95\00:15:26.86 Secular scientists say that there were many forests here, 00:15:26.96\00:15:30.49 one laid on top of the other, which 00:15:30.59\00:15:33.36 took around 30,000 years in an ongoing cycle to create. 00:15:33.46\00:15:38.77 A forest would grow. 00:15:38.87\00:15:40.14 Then it would be covered by volcanic ash. 00:15:40.24\00:15:42.60 Minerals would soak into the tree and petrify it. 00:15:42.70\00:15:45.27 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): The ash 00:15:45.37\00:15:46.64 weathered into clay and soil. 00:15:46.74\00:15:49.64 Then, a new forest grew, was destroyed by the ash, 00:15:49.74\00:15:54.42 and the process continues. 00:15:54.52\00:15:57.02 Eventually, the layers were exposed by erosion, 00:15:57.12\00:15:59.79 revealing what we see today. 00:15:59.89\00:16:02.42 Using the Bible as our history guidebook, 00:16:02.52\00:16:04.86 with an earth age of only 6,000 years, 00:16:04.96\00:16:07.46 the Petrified Forests of Yellowstone 00:16:07.56\00:16:09.50 do not match up with the secular science of 30,000 years. 00:16:09.60\00:16:12.77 No surprise. 00:16:12.87\00:16:13.87 But there is a different explanation. 00:16:13.97\00:16:16.57 The Bible says there was a catastrophic event, the Genesis 00:16:16.67\00:16:19.91 Flood, which destroyed all vegetation 00:16:20.01\00:16:22.14 on the pre-Flood earth. 00:16:22.24\00:16:23.58 Some of the trees survived on top of the flood waters, 00:16:23.68\00:16:26.11 creating these giant tree mats. 00:16:26.21\00:16:28.55 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): Yet, even 00:16:28.65\00:16:29.98 by the end of the Flood, some of the trees 00:16:30.09\00:16:32.29 were still floating on top of the flood waters, 00:16:32.39\00:16:34.86 even as the waters retreated from off the new, emerging land 00:16:34.96\00:16:37.69 masses. 00:16:37.79\00:16:39.96 As the logs had become waterlogged, 00:16:40.06\00:16:41.73 the heavy end, the root ball, sank in the water 00:16:41.83\00:16:44.27 to the submerged land surface below. 00:16:44.37\00:16:47.67 With the water current still carrying logs, 00:16:47.77\00:16:50.91 they were buried rapidly in the accumulating silt. 00:16:51.01\00:16:56.31 There was also a lot of continuing volcanic activity 00:16:56.41\00:16:59.81 beneath the waters and on the emerging land surface, 00:16:59.91\00:17:05.75 creating large explosions of ash that 00:17:05.85\00:17:08.89 added to the accumulating silt. 00:17:08.99\00:17:12.36 Because the logs were not sinking at the same time, 00:17:12.46\00:17:15.30 they would come to rest on different layers 00:17:15.40\00:17:17.13 of silt and ash. 00:17:17.23\00:17:20.27 Eventually, the upright logs would be fully buried, 00:17:20.37\00:17:23.10 and the chemicals in the water and ash 00:17:23.20\00:17:25.41 would petrify the trees quickly. 00:17:25.51\00:17:26.84 When the flood waters fully receded, 00:17:30.61\00:17:32.71 up to 50 levels of logs were deposited. 00:17:32.81\00:17:36.58 This explanation seems like a good story, 00:17:36.69\00:17:39.12 but hard to believe, until you see the facts. 00:17:39.22\00:17:41.69 [music playing] 00:17:41.79\00:17:47.00 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): If the logs 00:17:48.33\00:17:49.76 were trees that grew at these locations, 00:17:49.86\00:17:52.47 one would expect to find a well-developed root 00:17:52.57\00:17:54.84 system under the logs. 00:17:54.94\00:17:56.50 But they are nonexistent in all of the mature trees at all 50 00:17:56.60\00:18:00.54 layers. 00:18:00.64\00:18:02.31 Also, none of the logs have branches or bark, 00:18:02.41\00:18:05.01 indicating a cataclysmic . 00:18:05.11\00:18:06.88 Event 00:18:06.98\00:18:08.88 In addition, the root balls at the bottoms of the logs 00:18:08.98\00:18:12.02 are small and broken off-- evidence 00:18:12.12\00:18:14.69 of the trees being forcefully pulled out of the ground, 00:18:14.79\00:18:17.69 transported, and deposited here in this area at Yellowstone. 00:18:17.79\00:18:21.30 [music playing] 00:18:21.40\00:18:25.87 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): When studying the rings of logs 00:18:28.54\00:18:30.81 near the top of the ridge and at the bottom, 00:18:30.91\00:18:33.34 there's a lot of similarity in the ring sizes, 00:18:33.44\00:18:36.24 indicating they all grew at the same time. 00:18:36.34\00:18:40.95 If the trees grew in different forests, 00:18:41.05\00:18:42.78 at different time periods, the rings should not be similar. 00:18:42.88\00:18:45.89 [music playing] 00:18:45.99\00:18:51.89 If each forest was killed by different eruption, 00:18:55.46\00:18:58.50 then the trace-element profiles in the ash 00:18:58.60\00:19:00.90 the logs were buried in should be different, 00:19:01.00\00:19:03.24 even if from the same volcano. 00:19:03.34\00:19:06.04 But there are only four different trace-element 00:19:06.14\00:19:08.18 profiles, which help us realize that the trees were 00:19:08.28\00:19:11.28 buried in less than a year. 00:19:11.38\00:19:13.55 [music playing] 00:19:13.65\00:19:18.45 In a typical forest, the decomposing material 00:19:20.02\00:19:22.82 on the forest floor, such as pine needles and dead trees, 00:19:22.92\00:19:26.19 should match the trees around us. 00:19:26.29\00:19:28.36 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): But at Specimen Ridge in Yellowstone, 00:19:28.46\00:19:31.00 the petrified flora doesn't match the petrified trees. 00:19:31.10\00:19:34.60 Which makes for a very petrifying situation. 00:19:34.70\00:19:37.41 Which indicates they didn't grow there. 00:19:37.51\00:19:39.44 [music playing] 00:19:39.54\00:19:44.35 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): In the typical forest, 00:19:45.65\00:19:46.92 you would expect to find evidence of animal life, 00:19:47.02\00:19:48.95 such as burrows and nests. 00:19:49.05\00:19:51.15 But there is no evidence of animal tracks in this area, 00:19:51.25\00:19:54.59 except the remains of termites and their holes 00:19:54.69\00:19:56.76 in some of the logs. 00:19:56.86\00:19:58.86 Some say that the animals fled during the eruptions. 00:19:58.96\00:20:02.00 This happens with large animals, but is not 00:20:02.10\00:20:04.50 true of worms and insects. 00:20:04.60\00:20:06.37 And bones, teeth, and droppings couldn't escape burial, either. 00:20:06.47\00:20:10.21 [music playing] 00:20:10.31\00:20:15.54 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): If the secular story 00:20:17.55\00:20:19.35 is used to explain the formation of these petrified forests, 00:20:19.45\00:20:24.25 then there should be successive layers 00:20:24.35\00:20:25.92 of clay and organic debris. 00:20:26.02\00:20:28.89 But there is no clay found in these volcanic layers, 00:20:28.99\00:20:31.56 and the organic materials are only about an inch 00:20:31.66\00:20:34.36 thick in places. 00:20:34.46\00:20:35.80 [music playing] 00:20:35.90\00:20:41.60 In addition, sediments in these layers 00:20:45.14\00:20:47.38 appear to have been graded and laminated-- 00:20:47.48\00:20:50.28 the result of water and fluid action. 00:20:50.38\00:20:54.45 If these layers were only produced by volcanic activity, 00:20:54.55\00:20:57.59 no such features should be evident. 00:20:57.69\00:21:00.89 This was the result of the receding flood waters, not just 00:21:00.99\00:21:04.29 volcanic action. 00:21:04.39\00:21:05.93 Petrification is actually a pretty simple process. 00:21:09.36\00:21:12.23 It doesn't take that much time. 00:21:12.33\00:21:14.57 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): Secular scientists 00:21:14.67\00:21:16.40 used to say that it took many years to petrify wood. 00:21:16.50\00:21:20.74 But we can do it quickly in labs today. 00:21:20.84\00:21:24.88 What you need to petrify is the presence 00:21:24.98\00:21:27.02 of water saturated with minerals, 00:21:27.12\00:21:29.02 such as lime or silica. 00:21:29.12\00:21:31.89 We know, from the springs around Yellowstone, 00:21:31.99\00:21:34.16 that these minerals are in abundance. 00:21:34.26\00:21:36.99 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): When a log is buried and saturated 00:21:37.09\00:21:39.49 with water containing these minerals, 00:21:39.59\00:21:41.60 there's a chemical exchange that takes place. 00:21:41.70\00:21:43.90 Even if we give an extended range, 00:21:44.47\00:21:46.60 it could take as much as 100 years to fully petrify a log. 00:21:46.70\00:21:50.51 That's still within the Biblical time scale. 00:21:50.61\00:21:53.01 Many of the processes in nature, 00:21:53.38\00:21:55.14 that secular scientists thought took ages, 00:21:55.24\00:21:57.85 we can now do it very quickly. 00:21:57.95\00:22:00.12 Coal and oil have been produced in less than a year. 00:22:00.22\00:22:03.75 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): The global Flood 00:22:03.85\00:22:05.49 would provide the right conditions to quickly 00:22:05.59\00:22:07.69 bury, and exchange the chemicals and the heat 00:22:07.79\00:22:10.26 necessary to produce petrified wood on such a grand scale, 00:22:10.36\00:22:14.20 as here in Yellowstone. 00:22:14.30\00:22:16.67 [whoosh] 00:22:16.77\00:22:18.53 [music playing] 00:22:18.63\00:22:22.30 Yellowstone National Park, where many natural wonders 00:22:22.40\00:22:25.81 are remarkably preserved, also preserves a testament 00:22:25.91\00:22:29.48 to the catastrophic Genesis Flood and its aftereffects. 00:22:29.58\00:22:33.85 Secular and Biblical geologists both agree on the evidence 00:22:33.95\00:22:37.62 that we find here in Yellowstone, 00:22:37.72\00:22:39.62 but we disagree on how we interpret that evidence. 00:22:39.72\00:22:43.53 NOAH JUSTICE (VOICEOVER): One rejects God and the Bible, 00:22:43.63\00:22:46.19 and hence, a global Flood, and accepts millions of years 00:22:46.29\00:22:51.20 from the religion of humanism. 00:22:51.30\00:22:53.44 The other views God as the authority in all areas, 00:22:53.54\00:22:57.07 and hence recognizes the effects of the Flood 00:22:57.17\00:22:59.57 as a result of God's judgment on sin. 00:22:59.67\00:23:03.98 God is going to judge the world again, this time by fire. 00:23:04.08\00:23:07.98 We are all given the opportunity to turn 00:23:08.08\00:23:10.15 to our Creator, repent of our sins, and make Him our Lord. 00:23:10.25\00:23:14.16 We Invite you to begin this journey today. 00:23:14.26\00:23:16.83 [music playing] 00:23:16.93\00:23:21.30 [wind blowing] 00:23:57.97\00:24:03.97 Awesome Science is a video series produced by 00:24:39.27\00:24:42.24 Awesome Science Media produces many other great shows, 00:24:43.95\00:24:47.62 Ark Animals 00:24:55.56\00:24:56.79 We broadcast our episodes throughout the world 00:25:01.00\00:25:03.77 on television networks, TV stations, and online platforms. 00:25:03.77\00:25:08.57 We're making a difference by challenging the deceptive 00:25:08.57\00:25:12.01 evolutionary 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